The first ten amendments to the Constitution, better known as the Bill of Rights, were added to the Constitution to allay the fears of opponents of the Constitution, commonly known as Anti-Federalists.
The Anti-Federalists feared that the national government, if given more power the way the Constitution proposed, would abuse the rights of the people.
The Federalists, who favored the Constitution, needed Anti-Federalist votes to ensure that the Constitution would get ratified. So they added the Bill of Rights to guarantee that the new stronger federal government would not be able to trample people's rights.
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