Sunday, March 27, 2011

Were American Indians used as slaves? Did they resist or help navigate and teach how to live on their land? Both?I'm very interested in the...

You should check out James Loewen's book Lies My Teacher Told Me. The chapter on Columbus, and the chapter entitled "Red Eyes" are a wealth of information regarding native/European interaction. He discusses the native slave trade in great detail, including how the Puritans "sold the survivors of the Pequot War into slavery in Bermuda in 1637." The Spanish missionaries in California had the largest population of enslaved natives, although the encomienda system kept many enslaved in Florida. 


Native tribes also began to enslave each other, to sell to the Europeans for guns and other goods. In addition, settlers began transporting native slaves (who were able to escape while in their native country) to the West Indies in exchange for African slaves. So the native slave trade actually drove and influenced growth of the African slave trade as well. Along with rampant disease, the slave trade was one of the leading factors in decimating the native population soon after European settlement.


There was certainly resistance, although the spread of disease before mass immigration from Europe essentially halved native populations. Combined with differing cultural definitions of property and ownership, this created the idea of American Indian tribes as "savages" who merely roamed the land. In fact, the reason New England especially was described as "park-like" in so many first hand accounts of European arrival in America is because the native tribes had cultivated the land and grown crops there before.

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