What characterized Puritan religion and government?

Puritans were Calvinist in their theology and worldview. This colored everything that they did. Calvinism can be understood through five points.

1. Total depravity - all people are born sinful.

2. Unconditional election - since people are sinful, only God can save them and he does so freely on account of his grace.

3. Limited atonement - this idea basically states the God died for his people.

4. Irresistable grace - when people realize what God has done, they will follow him.

5. Perseverance of the saints - through hard work, the people of God will make it to the end.

This theological mix, created a culture of hard work, and there was an emphasis on morality. The government was democratic in terms of state, but in the church is was mostly congregationalist.

What archetypes can be found in "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings"?Jorge Garcia Marquez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings"

With archetype meaning the original pattern or model after which a thing is made, the story itself is an archetype of a fairy tale with the role of the supernatural mixing with the mundane.  However, while Marquez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" is in the style of a folk or fairy tale, it does not provide a moral lesson.  Instead, it blurs the line between the significant and the trivial as the townspeople misinterpret and then become weary of the old man with wings.

There is also a blurring of the role of the old man with enormous wings, whose appearance hardly affects Pelayo who perceives little difference between the "angel" and the crabs in his house.  The old man with wings may, perhaps, represent the angel of death since the village woman believes that he has come for the ailing child.  However, his act of taking the boy reverses to the boy's becoming well.  Other misdirected "miracles" occur:  the blind man does not see, but he suddenly grows three more teeth; the leper's sores do not heal, but sunflowers start to grow out of them.  That the angel is weakened in powers is indicated by his parasites and his inability to take flight. 

Full of mystery, the old man is too complex for the villagers; they are content with the trite moralizing of the SpiderGirl, an aberration from the archetype of a minotaur, also a half-human creature.  The SpiderGirl's tale is simple and understandable, so the villagers accept it whereas they are confused by the weakened angel who stirs dung into the air with his parasitic wings. Pelayo's wife complains of the old man nearness, making her life "a hell full of angels" in which she becomes "unhinged" in spite of her having grown rich at the angel's expense.

Despite different interpretations of these archetypes, they all serve to blur the lines between reality and illusion.  After all, no one quite knows what to think of the incidents that occur, the moralizing of the Spider Girl, or the old man with wings's incongruous appearance.

In The Scarlet Letter, why does Chillingworth think he has a double reason for punishing Dimmesdale?

Chillingworth has a dual reason for hating and punishing Dimmesdale:  he committed adultery with his wife, Hester, and he has the admiration and love of his community, something that Chillingworth could never have.

Adultery was considered a terrible crime in Puritan society.  Even though Hester considered herself unmarried, as she thought her husband had abandoned her, she was still to live as a married woman.

Dimmesdale was his own worst enemy in that he couldn't admit to his congregation that he was guilty of sin.  The people simply would not believe him.  They admired and respected him for his holy lifestyle and his quality of sermon.  They respected, revered and loved him in a way that Chillingworth, even if he were "local," could never attain.

What is the problem in "The Devil and Tom Walker" between Tom and the Boston neighbors?

As Tom Walker reached old age, he began to be concerned about what might happen to him when he died.  Because he had made a deal with the devil, he began to be concerned about losing his soul and spending eternity in hell.  Tom began to attend church and became extremely vocal in his prayers; he seemed to think that volume and frequency were indicators of his spiritual status.  When this happened,

The quiet Christians who had been modestly and steadfastly traveling Zionward, were struck with self-reproach at seeing themselves so suddenly outstripped in their career by this new-made convert.

In addition, Tom was quick to recognize the sins of his neighbors and felt that pointing them out made him seem a better Christian while making them worse.  Of course, these offences were only additions to the advantage he took of the those in need when they were forced to employ his services as usurer.

A racing car has a mass of 1610 kg. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s to the second power.What is its kinetic energy if it has a speed of 111...

Kinetic energy (k) of any moving objects in joules (J) is given by the following formula:

k = (m*v^2)//2

Where:

m = mass of the object in kg

v = Speed in m/s

Given:

m = 1610 kg

v = 111 km/hours

We can convert speed in km/hrs in speed in m/s by multiplying by 1000/3600. Thus:

v = 111*(1000/3600) = 1110/36 m/s

In this question though the value of acceleration of gravity is given, we do not need it to calculate kinetic energy of the car.

Using the formula for kinetic energy given above we calculate the kinetic energy of car as follows:

k = (m*v^2)//2 = [(1610)*(1110/36)^2}//2 = 765309.0278 J

Answer:

Kinetic energy of car is 765309.0278 J

Explain the legal framework for small business?

A business firm can be organized as per different types of legal frameworks. The main types of these frameworks are:

Sole proprietorship: In this his type of firm only one person or individual owns the business or the firm> This owner is also when person with the overall responsibility and authority for management of the firm. This form of business is the oldest and most common form of business organization. It is most suitable for the smallest of the businesses. There is no limitation on the size of business to be carried out by a sole proprietorship. However, it is not very appropriate for very big businesses.

Partnership: Partnership is basically a relationship between two or more persons who loin hands to form and operate a business. The persons who thus collaborate together are called partners of the firm. The partners provide the necessary capital, run the business jointly, and share all the profits as well as losses. A partnership firm is also suitable for small business, but are able to provide satisfactory alternative for businesses that are bigger than those appropriate for sole proprietorship.

Joint Stock Company: Joint stock company is a voluntary association of persons who contribute capital to carry out a particular type of business. People who contribute to this capital are called shareholders of the company. It varies from the partnership firms in several respects. First, a joint stock company has a legal existence independent of its shareholders. Second, the ownership of the company and its management are separated. People who own the company may not necessarily manage it, and usually only some of the shareholders mare involved in management. Finally the liability of the shareholders for the losses incurred by the company is limited by their contribution to its capital. For this reason the joint stock companies are also called limited companies.

There are two broad types of joint stock companies private limited companies and public limited companies. Number of shareholders in a private limited company has an upper limit specified by law. Public limited companies has no such restriction. There are other differences also between them, but we need not go in these right now. Because of limited number of shareholders it can have, a private limited company is generally does not able to form very large capital, and therefore is not very suitable for very big companies. The private limited companies may be used for some small businesses also, bur in general it is more suitable for medium size enterprises.

How does "Nothing is funnier than unhappiness" (Beckett) as applied to children's comedy relate to Romeo and Juliet?Previously I asked a question...

Part I

The quote "Nothing is funnier than unhappiness" is a quote from Samuel Beckett's one-act play Endgame, a play set in annihilation and absurdity. The presuppositions of the play (and by extension, of the quote) are that there is no happiness in life, paramountly because there is no God. Absurdist theater propounded the notion that logic and communication are pointless because all attempts break down to "disharmony," or the "absurd." Hence, the above quote, spoken by a dust-bin cleaner, is a satire; yet satire starts from a truth and then addresses that truth ironically or sarcastically (actually, sarcasm is a form of irony).

As I understand it, you are examining comedy in children's literature, which, I take it, includes Young Adult literature as Romeo and Juliet is suited to young adult readership. And you are in particular examining the relationship of the particular quote, "Nothing is funnier than unhappiness," to children's literature, with the objective in mind to explore how it does or does not play out as a truism in Children's comedy. Is this correct? If it is, then perhaps we can explore a little further.

In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo's misery over the fair Rosaline  (Act 1, Scene 1) is a source of amusement to Romeo's friends and the inspiration for some witty repartee (Act I, Scene 2). The reason some may see Romeo's unhappiness regarding Rosaline as amusing is because it is the unhappiness of a common dilemma, and he employs common and, in some ways, preposterous reactions to it. As another illustration, Juliet's coming and going on the balcony once her Nurse appears on the scene (Act II, Scene 2), has a comedic touch to it because her unhappiness at having to part from Romeo is, again, the unhappiness of a common dilemma and she is employing common and somewhat preposterous responses to it in trying to manage to be both here and there at once.

These instances of unhappiness are mild ones and in no way are they represented by Shakespeare as life destroying or life threatening instances of unhappiness. Later, when Romeo's and Juliet's unhappiness does become life destroying and threatening, there is no shred of humor suggested by Shakespeare in any regard. This analysis seems to indicate that if the Beckett quote is true, it is true only for mild forms of unhappiness, forms that are virtually inescapable as part of the universal human experience (lost love who didn't love you, being harried by divided interests).

Part II below (I hope).