How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development?The question takes place from the time of Ancient Greece.

Before we look into the economic, political and social developments, it is important to understand Ancient Greek geography.  Generally, Greece is very mountainous.  Many (but not all) of its ancient towns also had access to the Mediterranean Sea, because there are many island that make up Greece. There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South.  While they all share mountains as a basic geographic characteristic, they also have differences.  Epirus is isolated by mountains.  Thessaly has warm, dry plains and lower mountain ranges.  Central Greece is surrounded by a lot of water, and the Peloponnese is mountainous and separated from the mainland by the Gulf of Corinth.

Political development- Because Ancient Greek city-states tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government.  Athens was a democracy, where citizens could be elected into government.  Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs.  Greek geography made it almost impossible for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations.  The Mycenaeans, for example, ruled over much of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece.  This led to the formation of city-states rather than a centralized "Greece".

Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes.  Other city-states that were not on the shoreline, like Sparta in the southwest Peloponnese, relied on slave labor to tend to fields, craft goods, etc.  The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy.  This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. 

Social development- Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece.  Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens.  Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries.  Women in Athens were on the bottom rung of the social ladder and were not considered citizens.