Why was the Renaissance age called "The Golden Age of Acappella Singing?"

The Renaissance took place in the fourteen through sixteenth centuries. It was a time of incredible development in the arts. We see great advancements in painting, sculpting, and architecture, to name a few things. In light of this, it should not be surprising that there was also a great development in music. For instance, we see that the origins of opera began here. Catherina de Medici brought this new music from Florence to France. Also it was a time of great growth in church music and it further developed the gregorian chant. It is perhaps for this reason that the renaisance was called the "golden age of Acapella." See link for a brief history.

Who saves Jem and Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird?Atticus and Heck Tate disagree over the essential worth of Bob Ewell. Whom do you agree with and...

The climax to the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, occurs when Boo Radley finally makes his appearance, killing Bob Ewell when he attacks Jem and Scout on the way home from the Halloween pageant. A confused Atticus at first appears uncertain about who knifed Ewell, but Sheriff Heck Tate clears up the matter for him.

    "Mis-ter Finch, hold on," said Mr. Tate. "Jem never stabbed Bob Ewell."

But Sheriff Tate is not about to publicly admit that Boo has killed Ewell.

    "Mr. Finch," Mr. Tate said stolidly. "Bob Ewell fell on his knife. He killed himself."

Atticus and Heck both know this is not true, but the sheriff has his reasons.

    "God damn it. I'm not thinking of Jem!"
    "... Mr. Finch, taking the one man who's done you and this town a great service an' draggin' him with his shy ways into the limelight--to me, that's a sin. It's a sin and I'm not about to have it on my head. If it was any other man it'd be different. But not this man, Mr. Finch.

Sheriff Tate makes it clear that the death of Bob Ewell is a good thing for Maycomb, and he is willing to bend the rules and call it an accidental self-inflicted wound. He does this primarily to keep Boo Radley away from a possible public trial; in doing so, it will also prevent Jem and Scout from having to testify. Although Atticus does not comment about the character of Bob Ewell, he worries that this "cover-up" will serve as a bad example to Jem. Atticus is also concerned that the community may think "hushing this up" is his idea, and his honest nature will not allow this to happen.

Scout's meeting with Boo is not how she expected it to be. Explaining to Sheriff Tate and Atticus what has happened, she tells them that she thought it was her father who had come to the rescue "and had got wore out." But when the sheriff asks who it was, Scout points and identifies him.

    "Why, there he is, Mr. Tate, he can tell you his name."

As she looks at the unknown man standing in the shadows, she finally realizes it is none other than Boo. Boo is gentle and kind, and Scout understands that he is responsible for saving her life. But there is at least one characteristic that Jem and Scout had expected.

... They were white hands, sickly white hands that had never seen the sun... His face was as white as his hands... and his gray eyes were so colorless I thought he was blind. His hair was dead and thin...

As for Sheriff Tate's opinion about Bob Ewell--that Boo "has done this town a great service"--I agree completely. Ewell is absolutely "a disgrace to the community" and deserving of his fate.

What discussion of gender roles emerges in Act Iv, scene 3?

The Macduffs are foils of the Macbeths, though in Act IV scene  ii it seems that Macduff makes the same mistake that Macbeth makes in Act III, which is failing to consult with his wife and placing matters of the state above matters of the family.

Macduff, though absent in the scene, will discuss manhood in the next scene, iii.  Regarding the murder of his family, Malcolm will say to Macduff:

Dispute it like a man.

Macduff will answer:

I shall do so, / But I must also feel it as a man.

Macduff is sensitive to the murder of his family, unlike Macbeth, who defines manhood with murder.  But, Lady Macduff begs the question: why forsake the family for the state in the first place?

To understand this, one must understand "comitatus," the King-Thane relationship.  Macduff, a thane, is bound to serve his king by protecting his land and life.  If the king is killed, the thane is bound to avenge the king's death.  So, Macduff is off seeking revenge against Macbeth, while Macbeth, not bound to any loyalties, is seeking murder against all the Macduffs to pre-empt the witches' prophecies.

Lady Macduff, who is bound to the family, cannot understand these male bonds of revenge.  It's all traitorous murder in her eyes.  Lady Macduff cannot understand why a man (Macbeth) would murder her and her son, since there is no political reason to do so.  Lady Macduff cannot understand why her husband would leave her defenseless.  She says to Ross:

What had he done, to make him fly the land?

ROSS

You must have patience, madam.

LADY MACDUFF

He had none:
His flight was madness: when our actions do not,
Our fears do make us traitors.

ROSS

You know not
Whether it was his wisdom or his fear.

Lady Macduff's monologue reveals the key gender differences:

Wisdom! to leave his wife, to leave his babes,
His mansion and his titles in a place
From whence himself does fly? He loves us not;
He wants the natural touch: for the poor wren,
The most diminutive of birds, will fight,
Her young ones in her nest, against the owl.
All is the fear and nothing is the love;
As little is the wisdom, where the flight
So runs against all reason.

A mother would never leave her babes.  Macduff's flight is neither wisdom, nor fear, nor reason.  She calls it traitorous (to the family), whereas Macduff might answer that he is defending country above family.  It's all a matter of priorities.

What are the types of clay used in natural treatments?If possible, a short description of the use of either.

In nature are found many kinds of clay, including:white clay;green clay;red clay;yellow clay;blue clay.

White clay or kaolin generally consists of aluminum silicate with the addition of magnesium and calcium silicate. This magnesium, iron and calcium allows the use of kaolin in cases of fatigue and demineralization of the body, anemia, to diseases of oncological nature.

Green clay contains silica (49 percent), aluminum (5.6 percent), iron oxide (4.4 percent), magnesium (4.2 percent), iron oxides alkali (3 percent), water (7.4 percent). Due to the high silica green clay is used to treat diseases that occur on a date with advance age, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis.

Red clay is of great help in joint diseases.

A special value is buttery blue clay. Bulgarian doctor and researcher Ivan Iotova  dedicated long time to blue clay research and established that it has the same field of vibration that the healthy cells and is able to balance the weak biofield of humans. Measurements made by I. Iotova in 1991 showed that clay has therapeutic qualities, a static of wave with a length of 8 meters is corresponding to waves healthy cells in the body . Therefore, it is not harmful, has no contraindications, is a universal therapeutic mean .

For treatment can be used clay with a vibrational energy field such as radio waves that penetrate deep within the human body. This clay destroy diseased cells, which have a different wavelength. Clay also vibrate as healthy cells  and so is purifying by the harmful substances collected in these, substances that prevent their normal functioning.

Why do plants and animals need to be fast growing in deserts

"Fast growing" is a manner of plants adaptations in order to survive in dry lands.

Some plants develop quickly from seeds buried in soil in the long dry period. Insects feed on plants,meanwhile pollinating flowers that will make thousands of seeds before the rain water to evaporate completely, thus ensuring a new generation.

North American Agava grows for 15 years before it blooms. When it rains, their flower  produces seeds rapidly.From plants' seeds  new plants are being developed, and the old plants die.

In general, plants lose more water through the leaves, but the desert plants have to hold water. Some have special leaves ,"water accumulating" .Other plants lose their leaves during periods without rain. Once rain water dries, it's leaves fall to save water.

All plants have to survive to dry periods and to animals that eat their leaves.

Most land plants take their needed water from the soil,  by roots. They need water to cook their food by photosynthesis. In leaves, some water turns into vapours, which are lost in the air. Always soil water goes up in the plant and goes out in the air, in this way. If plants are left without water, first wilt, then dry, and if not receiving water, they die.

Why does Gatsby stop his parties and replace his servants?Chapter 7 of "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald

In Chapter 7 of "The Great Gatsby" Fitzgerald alludes to Trimalchio, a former slave in a narrative by Petronius who  attained wealth and power through hard work and perseverance much like Gatsby's having attained wealth after a modest beginning.  Because this Trimalchio gave lavish parties, Nick writes of Gatsby, "his career as Trimalchio was over"; this allusion suggests that the illusion of Gatsby--his "American Dream"--may be coming to an end.

In place of his servants, "an unfamiliar butler with a villainous face" greets Nick "in a dilatory, drudging way," and answers Nick's questions with rude monosyllables ("Nope,"  "Who?"  "All right").  In reality, this "servant" is a man that the mentor of Gatsby, Wolfsheim, has recommended.  Gatsby explains to Nick that Wolfsheim suggested that Gatsby use these people who would be discreet about Daisy's visitations:  "I wanted somebody who wouldn't gossip."  At these words, Nick reflects,

So the whole caravansary of servants had fallen like a house of cards at the disapproval in her [Daisy's] eyes.

The choice of the word caravansary, an inn for caravans in Persia, again suggests the allusion of Trimalchio,but now there is a somewhat satirtic tone attached to this allusion as Gatsby's dream, tainted with corruption of his mentors, begins to deteriorate in the intense heat of the summer and the passions of the characters which crescendo before their deterioration.

How does the poem "Home Burial" achieve the objective of modernist literature?

The first thing to do with a question like this is come to grips with the most important term, in this case "modernist literature."  Four key characteristics of this genre include the following:  mundane (ordinary) subject matter, a pessimistic point of view (POV), multiple narrators, and the concept of the individual against society. 

"Home Burial" is about a married couple who has lost a child--a situation far more common, perhaps, than any of us would like to admit.  Once the child is gone, the couple can not seem to find a way to grieve together--another common experience even among people who love each other very much.  Love and death and grief are among the most basic elements shared by all humans.  In addition, the narrative itself is simply written--no frills or fancy poetic devices.  Just a simple, basic story told in a simple, basic way.

The pessimism is overt more than symbolic. This married couple no longer talks to each other. He has no idea what to do or say to make things right again, and she has turned to someone else for comfort. She walks out the door to meet another man, and he is left standing helplessly. The chasm between them is too wide to breach, and there is no hope for this relationship. 

The use of multiple narrators is more subtle in this selection than in, say, a short story.  Nevertheless, we hear two distinct voices--though neither is really listening.  She won't talk, he says; he won't listen, she says.  She grieves too much, he says; he grieves not at all, she says.  He deals with his grief by staying busy and doing what must be done--including burying his dead child.  She deals with her grief by sitting at the top of the stairs and looking out the window, crying and remembering.  She walks out to join a man who will listen; he asks her to stay but has nothing to offer her. Their simple dialogue carries the weight of their heartbreak.

Finally, the individual in a battle against society is represented by this grieving mother.  She alone knows a mother's grief, and even those closest to her can neither understand her nor help her.  She stands alone against an insensitive and harsh world, even walking away from one of its most sacred conventions--marriage.  She has clearly isolated herself, but she sees it differently.

The literature of this modernistic genre, despite its pessimistic and almost fatalistic tone, does represent some basic truths of human nature--as all literature should.

What objects could represent Old Major in the book Animal Farm?

This is a little bit difficult because Old Major dies so early in book.  We don't really get to know all that much about him except for his political ideas.

The only traits I associate with Old Major are

• He's old


• He was a prize-winning boar and still looks majestic


• He's an intellectual -- a thinker and very wise.

None of these lend themselves too well to objects, I don't think.  My best thoughts would be a cane for his age, a pair of reading glasses or some sort of philosophy book or something like that to show his intellect.

Discuss the theme of loyalty vs. Disloyalty as you see it in "Hamlet". There is a group of literary critics who argue that Shakespeare’s "Hamlet"...

Loyalty, although typically considered a good thing, actually does a lot of damage in the play "Hamlet."  It is loyalty to their fathers that drive Hamlet and Laertes to revenge--without those avowals of avenging the deaths of their fathers, which can be tied directly back to their loyalty to their fathers and their family name, then all of the deaths in the play would not have occurred.  Then, consider the interesting characters of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern--here are two buds of Hamlet's, who are supposed to be loyal to him.  However, they switch their loyalties to the king, and agree to spy on Hamlet, and then, to "dispatch" of him.  Loyalty to the king, (which in turn shows disloyalty to Hamlet) drives them to betrayal of a friendship and trust, and potentially to murder.  It is Hamlet's discovery of their murderous summons that prompts him to kill them.  He feels betrayed by their lack of loyalty to him, in the name of obedience to the powerful king.

Disloyalty also plays a role.  Consider how Gertrude's disloyalty to the memory of her first husband upsets Hamlet so much; his anger over her "o'er hasty marriage" to Claudius is one thing that makes Hamlet more driven to kill Claudius.  It is what drives him to his mother's chambers to chew her out for her "incestuous" deeds; this leads to the death of Polonius.  Then, Hamlet's apparent disloyalty to Ophelia prompts her to return his love tokens and a rather bitter break-up between the two.  This inevitably leads to part of her breakdown later on in the play.  Gertrude's disloyalty leads to Hamlet's harsh opinion of all women, and thus his ranting against Ophelia at their meeting.

Those are just a few thoughts on the roles that disloyalty and loyalty play in "Hamlet," and I hope that they helped; good luck!

What are 4 different linguistic features(eg. repetition) in Huck's language that greatly effect the reader with how they feel about him.How does...

A recent scholar said that Twain based Huck's linguistic patterns off of a 10 year-old African-American servant that Twain listened to before starting the book (link below).

The most obvious linguistic element (besides repetition) that Huck uses when he narrates is dialect.  Huck Finn is the first American novel to use a child's voice as a regionalized voice.  As he tells his tall tales, Huck becomes a folk hero by virtue of his voice.

Second, Huck's naivete of cultural conventions comes through in his voice.  Huck does not know proper adult discourse, which is part of Twain's own satiric humor.  Huck can't even play along with jokes. When Buck asks Huck, "where Moses was when the candle went out,"  Huck responds, "How'm I going to guess," says I, "when I never heard tell about it before?"  Such questioning reveals an endearing, uncorrupted voice.

Third, Huck is a brilliant liar.  He ranks just behind Odysseus in his ability to lie and get away with it.  But, in literature, his lying can be classified many ways: as verbal irony, overstatement, understatement, hyperbole, or sarcasm (used sparingly).  All of these contribute to a work of situational satire and parody.

All of these add up to a narrator who should be--based on his age and use of language--morally, intellectually, and culturally inferior to his readers and fellow characters (except Jim).  In other words, Twain uses the dialect to subvert his readers' pre-judgements, thereby fooling the reader into believing this outcast in the end.  Huck's lies, ironically, are morally justified in the Jim Crow setting.

Did Gene Fowler or his son say, "Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank piece of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead"?Have...

I found the answer quite easily on Wikipedia. According to Wikipedia, Gene Fowler, Sr. said it, I will post the link to the article, but if you think about it, it makes a lot of sense. Gene Fowler, Sr. was a journalist, author, and dramatist, whereas his son was an editor and director in the film industry. If this is the case, it would make more sense that the father would be the one discussing the art of writing. I really didn't know too much about either Gene Fowler, but I really enjoyed researching the answer to this question. Both seem to be humorous individuals, especially Gene Fowler, Sr. He is also quoted as saying, "The best way to become a successful writer is to read good writing, remember it, and then forget where you remember it from." I hope this helped you, and good luck!

Satire/Double Speak in 1984 Part 1?Examples of Satire and Double Speak in Part1? I know about vaporized, but anything else really significant? I'm...

If you think of satire as the use of irony or sarcasm, then you can see a few pretty obvious examples of satire in Part 1.  The first thing I would point to would be the Party's three major slogans:

War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength.

By having these be the slogans for the society, Orwell satirizes the extent to which the Party has eroded truth and the meaning of words.

Similarly, you can look at the names of the ministries.  For example, the Ministry of Love is in charge of brutally torturing people.  Winston works in the Ministry of Truth where he destroys the truth and creates lies.

All of these are satirical in the sense that they are very ironic and sarcastic uses of words.

What are the symptoms and treatment of mesenteric ischemia?

Chronic ischemia of mesenteric artery  in atherosclerotic etiology is frequently associated with abdominal pain after eating and occasionally diarrhea. Patients have finally fear of diet, due to associated pain.Acute ischemia is, however, a much more brutal and severe symptoms, with intense abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and rapid deterioration of general state, the patient could get even shocked.

Vomiting has food nature to that in advanced cases be accompanied by blood and even feces. Symptoms depend very much on the artery involved in the process -inferior ischemic  mesenteric artery presents, for example, abdominal pain, but with few other symptoms conclusive.

The pain is very poorly located (this is a characteristic of visceral pain). It occurs in 75-85% of patients. Vomiting and nausea are also common, but diarrhea occurres only at some cases.Classic triad for entero-mesenteric ischemia with cardiac embolic is represented by abdominal pain, complete emptying of the bowel and chronic heart disease.

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a surgical emergency. In pre hospital it will be administered first aid measures to the patient: securing a venous access, installation of a Nasopharyngeal-gastric probe,therapy with  oxygen. Patients may require electrolyte rebalancing and nutritional. If thrombi is, however, timely found , it is tried it's  destruction with thrombolytic agents administered intravenously.

Chronic mesenteric ischemia can be solved by cutting and the excision of blocking area, by stringing the vascular heads  and reconnecting artery to aorta (re-introduction in vascular circuit).

Another procedure is to bypass blocked area, using a non allergizing plastic graft .

What are three significant quotes with commentary for "The Necklace"?

The author introduces us to the central theme of the story from the very first line of the book.  He says of Mme. Loisel,

"She was one of those pretty and charming girls who are sometimes, as if by a mistake of destiny, born in a family of clerks".

This line tells us that Mme. Loisel is not going to be happy with her life.  She wants to be rich, but she will live a simple life instead, and be very unsatisfied with it.

Mme. Loisel's husband does not share her dissatisfaction with life, as he shows at dinner when he uncovers the soup tureen and declares, with an "enchanted" air,

"Ah, the good pot-au-feu!  I don't know anything better than that!" 

The life he lives with Mme. Loisel is quite enough for him; he is satisfied with what he has.

When the elegant ball which Mme. Loisel had so wanted to attend is over, the author says,

"All was ended, for her".

This short statement is ironic in that, yes, the ball is over, but so is Mme. Loisel's life as she knows it.  She has never been satisfied with her situation, but now that she has lost the necklace, even what she has is about to be taken away.

The jeweler whose name is on the box holding the necklace Mme. Loisel had borrowed from Mms. Forestier gives us a clue that the necklace might not have been what it had seemed.  He tells the Loisels,

"It was not I, madame, who sold that necklace; I must simply have furnished the case".

The Loisels, undaunted, continue on from jeweler to jeweler, never considering that the case might have held a necklace which had not been bought at a fancy place.  They are unable to distinguish the case from its contents, or what is inside from its outer appearance.

When Mme. Loisel reveals to Mme. Forestier that she and her husband had replaced the original necklace, Mme. Loisel

"...smile(s) with a joy which (is) proud and naive at once".

This statement sums up Mme. Loisel's whole problem.  She is proud, and wants to have nice things so that she can show them off, but she is naive, actually in two ways.  First of all, she does not recognize genuine quality when she sees it, as in the case of the necklace, and second, she does not understand that a person's value does not come from what they have; that is, their exterior appearances and possessions.

What is the significance of the quarrel in Book 1 of Homer's Iliad?

The quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon in Book 1 of Homer's Iliad sets in motion a chain of events that will affect the tenth and final year of the legendary Trojan War.

In the first nine years of the war, little had taken place because the Trojans had realized in the early days of the war that they were no match for Achilles on the open battlefield.

Once Achilles leaves the fighting, though, this gives the Trojans the courage to leave the safety of their city walls and come out to fight. Hector inflicts serious damage on the Greek fortifications on Troy's shores and even threatens to set fire to the Greek fleet. The threats to the Greek ships causes Achilles' best friend Patroclus to want to enter battle. In Iliad 16, Patroclus' death, at the hands of Hector, causes Achilles to return to the fighting and kill Hector (Iliad 22). Achilles then holds funeral games for Patroclus (Iliad 23) and ransoms back Hector's body to Priam (Iliad 24).

We should note, however, that the Trojan War does not end at this point. We should also note that Hector's death did not mean the defeat of the Trojans. The Trojans would get reinforcements. We should also keep in mind that Achilles himself did not live to see the fall of Troy. He is killed later in the tenth year by Paris/Alexander.

At sea level, what is the approximate value of atmospheric pressure in Pa, in mmHg and in atm? (where g = 10 N/kg)

Although 1013.25 mb (760 mm Hg) is considered to  be the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level, it does not mean that the pressure at this level has this value, actually this being 1011 mb.

Since much of the Earth's surface is above sea level, annual average atmospheric pressure at the surface was estimated to be 984.43 mb.

Atmospheric pressure measurement is made by direct reading on barometer with mercury or  metal barometer. The registration of atmospheric pressure is made with Barograph, daily or weekly.In situations where the weather is the distribution of atmospheric pressure at sea level, to the values determined instrumental will suffer correction of level (height=0m and t=150C), temperature correction(reducing to 0C) and correction of latitude(reducing to the average latitude).

Atmospheric pressure is encoded being reduced at sea level,  in mb, symbol PPPP (± 0.1 mb).

What is the setting of "The Crucible" movie (1996)? Include mood, tone, time, place.

The setting of the movie is the same setting as the play itself; if you haven't read the play or watched the movie yet, I highly recommend it.  They are both very excellent, and the 1996 version of the play, with Winona Ryder and Daniel Day-Lewis is fantastic.

"The Crucible" takes place during the Salem Witch Trials, which occurred in the year 1692, in the town of Salem, Massachusets.  It was a pretty successful merchant town, whose government was a theocracy, or, a government that followed religious laws.  The officials were religious men, and if you broke the precepts of the religion, you were punished according to the law.  The main religion they practiced was Puritanism, a break-of of the Church of England.  Puritans were strict, and stuck to the bible as the source of all authority.

The play opens up in Reverend Parris's house, where his daughter Betty is ill; the mood and tone is tense, dramatic, and strained.  The movie opens up a bit differently; it shows a group of girls dancing in the forest and performing spells.  The mood is dark, intense, and sordid.  After that scene, the movie moves on to Parris's house, starting where the play opens.

I hope that helps; again, I recommend watching the movie or reading the play.  It's a great story with a lot of applicable lessons.

What is the definite integral of (sec^4 x) from 0 to pi/4? Just for clarification, that is a secant to the fourth power of x. I had this question...

(secx)^4  = (1+tan^2 x) sec^2

Therefore Integral (sec^4 x) dx = Integral (1+tan^2 x) sec^2 x dx

Let tan x=t , then sec^2 x dx = dt , for x=0, t=0  and for x=pi/4 , t=1, with this transformation,

Right side is  integral (1+t^2) dt

=(t+t^3/3)+C . Taking  itegral limits from t= 0 to t=1 , we get

=(1+1^3/3+C)- (0+0+C)

=4/3

NB : Tan 0 = 0 and it is not undefined, whereas tan 90 = is undefined with change of sign and infinite jump from  +inf to -inf as go from 90-  to  90+.

What do Hannah and the Meadow offer Kit that she cannot find elsewhere in the Puritan society?

When Kit is living with her new relatives she is considered vain and proud.  These are not acceptable qualities in the Puritan society.  She arrives with trunks full of beautiful dresses and other material possessions that her new family has never dreamed of.  Her Uncle and Aunt refuse to let their girls become part of this material world and forbid Kit to continue wearing these things.  They stifle Kit's imagination and her freedom to be the beautiful dreamer that she was. 

When Kit finds the meadow and Hanna her life gets better.  They offer peace and the acceptance of being herself. The meadow and Hanna offer a sense of freedom for her and this is most important, because that is why she sailed from Barbados to begin with; for freedom. Hanna is an outcast in the community because of rumor and prejudice.  She welcomes Kit into her home and they share many hours together.  In the meadow Kit can feel free and dream and pretend that her life is better and that her future will hold happiness and love.

"Kit finds her way to her freedom in stumbling fits and starts, and, to be frank, at times she is simply lucky. For Kit to have talked to John Holbrook about reading and for him to have mentioned it to those making decisions about teachers, for Hannah Tucker to live by the meadows and to be walking in them when Kit has such emotional distress, or for the Dolphin to emerge on the river when Kit is trying to help Hannah escape the mob, all of these are lucky coincidences indeed. However, in Kit’s actions we see the personal and emotional components needed for freedom: one needs to be born free, to be educated, to have a loving upbringing, and to meet up with good people."

"How does Fahrenheit 451 illustrate the major traits of dystopian literature?"Write a thesis & three topic sentences for the following prompt above.

In your thinking about this question, you would do well to compare this novel to another similar dystopian novel, such as 1984, Brave New World or A Handmaid's Tale. Reading and comparing Fahrenheit 451 with any of these novels would give you a much better idea of dystopian fiction and some of the central components of dystopia.

However, just to give you a few ideas, I would pick the following three elements:

Censorship: clearly, in this novel, the banning of books and the censorship of knowledge is a central theme. The government of this world have decided to ban all books and burn them for reasons that are not explicitly spelled out. However, this could easily be compared to the workings of the Ministry of Truth (irony there) in 1984.

Simulated experiences: another key element is the rise in popularity of simulated experiences instead of reality. This is most clearly seen in Mildred and her "family" and her devotion to the screens that her friends come and enjoy together. The description of what these screens show is a maelstrom of different images and experiences:

Abruptly the room took off on a rocket flight into the clouds, it plunged into a lime-green sea where blue fish ate red and yellow fish. A minute later, Three White Cartoon Clowns chopped off each other's limbs to the accompaniment of immense incoming tides of laughter. Two minutes more and the room whipped out of town to the jet cars wildly circling an arena, bashing and backing up and bashing each other again. Montag saw a number of bodies fly in the air.

Such disrupted and fast-changing images and the avidity with which Millie and her friends watch them show how they are living more in a simulated reality than in reality itself, a point driven home when Montag forces them to listen to "Dover Beach" and they start crying. This is a world that has truly embraced the mass media and forsaken individual thought and expression.

Alienation and loneliness: Montag is above all a lonely man. He, throughout the course of the novel, realises how shallow his society and life and marriage has become and yearns for companionship and ideas, which he finds in his friendship with Clarisse and then in books. Again, this is a key theme for 1984 with the central protagonist realising how alone he is in his world and seeking companionship as an act of defiance against his world.

What two comments specifically infuriate Jem to the point that he can't control his temper in To Kill a Mockingbird?

    I believe that Jem may have lost his temper more than twice in the Harper Lee novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, but three examples are listed below.

MRS. DUBOSE.  Atticus forced Jem to read to the irritable Mrs. Dubose after he damaged her shrubs, and Jem eventually found it a tolerable experience. But one night Atticus is summoned to her house, and when he returns, he informs Jem that the old lady has died. She has remembered Jem, however, with a final gift: a box with a white camellia--a Snow-on-the-Mountain.

    Jem's eyes nearly popped out of his head. "Old hell-devil, old hell-devil!" he screamed, flinging it down. "Why can't she leave me alone?"

CEMENTING THE KNOTHOLE.  After receiving several groups of gifts in the knothole of the Radley tree, Jem and Scout decide to thank Boo with a note. But when he goes to deliver it the next morning, he finds that the hole has been cemented. When he asks Mr. Radley about it, Jem is told that the "Tree's dyin'. You plug 'em up with cement when they're sick." But when asked later, Atticus declares that the tree looks perfectly healthy.

    Atticus left us on the porch. Jem leaned on a pillar, rubbing his shoulders against it...
    He stood there until nightfall, and I waited for him. When we went into the house, I saw he had been crying...

THE VERDICT.  To Jem, it was plain that Tom Robinson was innocent and that Atticus had done his job well. But the jury thought differently.

    It was Jem's turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears...
    "It ain't right, Atticus," said Jem.
    "No, son, it's not right."  

Analyse whether the media makes a 'positive contribution' to the public's perception of science?Do the media - 1) Inform - Yes or No? - Why? 2)...

The media's contribution to the public's perception of science depends on the branch of science being discussed. Science that impinges on human outcomes stimulates debates and the media's approach to such topics definitely affects the public's perception. Case in point,  Paul Nowak writes,

In January, an Associated Press article about New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey signing a stem cell research bill, stated "Stem cells are produced in the first days of pregnancy and help create the human body."

The following day the Associated Press issued a "clarification" that offered the following correction: "The story should have explained that embryonic stem cells used for research are grown in a laboratory and do not involve pregnancy." The first article had already done the damage and readers formed their opinion based on that artitcle.

Another example of media not making a positive contribution to the public's perception of science is global warming. The media uses words like scientists claim which implies the scientific findings are not based on data but opinion. Often data is omitted from scientific articles or reports when presented in the media.

So, based on my experience with the media and its contribution to the public's perception of science is it does not leave a positive contributon. While some media outlets may make positive contributions, like Public Broadcasting Stations, and National Public Radio, these are few and far between, most media outlets do science a grave injustice.

Solve (a) (r - 9u)² (b) 4(a + b)(a - 2b)(b - a) Simplify (a) -12 (m+9) = 396 (b) 6u - 18 = 8u/40 - 3½ (c) 8c - 100 = -14c + 308

a) (r-9u)^2=r^2 - 2*9u*r + (9u)^2=

=(r^2)-18*(u*r) + 81*(u^2)

I have to metion that it was used the formula

(a-b)^2=a^2 - 2*a*b - b^2

b) For solving this relation, we have to re-write it, based on the property of commutativity of adding relation, so that (a+b) could be written as (b+a). The relation will become:

4(b+a)*(a-2b)*(b-a)

In this way, we could note that we have the development of squares difference: (b+a)*(b-a)=(b)^2-(a)^2

4(b+a)*(a-2b)*(b-a)=4[(b)^2-(a)^2]*(a-2b)=

We'll open the parenthesis and we'll have:

4[(b)^2-(a)^2]*(a-2b)=4a*b^2-8b^3-4a^3+8a^2*b

SIMPLIFY

a)-12(m+9)=396

We'll divide with (-12), the relation above:

(m+9)=(396/-12)

m+9=-33

m=-33-9

m=-42

b)6u-18=8u/40- 3(1/2)

First of all, we note that "8u/40" could be written as "8u/8*5", in order to simplify 8. The result will be "u/5".

Second of all, we'll write the terms with "u" in the left side of equal and the free terms on the right side:

6u-(u/5)=18-(7/2)

We'll find out the same denominator on the left side, which is 5, and we'll amplify "6u" with 5.

(5*6u-u)/5=18-(7/2)

We'll find out the same denominator on the right side, which is 2, and we'll amplify "18" with 2.

(30u-u)/5=(36-7)/2

29u/5=29/2

We could divide the relation with "29"

u/5=1/2

We'll cross multiplying:

2u=5

u=5/2

u=2.5

c)8c-100=-14c+308

As we've did at the point b), we'll write the terms with "u" in the left side of equal and the free terms on the right side:

8c+14c=308+100

22c=408

We could simplify with 2, because both 22 and 204 are divisible by 2:

11c=204

c=204/11

c=18.(54)

What is the difference between roasting and calcination on the basis of removal of impurities of an ore?i mean...which process removes volatile...

Extraction of metals from ore is  different, depending  by metal chemical combination. When ore is composed of carbon, it is subjected to an ignition in advance, for removing carbon dioxide, metals remaining so in the form of oxides, which are treated moreover as oxide ores.

Sulfide ores generally are subjected to a prior roasting, to remove sulfur (as sulfur dioxide) and processing sulphide to oxide.

In principle, the procedures for obtaining metals are divided into three methods:

1) by chemical reduction;

2) electrolysis;

3) thermal dissociation of combinations.

Electrolysis of aqueous solutions and melts.

Some metals are obtained easily from their combinations by means of electrolytic reduction. Electrolysis will be done in solutions or melts.

Metals which cannot decompose water can be separated from aqueous solutions by electrolytic way. These metals are arranged after hydrogen in the series of oxidation potentials. Among metals placed before hydrogen, only those with high voltage (Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn) may be obtained by electrolysis in a solution.

Mercury, with a high voltage is used as cathode in electrolysis of solutions of metal salts which decompose in water, such as alkali metals,with which forms amalgams.

Separation of metals by electrolysis of aqueous solutions is used mainly in metal purification technique.

Van Arkel and de Boer procedure allows obtaining of metals in very pure and compact state. It is based on the fact that volatile iodine of some metals  thermal dissociates,in  vacuum, at temperatures below the melting point of the metal.

Thus, if in formed iodine vapor  is introduced a tungsten wire, heated to a temperature of dissociation of iodide and the melting point of the metal, the metal deposited on the heated wire is forming crystals, while iodine diffuses into the surrounding space. Very thin tungsten filament inside the metal rod is not practically an formed impurity.

The method is applied to obtain the metals Ti, Zr, Hf, Th.

When Miss Maudie shows her disgust with "foot-washing Baptists," is she putting down all Baptists or a particular point of view?Harper Lee's "To...

In chapter V of "To Kill a Mockingbird," Miss Maudie speaks with Scout about people who "take the Bible literally" and those who misuse the words of the Bible:  "sometimes the Bible in the hand of one man is worse than a whiskey bottle in the hand of [a good man]."  Thus, the main point of Miss Maudie's attack is upon the hypocrisy of people who are themselves petty and uncharitable, unloving and mean, yet sanctimonious in their attitudes.  They accuse others of sinning when they themselves are not good Christians.  Like their Calvinist ancestors, whom Hawthorne portrayed in the Puritan colony of "The Scarlet Letter," the "foot-washing Baptists," whom Miss Maudie makes synonymous with sanctimonious hypocrites, simply hide their own sins, while presuming to pass judgment upon others.

In the South where this novel is set, the Baptist Church is very prevalent, and in a small town such as Maycomb, this religion would be the dominant one. Miss Maudie directs her criticism towards the "foot-washing Baptists" as religious extremists and representatives of the people who are sanctimonious, selecting certain literal words of the Bible that suit their intents. Miss Maudie is probably not as familiar with hypocrites of other faiths, either.

What are these changes and why do they cause the elders to fear for the younger generation and the future of the clan?

The greatest fear arises from the changes seen since the white missionaries moved into the area. The clan elders fear the loss of their cultural heritage, and are worried that the advent of Christianity will pull the younger generation from their religion and traditions. Uchendu is happy at the feast however; he says it is good for the younger generation to see a man like Okonkwo doing things in the grand old way. thus, even though Okonkwo was not as respectful as he should have been while staying with his mother's family, he represents someone who maintains the traditions of the village.

Uchendu expresses fear for the young people because they no longer know how to speak with one voice. Christianity, an abominable religion, has settled among them. He says that now a man can curse the gods and the ancestors; now a man can leave his father and brothers like a mad dog who suddenly turns on its master. The elders are fearful for the young people, and they thank Okonkwo for calling the family together. It is this breaking up (the "falling apart" of the title) that the elders most fear. And they have reason to fear it, it proves to affect their society in much the way they imagined.

Essentially, the impact of colonization is to break apart the Ibo societal structure. In some ways, this has negative effects: traditions are destroyed, and those who follow Ibo law are suddenly subject to British punishment. Many villagers die or remain in jail because of their adherence to their own rituals and traditions, rather than the recently imposed British structure. Religious conflict is brutal, and both villagers and missionaries die because of their inability to adapt to change.  Okonkwo demonstrates the worst that could happen to someone who is unable to transform when history forces change. His aggressive stance toward the missionaries brings about his own destruction.

Describe the roles of the major characters in As You Like It.

Duke Senior and Duke Frederick are brothers who have quarreled, with the younger one, Frederick, winning and banishing and exiling the elder one, Duke Senior, from his own dukedom. Duke Senior goes to Arden Forest to live among the woods and shepherds with men from his court who are loyal to him who follow and joining him there. Duke Frederick imposes himself as the ruler and keeps Duke Senior's daughter Rosalind with him at the castle because she is the dearest friend of his own daughter Celia. Finally, Frederick banishes Rosalind and Celia accompanies her. They take the court jester, Touchstone (whose wit reveals the true nature of people he converses with) with them to Arden Forest.

Oliver and Orlando are brothers who quarreled long, long ago and as a result Oliver has been horrible to Orlando his whole life, but Orlando has taught himself to be a great wrestler and wins a match against Duke Frederick's best wrestler, incurring Frederick's wrath and Oliver's greater wrath. To escape being killed, Orlando escapes with his faithful and old servant Adam and they flee together to Arden Forest.

In Arden Forest, Rosalind, Orlando, Touchstone, and others who live in the forest, develop deeper abilities and understanding of and trust in themselves. Oliver and Duke Frederick, who have come after Orlando, have epiphanies (spiritual awakenings) and change their lives for the better. Rosalind is reconciled with her father; Orlando receives the inheritance of his deceased father's estate; Duke Senior receives his dukedom back again because Duke Frederick renounces his power and becomes a Christian monk. Celia falls in love with Oliver and they stay in Arden to live and die as shepherds. Rosalind takes control, acts like the ruling princess she rightfully is, and all the right people marry all the right people.

The roles of the two sets of brothers are to show brothers at war with each other and the need for the harmony of resolution of enmity between brothers. The roles of the two female leads is to show the true authority and importance of women and to show the need for harmony in the ruling structure, as Rosalind represents her father Duke Senior and Celia represents her father Duke Frederick; Rosalind and her father are restored to authority and Celia and her father retire from ruling society, he to a monastery, and she to a shepherd's life.

How do I write a literature textbook citation?

Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.

Example:

Emerson, Ralph Waldo.  "Self-Relaince."  Elements of Literature, Fifth Course.  Ed. Probst, Robert E. New York: Holt, 2003.  213. Print.

Whats are some literary/rhetorical devices in "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"?

Clearly any given piece of literature is going to employ literary and rhetorical devices as part of their attempt to depict scenes and character, and this text is certainly no exception. In this incredibly rich text, the author asks us to imagine a supposedly perfect world, and then challenges us with its utilitarian manner of achieving that perfection, and asks us whether it is worth it. However, along the way, many literary terms are used in describing the kind of perfection of this city called Omelas. One of my favourites is a simile describing the priests and priestesses ready to "copulate" with anyone as part of their worship of the god of Omelas. Note how they are described:

Surely the beautiful nudes can just wander about, offering themselves like divine soufflés to the hunger of the needy and the rapture of the flesh.

The simile obviously strikes a wryly sardonic note at our need to imagine some kind of orgy to make this city more believable.

Consider too the imagery employed to help us picture the scene of the opening of the Festival of Summer:

A marvellous smell of cooking goes forth from the red and blue tents of the provisioners. The faces of small children amiably sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled... An old woman, small, fat, and laughing, is passing out flowers from a basket, and tall young men wear her flowers in their shining hair. A child of nine or ten sits at the edge of the crowd, alone, playing on a wooden flute.

Note how the author here combines as many of the five senses as possible to bring this scene to life and to help us as readers see, smell, hear, taste and touch the scene that she is bringing to life.

Hopefully these examples will help you to revisit the story yourself and find more literary and rhetorical devices of your own that you can comment on. Good luck!

How do you tell apart arachnids, insects, and crustaceans?

Arthropods are animals which have articulated limbs.
a) Arachnids
b) Crustaceans
c) MillipedeS
d) Insects
Ex.: Spider, cancer, millipede,ant,scorpio, crawfish, lobster
 General character of arthropods:
- Segmented body covered with an exo skeleton.
- Three or four pairs of Appendix  united among themselves.
- Muscles well developed, the link with exo skeleton.
- The body is divided into two (three at insect) main regions: cefalo thorax(insect - head and thorax) and abdomen.
 -Well developed Mouth.
- Specialized senses, highly developed.
- Circulatory system, open type.
-  Articulated limbs.
- Breathing through gills, trachea and pulmo-trachea.
Insects are the arthropods  most valued and most numerous (approximately one million species).
General characters of insects:
- The two pairs of wings.
- Oral apparatus.
- Metamorphosis is complete.

What are 5 questions in the novel "A Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Tracy Chevalier, that the author does not answer?

1.  Did Vermeer love Griet?  They had a rather special relationship, and it is obvious that he did give her special attention, but what were his true feelings?  Did he just think that she was pretty and that's it?  Did he just see her as a distraction from his harried life?  Chevalier doesn't let us get inside of his head to answer these questions--we just have to infer things based on the text.

2.  Did Griet's character really exist in life, and if so, how much of her relationship in the Vermeer household was fictional, and how much fact?  For example, did she indeed end up with the pearl earring at the end?

3.  What was Griet's future?  Did she do anything with her talent for art and her eye for colors?  Chevalier sets her up as a savy artist-in-training, but we never really know if she does anything with that in the future.

4. Was her sweetheart ever aware of her feelings for Vermeer?

5.  What were Griet's feelings for Vermeer exactly?  We know that she thought of him often, and was uncomfortable yet pleased by his attentions.  But did she think of him more?

These are all questions that Chevalier leads the reader to, but doesn't blatantly answer; instead, you are left to fill in the gaps using clues from the text, and your own imagination.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Who is Telemus in The Odyssey? What did he predict?

Telemus is the son of Eurymos, and he is a seer, a prophet. He landed on the island of the Cyclops' and lived out the rest of his days there. He prophesied that Polythemus would lose his sight at the hands of Odysseus.

When Odysseus lands on the island, he tells Polythemus his name is "Noman" or "No one" or "Nobody" (it varies with translation). After Odysseus blind Polythemus, he reveals his true identity. It is then that Polythemus speaks of Telemus.

`Cyclops, if anyone among mortal men should ask who put out your eye in this ugly fashion, say that the one who blinded you was Odysseus the city-sacker, son of Laertes and dweller in Ithaka.'
So I spoke. He groaned aloud as he answered me: Ah, it comes home to me at last, that oracle uttered long ago. We once had a prophet in our country, a truly great man called Telemos son of Eurymos, skilled in divining, living among the Kyklopes race as an aged seer. He told me all this as a thing that would later come to pass--that I was to lose my sight at the hands of one Odysseus. But I always thought that the man who came would be tall and handsome, visibly clothed with heroic strength; instead, it has been a puny and strengthless and despicable man who had taken my sight away from me after overpowering me with wine.

So although Polythemus is blind and cheated by Odysseus, he still manages a shot at Odysseus' appearance and personality. He seems to recognize that the hero's strength lies in thought, rather than physical prowess. Although, no one will argue Odysseus' physical strength either.

What are the negative and posative traits about elizabeth proctor?whats her character like posative and negative traits ?

Like her husband, Elizabeth is a very complex character with some very definable traits to her behavior.  She is truly devoted to her marriage and her husband.  Without a doubt, there is some level of credit she earns on this point.  At the same time, there was some fundamental reason why their marriage endured some struggles, and while this cannot be solely her fault, both she and her husband have to shoulder some level of blame for this, as John did pursue a relationship outside of their marriage.  She is very honest, but does lie on the stand in the pursuit of protecting her husband.  I am not sure if this is a negative trait, as she is resisting the encroaching force of an impure political body.

What are literary elements addressed in Tess of the D'Urbervilles?

Important literary elements in Tess of the D'Urbervilles are the pathetic fallacy, synesthesia, tragic irony, and omniscient narrative. A good starting point is examining the way Hardy's use of the omniscient point of view portrays Tess as a helpless victim of destiny, doomed to a tragic fate. Like Wessex, Tess is despoiled by the inevitable forces of history and progress.

FACTORISATION AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONQ1. Two numbers have a sum of 7 and the sum of their squares is 109. find the numbers. Q2. When a cricket ball...

Q1: Let's suppose that the 2 numbers are "a" and "b".

So a+b=7 and a^2 + b^2=109

But a^2 + b^2=(a+b)^2-2ab

So, a^2 + b^2=109 and a+b=7, that means that after subtitution: 109=7^2-2ab

109-49=-2ab

60=-2ab

ab=-30 and a+b=7+>a=7-b

We'll substitute a=7-b, into the product ab=-30

(7-b)*b=-30

7b-b^2-30=0

b^2-7b-30=0

b1=[7+sqrt(49-120)]/2=(7+13)/2=20/2=10

b2=[7-sqrt(49-120)]/2=(7-13)/2=-6/2=-3

So a1=7-b1=7-10=-3

a2=7-b2=7-(-3)=7+3=10

The system formed with the expression a+b=7, a^2+b^2=109 is known as symmetrical sustem, where the solution of the 2 unknown could be changed between them without affecting the system solution.

Q2: h=30t-5t^2

a) When h=0, the expression above becomes 0=30t-5t^2

We'll multiply the equation formed with the value (-1) and we'll re-write the equation.:

5t^2-30t =0

We've noted t as common factor and we'll use this in this way:

t(5t-30)=0, knowing that a product of 2 factors which is equal to 0, one of the 2 factors is 0.

So, t=0, or

5t-30=0

t-6=0

t=6

b) When h=25, 30t-5t^2 = 25

30t-5t^2- 25=0

We'll divide the expression with 5

6t - 5t^2 - 5=0

We'll multiply the expression with (-1)

5t^2-6t+5=0,

As we can see, the expression above is always bigger than the value 0, and never 0, for any value of t. The estimation was made based on fact that delta=(-6)^2+4*5*5<0.

In terms of graphics, the expression  5t^2-6t+5=0, represents a curve with parabolic shape (due to the second grade of the equation), this curve being placed all the above of the ox axis, never intersecting it, for any values of t!

Detailed study of "Ode on a Grecian Urn".

On the surface, this poem seems to be about the nature of art.   Keats says profound things about the nature of the plastic, visual arts, and their status of being outside of time.

Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard
     Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;
Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,
     Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone: (lines 11-14)

How strange that seems!  To not enjoy the actual sound of the music, but to contemplate the eternal depiction of it, is sweeter to the poet.  This sort of denied gratification, this restraint as represented by the painting on the urn ("Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness") would appeal to the philosopher or the poet, or perhaps the connoisseur, but to the casual observer it seems a bit illogical.  Why is the fact that the piper can play on forever, metaphorically, somehow better than hearing a real piper?  Keats doesn't mean this literally, I believe; he is showing us the nature of the art, and its beauties, but also the importance of immediate experience.  Yes, the urn is beautiful, but the scene of the running maiden, the piper, the lover, the empty town, etc., is mute, and separate, and outside of our time.  It can teach us about beauty and truth, but it is outside of our temporal life, because it has endured so long and will endure long after the people looking at it are gone.

Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought
As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!
     When old age shall this generation waste,
     Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
     Than ours

So does Keats love the vase, or not?  He certainly appreciates its beauty, but he is also warning against the lures and temptations of art (especially material, visual art).  Yes, we can learn beauty and truth from this vase, he is saying, but it is not the same as living the life it depicts; it is not hearing the pipes, running like a "leaf-fringed legend", or attending the altar with the townspeople.  It is merely a depiction of what the beauty of the world can be, but it is not the attainment of it.  This is expressed in the second stanza

Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave
     Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;
     Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss
     Though winning near the goal—yet, do not
          grieve;
     She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,
     For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!
 

This set of lines shows the beauty of the scene, but also the emptiness of the depiction of art.  It is important, I think he is saying, to remember that this is not any kind of reality; the depiction of the events shows us the beauty, but not the reality of the moments (because it is outside of time).  The lover can never kiss; we can look at this bit of truth and beauty, but the ultimate goal can never be attained. 

This poem, while beautiful in prosody and content, is really a rather solemn meditation on the brevity of life and the limits of artistic experience.  Though the ending lines seem very final and profound, "Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty,"—that is all/Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know" it is clear that this vase, which is a "friend to man", can only teach us about beauty and truth.  This is not the same as living beauty and truth, and "knowing" is not everything.  It's a celebration of the art, but also a mindfulness of its limitations, that makes this poem bittersweet.

For what values of k is x^2+kx+9> and equals to 0?

Solve for k for which  x^2+kx+9> and equals to 0?

Solution:

x^2+kx+9  = y(x)>=0  implies

y(x) = [(x+k/2)^2]-k^2/4+9  should be >=0

=> [(x+k/2)^2]+(-k^2/4+9)  >=0

But (x+k/2)^2 is always >=9 as it is the square of a real value. Therefore, the other part -k^2/4+9 needs to be >= 0 or  -k^2+36 needs to be 0 or psitive  for y(x) to be positive.

=> k^2  needs to be less than or equal to 36.

Therefore, the value of  k should  lie between -6 and 6 or -6<=k<=6 in order that the expression, x^2+kx+9 is positive always or for all values of x.

Is William Blake a pantheist? Prove with illustrations from his works.

Yes. William Blake is a known pantheist. As you know, a Pantheist is person who holds to the metaphysical argument that God is everything around us, and not a separate entity for which we need to build a specific path to encounter.

As part of the Romantic Pantheist movement, Blake is also joined by Coleridge, Wordsworth, even Virgil, and many more.

The evidence of his believes lays in several of his works, namely in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, and The Lamb.

In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell the elements of pantheism are evident in the mention of "Energy"  as a form of entity that is ever-present and forever will be. "Energy" would be a way for a panthesis to define what judeo-christians would define as "God". A Pantheist, however, does not view God as a separate being.

Energy is the only life, and is from the Body; and Reason is the bound or outward circumference of Energy. Energy is eternal delight . . .
Eternity is in love with the productions of time.
God only Acts and Is, in existing beings or Men.

Another poem, The Lamb, though might seem like a Christian poem for its combination of Judeo Christian symbolism, in fact is more of a broader view of religion using common symbols to refer to that which is one and all.  The fact that he used christian symbols in The Lamb was part of his Romantic perspective as a poet. In Romantic literature symbolism of all kinds is a broadly-used technique, and does not constitute labeling.

A separate aspect of Romanticism is the connection to nature and the embodiment of the "all is one" of Pantheism. In the poem Ah, Sunflower this is also evydent as well as the bucolic nostaligia so typical of Romantics:

Ah Sunflower, weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the sun;
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveler's journey is done.

What are specific ways in which pagan and Christian elements are interwoven in Beowulf?

There are components of both pagan and Christian elements in the epic poem Beowulf. Christianity is mentioned within the very first part of the poem, when the narrator is discussing the history of the Danes:

"Shield had a son,/child for his yard, sent by God to comfort the people,to keep them from fear / Grain was his name; / he was famous throughout the North."

Then, a bit later, when Grendel, the villain, is introduced, the narrator states:

"He was of a race of monsters/exiled from mankind by God/He was of the race of Cain,/that man punished for murdering his brother."

Cain and Abel were brothers in the Bible; Caine murdered his brother Abel out of jealousy, thinking that God liked Abel better.

We also see pagan elements in the work, not only in the fighting/warrior society that Beowulf is living in, but also in the idea of fate. In the poem Beowulf states:

"If battle takes me,/send this best of war garments,/this shirt of mail,to Hygelac--/it is an inheritance from Hrethel/and the work of Weland. Fate always goes as it will!"

Beowulf also brags about the fact that FATE was in his own hands when he tells Unferth of his battles with the sea monsters:

"I saw cliffs, the windy/walls of the sea./Fate often saves an undoomed man if his courage holds./Anyway, with my sword/I slew nine sea monsters."

They also speak about the old warrior traditions in pagan society:

"Sometimes a king's man, a warrior/covered in glory who knew/the old traditions, would be/reminded of an ancient song,/and he would call up words adorned/in truth. The man would think/of Beowulf's deeds and quickly/compose a skillful tale in words."

Yet Hrothgar, even though a king and warrior, still speaks of Christianity through God:

"For this sight I give thanks to the Almighty./I have suffered much/from Grendel's scourge./God, the glorious protector,/works wonder after wonder."

So as you can see, pagan and Christian elements run throughout the poem in various parts and through various characters.

Can anybody help me and write a few quotes from Macbeth about the responsibility of Duncans murder?

Well, you can have a good look at these excerpts:

a) "..........why do I yield to that suggestion

Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair

And make my seated heart knock at my ribs

Against the use of nature?" (Macbeth) [act1 sc.3]

b) "                The raven himself is hoarse

That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan

Under my battlements." (Lady Macbeth) [act1 sc.5]

c)  " .............He's here in double trust.

First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,

Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,

Who should against his murderer shut the door,

Not bear the knife myself." (Macbeth) [act1 sc.7]

d)  "                 When Duncan is asleep--

......................his two chamberlains

Will I with wine and wassail so convince,

That memory shall be fume..................

What cannot you and I perform upon

The unguarded Duncan?" (Lady Macbeth) [act1 sc.7]

e)  " There's daggers in men's smiles: the near in blood,

The nearer bloody." (Donalbain) [act2 sc.3]

f)  " Thou hast it now: King, Cawdor, Glamis, all,

As the weird women promis'd, and I fear

Thou play'dst most foully for 't." (Banquo) [act3 sc.1]

Hopefully, you can find many more.

Name two human rituals that the animals use to celebrate their victory over Mr. and Mrs. Jones in Animal Farm.

Unlike the above answer, I thought the question referred to the animals' celebration of their "victory" in the Battle of the Windmill.  I'm answering on that basis.

The animals fire a gun and conduct a funeral procession, complete with more firing of the gun, speeches and songs.

It is, of course, ironic that the animals celebrate with human rituals.  But what's really ironic in this episode is the fact that the animals are celebrating at all.

They say they've won a victory, but in truth, they've lost.  The windmill they worked so hard to build is gone.

So what's really important here is that this is further proof of how Napoleon bends the truth to keep control of the farm.

In Speak, how do the places where Melinda goes to avoid being "in school" benefit her (in her view)?

Melinda seeks places that will allow her to be anonymous. She finds the old unused janitor's closet and makes it her hideout.  When she first enters it, she recognizes that no one has used it for years; so it is a place of safety and anonymity for her. As the school year progresses, the closet also allows Melinda to express her inner changes (through her display of trees and the items that she uses to decorate her space).

When Melinda actually skips school, she goes to the mall, the hospital, and eventually back to the scene of her rape. The first two locations provide safety in numbers while providing her with the opportunity to hide in public.  Specifically, the mall allows her to be somewhat physically close to her mom since her mom works there but does not require her to be emotionally close to her mom.The hospital provides her withsome solace because she knows that she needs help and thinks thatby being in a place that helps people she might glean some assistance. Both of these locations illustrate her silent cries for help.

Finally, by Melinda going back to the tree near where she was raped, she gains strength. She acknowledges what happened to her and how she has changed since the summer. After this visit, she relinquishes her anonymity.

Describe where Gredel lives and the nature of his origins?

For twelve years, before encountering Beowulf, the monster Grendel had been embroiled in a war with humans. Before that, as a young monster, Grendel lived in a cave in a marsh with his mother who gave up language long ago. Their cave is at the edge of civilization but Grendel swims a lake of firesnakes and, on the other side, encounters the human world. Being a nearly immortal monster, Grendel watches the historic parade of mankind as it grows and changes and Hrothgar of the Danes becomes king.

The words in the original manuscript that describe Grendel and his mother are variations on roots used to mean wolf. According to linguists, wolf has the meaning of an animal and a second meaning on an outlaw who has committed a crime of such a nature that it puts the individual beyond forgiveness or redemption. A second root has the meaning of demon. Both these together paint the picture of Grendel as an outlaw with an animal nature who is a nearly immortal demon.

For more information on the linguistics pertaining to Grendel, read Grendel on monstropedia.org

What are some of the human rights issues or injustices that are portrayed in The Kite Runner?

There are lot of human rights issues and injustices. Here are a few of them.

1. Mistreatment of women. They are dehumanized. Remember the scene when one of the soldiers was going to take advantage of the women, before the protagonist's father stepped in and defended her.

2. People's property were taken away by the local militia for their own gain with no punishment.

3. People were killed with little thought of life or death.

4. Religious oppression towards people who did not believe in what the local powers believed.

What does Grim tell Max that Killer Kane is in Freak the Mighty?

In Chapter 21 of Rodman Philbrick's teen novel, Freak the Mighty, Max's grandfather explains to the boy that Killer Kane was " 'an accident of nature.' " Grandfather Grim tells Max that all he got from his father was " 'your looks and your size.' " Max's positive qualities--particularly his good heartedness--came from his mother, who was murdered at the hands of Max's father, Killer Kane. In Chapter One, Max overhears his grandparents whispering about his father--how "Maxwell was getting to look like Him"; how Max "is like him"; and how Grim and Gram need to "watch out, you never know what he might do while we're sleeping." Perhaps most importantly, Grim warns Max to stay in the house while his father is on the loose.

What features of Elphberg, Prince Rudolf, are possessed by Rudolf Rassendyll in The Prisoner of Zenda?

Rudolf Rassendyll, in the lineage of the distinguished Burlesdon family, shared three features with the supposed unrelated Rudolf the Third of Ruritania, which is the Elphberg's lineage. The Elphberg's have been identified for time immemorial by their long, straight sharp noses and by their masses of dark-red hair. All scandal involving the beautiful wife of Lord Burlesdon of 1733 and the visiting aforementioned Prince Rudolf aside for the moment, the picture galleries of the long line of Burlesdons feature dark eyes and hair that is anything but red, dark or otherwise, except for a half dozen individuals who have long, sharp straight noses and luxurious heads of dark-red hair. Rudolf Rassendyll prides himself on the fact that he also shares the Elphberg traits of dark-red hair and a long, sharp straight nose. On top of which he and the scandalous Price Rudolf of earlier infamy (the scandal will out) share the name Rudolf.

List and explain the types of decision.

Decision can be classified in different types according to several ways. One of the most common ways of classifying decision is based on the scope and impact of the decision on the working of an organization or firm. In this type of classification of decision, the decision are thought arranged in a hierarchical fashion, in which the highest level decisions cover the working and influence the performance of the entire enterprise. This overall plan is then further elaborated, in the next level of plans, into several separate plans covering major organizational units or groups of activities of the company. In this way there can be several levels of detailing of decision or plans, till the most detailed decisions are covered.

As per this scheme we can classify decisions or plans in following levels arranged sequentially.

1. Company objectives and policies including its mission and vision. This involves identifying the basic propose for existence of the enterprise, what route or atctivities will be undertaken to achieve these objectives, and what policies and ethical principle will be considered sacrosanct by the organization and will be followed in face of difficulties.


2. Strategic Plans: This includes plans covering long range targets and activities of the organization as a whole.


3. Business unit plan: This will cover the overall activities of different business units within a firm.


4. Departmental plans: These will cover decision of individual departments within independent business units. These department could be organized as per functional classification such as design, production, and marketing, or may be organize d in some other way such as product wise, or market segment wise.


5. Operational plans: These covers detailed planning and scheduling to guide the and direct the activities of the operational activities. For example a manufacturing plan may have separate plans to covers operations like material procurement, component production, assembly and dispatch of finished products, and maintenance program for the plant and equipment.


6. Work schedules: These are most detailed day to day plan identifying action to be taken at the levels of individual equipment, component, operator, or other similar resource units.


7. Work instruction: These is in the form of instructions to individual operator on work to be performed. This can be in form of formal documents such as a job card, or can be formal.


8. Day to day problem solving: These decisions are taken by individuals in response to problems faced in execution of work as per work instruction. When the problems can not be solves at lower levels, it becomes necessary to escalate this decision to higher level of decisions.

What are three of Tessie Hutchinson's character traits from "The Lottery"?

1.  Tessie is somewhat of a "rebel."  She arrives at the lottery later than anyone else and claims that she forgot what day it was, and that it was only when she recognized that her husband and children were missing that she remembered. Tessie's excuse does not seem genuine, but the crowd seems to humor her and be slightly intimidated by her. The reader can see from Tessie's entrance, that she is not one to easily follow others.

2.  Tessie is "dominating." She is obviously the "head" of her household, and even when the men are told to represent their families by drawing, Tessie orders her husband to do so before he has an opportunity to move.  She says,

" 'Get up there, Bill.' "

and the crowd laughs at her.  Similarly, when the crowd discovers that the Hutchinsons drew the marked piece, Bill stands there quietly and subdued, while Tessie's automatic reaction is to shout and protest. 

3.  Finally, Tessie's reaction to her family being chosen and ultimately her name being attached to the marked paper illustrates her self-centeredness.  At first, she wants to lessen her chances of being stoned by adding her daughter and son-in-law into the drawing, indicating that she would rather her daughter die instead of her. She seems to think that anyone, including members of her own family, deserve to die before she does.  Even as she is being stoned, she protests the "unfairness" of the drawing but does not say final good-byes or show any concern for the children she is leaving motherless.

In "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" what sort of world does this story imagine?

This story is set around 1730, prior to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, between the American colonists and the British Crown.

The world Hawthorne imagines is one free of the constraints placed upon the colonial people.  This would have included taxes on daily necessities like sugar, tea, tobacco, etc.  (The high and wide-reaching taxation was in place to help England pay for debts incurred during the French and Indian (Seven Years) War.)

As time passed, and more and more things were taxed, the colonists became more frustrated and enraged.  This would have been the motivation behind the hate expressed to Robin at the mention of his uncle's name.  This would also explain the appearance of Major Molineaux, tarred and feathered, on his way out of town in the hands of an angry mob.

Robin has come to know that the world is so much larger than he had imagined.  First, he is obviously unaware of the political climate in the colonies, perhaps because he is from an outlying location.

However, he is also caught up in his own perceptions of the world because of his isolation: when the people he meets become angry at the mention of his uncle's name, he excuses their behavior, blaming it on their country manners or his lack of money.

His naivete is obvious when the prostitute (woman in scarlet petticoat) tries to lure him into her house, and once again when he sees his uncle's ill-treatment, and laughs along with the rest of the crowd, louder than they perhaps because he doesn't know how else to respond.

Perceiving that everyone he has met since arriving in the city may be Robin's epiphany of what he did not know of the world, and now what he does know after seeing his uncle.

When Robin tries to leave town, the man he met in the crowd will not give him directions, believing that even without his uncle's help, Robin can still make a life for himself in the city.

Perhaps Robin is learning that knowledge of the world changes you, and you can never go back, but must make do with what you have to work with.

What are the 5 essential plot elements to "The Devil and Tom Walker"?

1. Tom Walker and his wife hate each other and share the vice of greed.

2. Tom meets Old Scratch (the devil) in the forest, and the devil offers to make Tom rich if he will barter away his soul for the devil's service.

3. When Tom refuses the devil's offer, his wife becomes angry with him, arranges her own meeting with the devil, and is subsequently "taken" by the devil, never to be seen again.

4. After Tom discovers his wife's fate, he goes through with the deal with the devil and becomes a usurer (someone who charges extreme interest for loans; similar to a cash advance business in today's society), enslaving people to himself and the devil because of their money problems and making himself incredibly wealthy in the process.

5. As Tom nears the end of his life, he begins to fear upholding his end of the bargain; so he becomes religious but all to no avail, for a mysterious figure arrives at Tom's doorstep and whisks him away presumably to Old Scratch's dark domain.

What is the climax and the conflict of tears, idle tears by Elizabeth Bowen?

The conflict is the unrequited love of the boy. Of course his mother should love him but she cannot. Bowen used detailed descriptions of the natural world, in the park, to mirror the relationship between the mother and child:

“Poplars stood up like delicate green brooms; diaphanous willows whose weeping was not shocking quivered over the lake. May sun spattered gold through the breezy trees; the tulips though falling open were still gay; three girls in a long boat shot under the bridge.”

The weeping of the willows was not shocking represents how the mother is untouched by her son's emotions. The two additional sentences "May sun splattered..." above show how the world goes on, even when one person is suffering intensely. This is Bowen's understanding of human suffering. It is spiritual because we do it alone. Always when one suffers, it is alone.

Of course, the reader can understand why the child is sad. His father died. And his mother is not kind or understanding of him.

The climax is when climbs over the fence and goes after the duck. Here the reader thinks he will meet with danger. He doesn't however. Instead, he meets the woman on the park bench and how her simple attention to him gives him hope. At the end of the story we can see that Fredrick has fond memories of when he tried to catch the duck. Even though he cannot remember the woman. Was she real?, the reader might ask. Because if she were real why didn't Fredrick's mother enquire about the apple ? Like "where did you get that apple ?"

The title of the story comes from Tennyson. It is about divine sorrow. It is also about not understanding our feelings. In the story the woman on the bench realizes that he knows something, more than he should. Here, Bowen is referring to a spiritual kind of "knowing". The child is aware of his sorrow and is grieving, even though his mother is unaware. After the woman on the bench reflected back to him his own  self worth, he was better.

This is the resolution.

What are different reasons people have for going to the courthouse to watch the trial? (Rev. Sykes, townsfolk, African-Americans, Miss Stephanie)

Most of the town of Maycomb turns out for the rape trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. Curiosity is probably the biggest draw for most--people like X Billups, Mr. Tensaw Jones, Miss Emily Davis, Mr. Byron Waller, Mr. Jack Slade and the Mennonites, .

Miss Maudie refuses to go because "t's morbid." Miss Stephanie actually claims to be going "to the Jitney Jungle."

    Miss Maudie said she'd never seen Miss Stephanie go to the Jitney Jungle in a hat in her life.
    "Well," said Miss Stephanie, "I thought I might just look in at the courthouse, to see what Atticus's up to."

The Negoes who fill the upper balconies are there to show their support for Tom. Jem, Scout and Dill show up to see Atticus in action. And no one seems to know why Dolphus Raymond remains outside.

What criteria do the two sisters use to judge each others' lives according to the story titled, "How much land does a man need?" by Leo Tolstoy?

This fascinating short story starts off with the discussion of the two sisters, that propels the protagonist, Pahom, to make his foolish wish and leads the Devil to test him as a human by fulfilling his wishes and (supposedly) making him happy.

The discussion that the two sisters have is based around their living situations. As is said in the first paragraph:

The elder was married to a tradesman in town, the younger to a tradesman in the village.

This difference in living situation causes the sister who lives in the town to boast about the advantages of town life, mentioning their living standards and the entertainments not available in the countryside. The sister from the country then states that the peasants' life, although perhaps harder and more menotonous, is safer, as it is more secure and they do not risk losing everything.

It is when Pahom overhears this debate that we see he agrees with his wife's point of view, but then is lead to wish for more land to make his life and his family's life more secure. And so the tale begins...

Is their going to be another book after "Breaking Dawn" in the Twilight series?At the end of "Breaking Dawn" it said the saga continues....

According to Stephanie Meyer, author of the series, "Breaking Dawn" is the last in the four book series.  As for the line saying "the saga continues," well, she must mean in your own mind : )

So is she sure she won't write another Twilight book?  Who can say.  The series has sold millions and millions of copies for the publisher, "Hattchette Book Group," and that kind of money can be very tempting to an author (or anybody.)  She has obviously made enough money to live on for the rest of her life, but the demands from a publisher to continue a "cash cow" like the Twilight series can be hard to resist.

My guess is that Ms. Meyer will write a new novel that is unrelated to the Twilight books in the near future.  How successful that book is will determine whether she goes back for another set of Twilight books.  Think about George Lucas and Star Wars...he keeps coming back to it because that is what he is good at and that's what his fans want (and it makes him a boat-load of cash.)  The real trick will be to see if Meyer can write something else that fans will accept (in the way that Stephen King fans accepted the end of the Gunslinger books) or whether she will be forced back into her box.

Of course, like in the case of the Gunslinger books, there is the chance of the series continuing in other ways.  For example, even though King does not make the Gunslinger series anymore, he oversees a Marvel graphic novel story line that fills in some of the character's backstories.  You could very well see something like that working with twilight in the future.

How does Atticus explain to Scout why he has decided to defend Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird?What's Scout's reaction?

Atticus has many reasons for deciding to defend Tom Robinson in Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, but "the main one is, if I didn't I couldn't hold my head up in this town." Scout has nearly found herself fighting again, this time with Cecil Jacobs over his claim that Atticus "defended niggers." So, Scout asks Atticus directly. After scolding her not to use the "N" word--"That's common"--he explains why he has undertaken the unpopular decision to defend Robinson, a black man, at his trial for raping a white woman.

"I couldn't represent this county in the legislature, I couldn't even tell you or Jem not to do something again... I could never ask you to mind me again... every lawyer gets at least one case in his lifetime that affects him personally. This one's mine, I guess."

Scout also discovers on the day of the trial that Atticus did not volunteer to defend Tom: He was asked by Judge Taylor himself.

Briefly summarrize what Parson Elder told Johnny in Light in the Forest.Chapters 9-11

Parson Elder gently but firmly exhorts Johnny to adapt to the white man's ways.

Parson Elder begins his exchange with Johnny by suggesting he be obedient to his white family.  Aunt Kate has offered him some whiskey as a social gesture, and Johnny has refused, citing how his Indian father has told him that white men give Indians rum to get them drunk and take advantage of them.  The Parson acknowledges that this may be true in some cases, but that he has never seen it himself, and that in this situation, "it's just sociable".  When Johnny goes on to accuse the Parson of wanting him to adopt the Christian faith, the older man says that he does indeed hope that the boy will come to "believe certain things that are good for (his) soul".  Johnny then hotly points out that it is the so-called Christian white men who teach the Indians to swear, and, in his most telling blow, brings up the massacre of the Conestogo, which was perpetrated by Peshtank men led by the Parson himself.  The Parson is obviously troubled by this, and admits that his men had gotten out of hand, and offers the flimsy excuse that they would have killed his favorite horse if he had continued to insist that they disperse.  Johnny points out rightly that it would have been better for the Parson's horse to have been killed than Indian children.

In a "powerful and self-restrained" manner, Parson Elder then explains to Johnny that both white men and Indians have committed atrocities against each other, even though Johnny believes that Indians only fight honorable in battle, and never take the scalps of children.  The Parson continues to talk

"with strong earnestness...of the brotherhood of man and the duties of Christians, red and white, to each other...ask(ing) no questions...(and) mak(ing) no provocative statements...(but) brook(ing) no interruption".

He closes with a "fervent prayer", and then dismisses Johnny (Chapter 9).

What are the internal and external conflicts that Andy faces in Tears Of A Tiger?I'd also like to ask if you could include how he is affected and...

Andy's internal conflict is guilt.  He was the cause of Robbie's death.  He lived and Rob died.  He feels that Rob had more potential on the basketball court and in the classroom than he did and that he should have been the one who died.  He also doesn't feel that the punishment is enough. He says "I ended up gettin' my license revoked until I'm twenty-one and a two year suspended sentence.  Even I thought it was a real easy sentence, maybe too easy..... Shouldn't I have been sent to jail or somethin'?" (pg 27) Andy is consumed with guilt, and it leads to his final decision to take his own life.

Andy's external conflicts are many.  He has a conflict with his parents.  They just want him to get passed this episode in his life and move on. He can't do that.  He has a conflict with his father because he feels that his father is not acting as a black man but as a black man trying to be white.  His father feels that he has done the best he could in the society in which he was raised.  Andy has a conflict with his mother because he sees her as a social climber who doesn't have any time for her family and is unaware of what is going on with him.  He feels that Rob's parents know more about him than she does.  He emphasizes that when he tells her the story of the time he almost died at the beach.  Andy has a conflict with the kids at school because some of them blame him for Rob's death.  His true friends understand or, at least, try to understand.  He tells the psychologist of the notes taped to his locker that said "Killer" and the fact that some of the kids can't look him in the face. (pg 44)  He has a conflict with his teachers because they want him to move on and do well in his studies so that he can succeed in college.  He doesn't care about that.  They are looking to the future, and he cannot see any future.  He even tells that to Keisha. He has a conflict with Keisha because she wants him to move on, and he just cries and moans about Rob.  She writes in her diary, "I am tired of all this depressing stuff.  I miss Robbie too, but Andy can't seem to get over it, and I'm the only one who knows it." 

After Andy commits suicide, his friends react with anger.  BJ says "Robbie's death was an accident, but what you did --- it just don't make no sense to me. " (pg 172)

 Gerald said, "You are a coward and a sellout.....You deserted your friends and family, the people who love you the most.  .... Brave men face their problems." (pg 173)

Rhonda asks, "What were you thinking?  Who did you think would find you?" (pg 174)  She was there when his mother found Andy's body. 

Keisha wrote, " Nobody understands why you decided to end your life when you had so much to live for.  So you're out of it and we have to stay here, feeling your pain as well as our own.  It really isn't fair, you know." (pg 176)

The page numbers are for my edition of the book, but they should be close, and the last ones are at the end of the book when the students write letters to Andy. 

Walton says he is a romantic. What is a romantic person like?Textual evedence would be nice. please

The above answer is quite accurate, but Walton's Romantic nature is revealed in other ways as well. Frankenstein is not revealed as Walton's "nemesis" but rather as the one friend Walton finds on the the sea. In his letters, it is clear that Walton is quite lonely. He tells his sister that the one thing missing in his life is a friend, a companion with whom he can share his achievements. Of course, one might think that Walton would sympathize with the creature in such a case, as the creature suffers from crippling loneliness as well. Instead, Walton finds sympathy for the man Frankenstein, & is just as repulsed by the creature as everyone else in the tale. Yet the captain is still Romantic by nature; even his recollection of the first mate's failed love affair reflects a Romantic world view.

Also, Walton reveals his Romantic nature by his attachment to art. He states that in his youth he desired to be a poet, which could be considered a reference to Shelley's husband and their circle of Romantic poet colleagues. Yet the sea continued to call to Walton, & so he chose the life of an explorer, which, as the previous poster mentioned, is Romantic in itself. Finally, he liberally quotes from "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." You wouldn't exactly expect a hard-bitten sailor to spout off poetry, but Walton is not your typical sailor. Coleridge too was a Romantic poet, & a friend of Shelley's father. Hearing him recite that poem when she was 8 may have greatly inspired Frankenstein. Whether it did or not, it's clear that her Romantic influences helped create thee character of Walton.

Were the entire nobility alienated from Macbeth? What were his desperate acts that left him friendless ?this is a question from Macbeth written...

What is clear from the play is that as the action of the play progresses Macbeth alienates more and more of his Lords through his tyranny. The first hint of dissent we can identify is in Act II scene 4, where, depending on how you play it, Macduff clearly suspects Macbeth of having an involvement in the regicide of Duncan and refuses to go to his coronation. Act III scene 4, with the appearing of Banquo's "ghost", clearly would unsettle those supporting Macbeth, and likewise in Act III scene 6 we see strongly veiled hints that Lenox is suspecting Macbeth as well, as he identifies that under Macbeth, Scotland is suffering:

Some holy Angel

Fly to the court of England, and unfold

His message ere he come, that a swift blessing

May soon return to this our suffering country

Under a hand accurs'd!

Act IV scene 2 features one of Macbeth's most notorious desperate acts, when he organises the slaughter of Macduff's wife and children - poignantly shown on stage (in comparison to Duncan's murder which was off stage) to exacerbate the severity of the crime. Note how the dialogue between Lady Macduff and her son really endears them to us before their slaughter.

Then in Act IV scene 3, Rosse describes Scotland under Macbeth:

Alas, poor country!

Almost afraid to know itself. It cannot

Be call'd our mother, but our grave; where nothing,

But who knows nothing, is once seen to smile;

Where sighs, and groans, and shrieks that rent the air

Are made, not mark'd; where violent sorrow seems

A modern ecstasy: the dead man's knell

Is there scarce ask'd for who...

Clearly the effects of Macbeth's rule are detrimental, as recognised by a number of characters. In Act V scene 3, we are presented with a resolute Macbeth, who says:

Bring me nor more reports; let them fly all

Obviously a number of lords and soldiers have been defecting from him as a result of his despotism but also the oncoming invasion. The Polanski version of the film pictures this desertion wonderfully with Macbeth being left alone to defend his castle, "safe" in the knowledge that none of woman born can slay him.

Explain bias.

I can see that you are a person of few words. Bias is anything that slants you towards something. It can be a preconceived notion about something that influences you, or it can be the way you grew up, or your personal preferences, or your historical situatedness. Anything and everything touches upon biases. For example, I am a man. Therefore, I have a male bias. I am an American. So, I am an American bias. I am an person who grew up in the 80's. So, I have an 80's bias. I love to read history. So, I have a bias towards history. The list goes on. So, I think it is most honest to divulge your biases and know that you have them. In fact, all people have them.

In Midsummer Night's Dream, what is the signifigance of the play within the play?

The 'play within a play' is simultaneously an example of intertextuality and metatheatre. As such it impacts the audience /readers in a very subtle  manner.

Intertextuality: When the main play begins it looks as though it is going to end as a tragedy (Hermia will be executed if she does not obey her father and marry Demetrius). This is immediately underscored in the very next scene itself-Bottom and his company choose a tragedy to be enacted to celebrate Theseus' wedding. But the way they go about rehearsing the play is farcical and the audience/readers  immediately realise Shakespeare's comic intentions.The intertext which has been borrowed from Ovid would have been familiar to Shakespeare's Renaissance audience which would have immediately seen the parallel connection to the main story of the play: parental opposition to romantic love.

Pyramus and Thisby were two lovers living in adjacent houses. Their parents are opposed to their weding and they die under tragic circumstances.

Metatheatre: The discussions of how exactly the story is to be adapted to the actual performance on Theseus' wedding day[ActI sc.2] clearly expresses the unlikeness of art to life and the mysterious likeness of life to art itself. It begs the question does art reflect life or does life reflect art? Shakespeare thus uses the intertext to contrast art and life.

Most importantly all of us play different roles in life and we have multiple identities. Acting in a play is an expression of an individual's (Bottom) strong desire to  take on another  identity atleast for a short while.

At the end of the play Bottom and his friends are given an opportunity to present their play although Philostrate does his best to dissuade Theseus from viewing it. Theseus' magnanimity is evident in the following lines:

"I will hear that play;
For never anything can be amiss,
When simpleness and duty tender it..........

The kinder we, to give them thanks for nothing.
Our sport shall be to take what they mistake:
And what poor duty cannot do, noble respect
Takes it in might, not merit."

It would be an understatement to say that the performance of the tragedy of "Pyramus and Thisbe" by Bottom and his "hard-handed men that work in Athens here,/which never labour'd in their minds till now," was amateurish. The tragedy which is presented at the end of a comedy after the play has ended happily with the marriage of three couples, is performed in a farcical manner in keeping with the spirit of midsummer gaiety

Please explain Calpurnia's dream in Act II, Sc.2 of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar?

Calpurnia, Caesar's wife appears only once in the play in Act II Sc.2. She is presented as a very troubled and anxious lady deeply concerned about the safety of her husband. She pleads with Caesar not to go to the Senate because there have been reports of very bizarre happenings in Rome and she herself has had  a terrible dream. Just then Decius arrives to accompany him to the Senate, and Caesar narrates to him Calpurnia's dream and tells him that he won't be coming to the senate:

"Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home;
She dreamt tonight she saw my statue,
Which like a fountain with an hundred spouts,
Did run pure blood, and many lusty Romans
Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it.
And these does she apply for warnings and portents
And evils imminent, and on her knee 
Hath begg'd that I will stay at home today."

Calpurnia foresaw in her dream the assasination of Julius Caesar. She saw in her dream the statue of Julius Caesar being transformed into a fountain from which spouted not water, but blood and the Roman citizens smilingly washing their hands in his blood.

Inspite of Calpurnia's brief appearance, her role and character are important because:

1. To contrast the private, domestic life of Caesar with his public political life: Caesar makes his first appearance on the stage in a "nightdress" and the very first lines that Caesar utters refer to his wife, "Thrice hath Calpurnia in her sleep cried out/'Help ho! they murder Caesar." From the beginning of the play till now all that we have heard about Caesar relates to his warrior like and statesman like qualities. But, Shakespeare foregrounds his first appearance on the stage by presenting him as a worried and anxious husband who is ready to please her initially by agreeing not to go to the Senate,"and for thy humour I will stay at home."

2.To contrast fate and human will: Calpurnia's  intuitive fears,"O Caesar these things are beyond all use/And I do fear them,"  are contrasted with Caesar's self confidence, "It seems to me  most strange that men should fear/Seeing that death a necessary end/Will come when it will come."

3. Calpurnia's  interpretation of her dream is brushed aside and Decius' interpretaion is accepted by Caesar to emphasise the significance of the public and the political over the private and the domestic, "How foolish do your fears seem now, Calpurnia."

4. Calpurnia represents the fear and the superstitious beliefs of the  contemporary Elizabethan audience concerning the supernatural.