What are the main features of the Communism form of government?

Communism is an ideology and a political and economic system for managing economies and countries. The essence of communism, or its close cousin socialism, is in that all capital or means of production are owned and operated by the society or the government rather than by by individuals as their private property. This communistic government is a government that governs a country based on this principle of socialism or communism.

However, governments in different countries have attempted to implement these ideals of communism in different ways and have achieved varying degree of success. There is no accepted definition of communistic form of government that reasonably covers the characteristics of all such governments. As a matter of fact the description of communist form of government given by different people is greatly influenced by their sympathies towards the ideal of public ownership of means of production.

Countries opposed to communism frequently describe themselves as democratic country as opposed to communist countries, implying that communist government are not democratic. However communist governments themselves like to claim that they have been elected democratically to manage the affairs of their country. Actually, in India some of the states have been governed by communist part, without in any way violating the democratic nature of Indian government system.

However, it would not be incorrect to say that in general communist government around the world have used force and coercion to implement their ideals to a greater extent than democratic governments. Also, in many instances the elections to elect the representatives are so organized that only selected few people who are members of the official communist party can manage to get elected.

Why don't Granger and his friends want to make anyone angry in Fahrenheit 451?

Granger and his friends, the book people, offer a radically different strategy to the all-out violence that Montag tried in order to challenge the ruling regime of this dystopian world. As they admit to a rather shocked Montag, they burn books too, but only after memorising them and carrying around books, but in their memories. Granger explains his rationalisation of this strategy:

We read the books and burnt them, afraid they'd be found. Microfilming didn't pay off; we were always traveling, we didn't want to bury the film and come back later. Always the chance of discovery. Better to keep it in the old heads, where no one can see it or suspect it. We are all bits and pieces of history and literature and international law.

Granger presents his plan of a number of individuals walking around with books memorised and repressed in their brains, ready to pull out when society needs them again. He further develops his strategy, comparing it to the violence of Montag's approach:

But our way is simpler and, we think, better. All we want to do is keep the knoweledge we think we will need in tact and safe. We're not out to incite or anger anyone yet. For if we are destroyed, the knowledge is dead, perhaps for good. We are model citizens, in our own special way; we walk the old tracks, we lie in the hills at night, and the city people let us be. We're stopped and searched occasionally, but there's nothing on our persons to incriminate us. The organization is flexible, very loose, and fragmentary.

So, the answer to your question is, because of the way Granger and his people have chosen to preserve texts, there is no point trying to provoke an outright confrontation, because the long term goal is the preservation of important pieces of literature. The death of any book person means the death and ultimate loss of that knowledge too. Thus it is much better to hide away and live quietly, not getting into trouble, until such a time when that knowledge will be needed again.

With 2 examples from the industry, explain the role of sciene in production process.I am looking for some examples for the above question with a...

Most of the production processes used for most of the products and services generated in the industry, and even in homes is the result of application of theories and principles of science.

For example, let us take the ubiquitous electricity. The knowledge electricity itself we have today is the result of efforts of science. The equipments we use for generate electricity like the modern turbines and generators also cannot be designed, manufactured or operated without modern scientific knowledge.

Within homes let us take the process of washing clothes, The process appears quite simple to us. But the shapes of various components that make the clothes move in different ways so that these are cleaned thoroughly, and the movement of these components has been designed based on very specialized scientific knowledge.

The humble knife you use in the kitchen is most probably made of steel that has been developed and manufactured based on very specialized scientific knowledge. Even the water that you get in your tap is transported from its source to your tap employing a complicated network of pipes, pumps and storage tanks, which have been designed using scientific knowledge  of hydraulics. It between the water has been purified using a combination of processes such as filtration, flocculation, and chemical reactions. We need science to understand and use all such processes to use them to serve our needs.

As a matter of fact it will be difficult for us to find a modern production process in which science does not play an important role.

Please explain the following quote from Thoreau's "Walden" -- "live deep and suck out all the marrow of life."

If you read the paragraph the quote was taken from, it's all there:

I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have somewhat hastily concluded that it is the chief end of man here to "glorify God and enjoy him forever."

Thoreau went into the woods to live a bare, spare, and essential existence... no modern conveniences to help him make things easier, no creature comforts to lighten his load. He went into the woods to learn what it meant to really live this life as it is, free of all the man-made accouterments that take the life out of life. Put in a more modern way, Thoreau wanted to live without the remote control.

His idea was that all the things we have concocted to make life easier for us to live, at the same time take the substance out of living, the morrow out of the bones. If you turn on the water spigot and water comes pouring out, you don't have to pump it yourself. But it is in the very act of pumping the water yourself, that you feel the weight and substance of the water. In your hands, in your arms.

If things got tough for him, so be it; experience the toughness. If winter winds chilled him to the bone, so be it; feel the cold... know it from within. Thoreau went alone into the woods to learn how to live the way his maker intended to live.

"A strange sad man is he, with his hand always over his heart."Who said this?Who did they say it to?What does it mean?thanks

This quote is from Chapter 20.  The lines are spoken by Pearl, Hester's child.  Pearl is speaking to her mother.

The meaning of the quote has to do with who she is talking about.  When she says this, she is talking about Dimmesdale.  She wonders why he acts so differently when he is with her and her mother than he does out in public.  When they are alone, Dimmesdale acts lovingly towards her and talks to Hester, but when they are out in public he won't.

Of course, what's going on here is that Dimmesdale doesn't want to hang around with them in public because he doesn't want people to know he is Pearl's father.

How does poverty affect Health and violence of a person?How are they different in terms of health and violence?

Poverty hinders development and maintenance of poor health in several ways.The main of these are:

• Inability of people to get nutritional food in enough quantities.


• Reduced ability of poor people to protect themselves from adverse weather conditions like cold, heat and rain. This is because of inability of poor people to afford better houses, clothing, and facilities like cars.


• Poor sanitary conditions of their living quarters, often aggravated by overcrowding.


• Poor working condition within which poor people may be forced to live.


• Greater exposure to infection. This is due coming in contact with large number of people in their living quarters, work places and travelling in public transport.


• Inadequate medical attention.


• Insanitary and unhealthy habits in life. This may be directly due to lack of monetary resource or indirectly because of lack of proper education in health matters.


• Greater incidence of free sex, alcohol, and drugs. This may be due to lack of alternate means of recreation. Also they may have less inhibitions about these due to specific culture which, because of their poverty may give greater emphasis to materialistic things as compared to vague concepts of good and bad.

Though the correlation between violence and poverty is quite clearly established by observation. Poor people tend to be more likely to commit violence, as well as be victim of violence. The causes for this are not that clear. Possible causes of committing greater violence could be due to the following reasons.

• Poor people have much less at risk and much greater pay off from violence, particularly of the petty crime type. A gain of $100 from a hold up is much more valuable to a pauper than to a prince. Also, A few days in jail is not much worse than their life outside it. As a matter of fact, life in jail during adverse weather conditions may be much better from them than outside it. Also poor people have less to loose from poor reputation.


• Less inhibition to commit crime, This point is already covered wile talking about health above.


• Addiction of drugs also breeds crime and violence.


• Poor people are more likely to become member of organized crime because of lack of better opportunities.

Poor people tend to be victim of violence more often primarily because of their limited ability to defend themselves. It is also due to these people being more exposed to action of perpetrators of violence. Both these factors also leads to greater domestic violence among poorer families.

Is childhood the golden period of human life? Explain with reference to different aspects of Growth and Development.

As an infant, a child bonds with another human being. That initial relationship, if secure, allows the child to gradually add more people to his world. If chaos, moves, transitions and other disturbances prevent that initial bond, it is very difficult to create close bonds with others later in life. Similarly, as the child moves and interacts in a healthy environment, the brain develops, creating a functional sensory system. Although recent brain research teaches us that the brain can grow and change throughout life, it is in the early years that some of the foundations for later growth are laid. While brain wiring, if missed in childhood, can still occur in later years, it is often significantly more laborious.