In Ben Jonson's "To Celia," what is his motive in sending her flowers: to honor he or to keep the flowers from getting withered?

The universal purpose and conventional reason why a man gives his lover a rose or a bunch of roses is to convey to her that he is in love with her and desires her to reciprocate his love. Similarly the poet narrator Ben Jonson had been smitten by the beautiful and expressive eyes of Celia so much so that he hyperbolically asserts that he would prefer the left over wine that she has sipped to that of the heavenly nectar of Jupiter itself. So, as a token of his love and in the hope that she would accept his love for her and reciprocate, he sends her not one rose but a garland of roses. Unfortunately for him Celia rejects his offer of love by returning the garland of roses.

Ben Jonson to cover up his embarrassment at her rejection cleverly remarks that although she has rejected his offer of love by returning the wreath of roses he considers himself only too happy and fortunate,  because these roses smell more fragrant now and will never fade because they have been revived now by her sweet breath. Although he has not been successful in wooing and winning her he can always console himself with the roses she has sent back to him, because these roses will never fade and wither but on the contrary will continue to grow and smell sweeter than ever before because now they will smell not like ordinary roses but like  her sweet breath:

"Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,

Not of itself but of thee."

He says that he sent her the roses knowing that they will never wither away in her presence, but now that her breath has touched them and she has returned them they not only wither away but actually continue to grow. He hyperbolically implies that one breath of hers is enough to make the roses grow forever! !

How is authority (police, government, controlling political power) represented in the 1984 (characters and events)?1984 by George Orwell ? HELP...

Authority is represented as the overall dominating force in the lives of everyone in Oceania (and, we can assume, elsewhere in the world). The sinister face of Big Brother, symbolizing the Party's power, is completely inescapable in George Orwell's story of the future. When Winston comes home, he feels the eyes of Big Brother on him at all times, thanks to posters on every landing in the stairwell. It is the same when he looks at a coin or cigarette packet. Each day, at the end of the Two Minutes of Hate, all Party workers return to a state of calm when Big Brother appears on the giant telescreen, illustrating the near-hypnotic hold he exercises over the masses. He, and through him the Party, are the ultimate symbols of complete societal control.

Even though Winston attempts to rebel, & throw off the control of Big Brother, he eventually succumbs once again. When he is arrested, O'Brien strives to make him an empty vessel that will once again surrender to Big Brother's all-consuming love. And in the end, Winston gives in: "He loved Big Brother." Orwell uses this figurehead for tyranny to powerfully illustrate the effect totalitarian government can have on the human spirit.

But the Party does only dominate physically through fear of its cameras, spies, and Thought Police. Perhaps the best example of the Party's ability to control mind as well as body is the Ministry of Truth, where Winston works. By constantly changing history, wiping out the memory of unpleasant truths and always casting the Party's actions in the best light, the totalitarian government of Oceania can survive the present and ensure its future. The Records Department of the Ministry plays a significant role in this process, destroying or editing books, magazines, films and photographs that contradict the current Party view of the world.

Winston, adept at this work himself, can step back and see how the masses are being manipulated. In fact, he is horrified by it, and his rebellion against the Party is motivated in part by a hunger for objective truth. But the futility of resisting the Party's information control is illustrated by Julia, younger and more politically naïve despite her cynicism. She cannot even remember the fact that four years earlier Oceania had been at war with Eastasia rather than with Eurasia, because the Party has propagandized her into believing that Eastasia was always the enemy. Thus the authority is all-powerful, infiltrating every aspect of life.

Please paraphrase stanza 12 of "The Raven" and list its literary elements.

But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;
Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking "Nevermore."

Paraphrase:

I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of the door and the bust (where the raven was) because I was intrigued by the bird.

Then I sat down and started to try to figure out (using whatever crazy ideas he could -- "fancy unto fancy linking") what the bird meant by saying "nevermore."

Some literary elements:

• Internal rhyme -- an example of this is the use of "sinking" and "linking" in the third line of the stanza.


• Alliteration -- this is best seen in the fifth line of the stanza when he uses all those words that start with "g."


• Repetition -- using "ominous" twice.

Explain the organization of the Party in Chapters 9-10 of 1984.

At the top is Big Brother.

Next is the Inner Party -- about two percent of the whole population of Oceania.  They are the brain of the state.  This level has people of every race in it but it's pretty hard for anyone to move up into it from lower level.

The Outer Party must make up about thirteen percent of the population.  It is the "hands" of the state.  Some members of this level can make it up into the Inner Party.

No one who isn't born into the Party has any chance of getting in to it.  Anyone born a prole who has that kind of drive or ability generally stands out and gets killed by the Thought Police.

Are there two sets of point of view in the story "Vanka," the first person limited point of view and third person limited point of view?What is the...

In "Vanka" by Anton Chekhov, the narrative is interlaced with epistolary passages. An epistolary passage is one in which a character either writes a letter (epistle) or reads a letter. In this case, the epistolary passages comprise a letter being written by Vanka. In an epistle, the point of view is generally first person (unless perhaps the content is of the they said/you said variety). However, when an epistle is embedded in a larger narrative, the epistle takes on the role of a dialogic insertion (dialogic: pertaining to dialogue) and is analysed as any other dialogic passage would be.

Consequently, since dialogue in a narrative doesn't not change the story's point of view, neither does a dialogic epistolary insertion in a narrative change the story's point of view. Therefore, the first person point of view within the the epistle doesn't affect the analysis of the point of view of the story. If you look at the text of "Vanka," you can see that this is true because the epistolary passages are all set off by quotation marks--they are considered and analyzed as dialogue.

The conclusion is that, while the point of view within the dialogic epistolary insertions is first person, the story of "Vanka" is written solely in the third person limited point of view: The narrator sees and conveys the story while looking over the shoulder--if you will--of Vanka while he writes his letter. So even though Vanka's voice intrudes into the narrative, it is spoken, as it were, by the third person limited narratorial voice, a voice that is, so to speak, reading aloud to the story reader from Vanka's private letter. Thus it is incorrect to state that the short story "Vanka" has two points of view: "Vanka" has one point of view (third person limited) and the embedded epistolary dialogue (letter) presents an embedded first person point of view.

How does the historical information about the period of the publication of "To Kill a Mockingbird" connect to the text?Harper Lee's "To Kill a...

When Harper Lee published "To Kill a Mockingbird" it was 1960, the beginning of a turbulent period in the history of the United States.  Many changes in racial relations were in the making, much attention to injustices handed to people of the African-American race were given public attention. 

Certainly, then, Harper Lee's novel of two children's learning from their father about fighting prejudices and affirming human dignity were, indeed, relevant and controversial to the time of the novel's publication. The reports of such as the Scottsboro boys in Northern Alabama are real-life accounts that parallel the treatment of Tom Robinson.

Harper Lee's novel became a model of racial tolerance; because its author herself was from Alabama, a state heatedly involved in the Civil Rights efforts, the book could not but bring attention to many of the current issues of the times, such as "Bloody Sunday," a day that many were killed on the march from Selma (an area of 57% black) to Montgomery, Alabama, as they attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in order to go to the state's capital of Montgomery and demand voting rights.

What does "Ship Trap island" from the story "The Most Dangerouse Game" look like?

What you are asking is a question about the setting for the story "The Most Dangerous Game."  The story is not EXACT in its description of the island, but I do think that enough information is given in the text to make a pretty good guess at the layout of the isle.

To do so, let's head to the text with a few choice quotes, shall we?:

"OFF THERE to the right--somewhere--is a large island," said Whitney." It's rather a mystery--"

"What island is it?" Rainsford asked.

"The old charts call it `Ship-Trap Island,"

This tells us two important facts...first, the island is "large."  Now what does this mean?  Large is a very subjective term and means different things to different people.  Well, from what we can tell from reading the rest of the story the island must be big enough to support life but not so big that people try to go there a whole lot (which would ruin the creepy guy's hunting plans.)  In addition, he gives the person a three hour head start.  If the island were too tiny, three hours would be too much (where would there be to go?)  So the island must be of decent size.  Gilligan's isle?  The island from Lost?  probably something in between those two.

the muttering and growling of the sea breaking on a rocky shore... Jagged crags appeared to jut up into the opaqueness

So the shore of the island is not a nice sandy beach, but rather jagged sharp rocks.

Dense jungle came down to the very edge of the cliffs..

So, apparently, the island is covered by thick jungle.

there are jungles with a maze of traits in them, hills, swamps--

Again, there must be some hilly parts, and some swamps.

the general pressed a button, far out to sea Rainsford saw the flash of lights

As a trick, the island has a string of lights in the water that make it look like there is a safe channel for boats, when in reality it leads to the sharp rocks.

His eyes made out the shadowy outlines of a palatial chateau; it was set on a high bluff, and on three sides of it cliffs dived down to where the sea licked greedy lips in the shadows.

The only man-made structure, apparently, is "The General's" house.  It is on a hill where three sides of the hill are cliffs that lead down to the sea.

Well, that' all I've got out of the story.  I half expected to read that there was a giant, skull shaped mountain in the middle to make it even more spooky.

Good luck!

In Peter Meinke's "Untitled" poem or "A Poem to My Son Peter", is he talking from his own point of view or from that of his father?

Because of what I have read about Peter Meinke's life, it seems more likely that this is an imaginary poem that the poet's father may have written, when he was sober enough, to his ten-year-old son, now the poet.

Peter Meinke had four children: three boys and a girl. One of the children was, indeed, named Peter, but I don't think he was the eldest. Besides, from all I can ascertain, Peter Meinke, the poet, had a stable life and a happy marriage and now has a number of loving grandchildren. There just doesn't seem to be room in his life story for the rage and callousness that is evident in the poem.

Here's a hint, from Peter Meinke's poetry book called Scars, that may help settle the matter:

When I was young I longed for scars
like my father’s

They were the best
scars on the block

startling  varied
pink as a tongue against his whiskey skin

In the story of "Casey at the Bat," did you expect the poem to end the way it did? Why or why not? What happens in the first two stanzas? Analyze.

Part of the enduring popularity of Ernest Lawrence Thayer's baseball poem "Casey at the Bat" is its surprise ending, where the indomitable slugger does the unthinkable: He strikes out. Throughout the poem, the reader is led to believe that Casey will come through in the end. His popularity, leadership qualities, and nearly mythic hitting prowess are all clues to Casey's inevitable success.

Thayer begins his poem on a dreary note, with Mudville losing 4-2 in the final inning--presumably, the bottom of the ninth. The first two batters "died at first," leaving the home team down to its last out. Many of the fans begin to leave...

... The rest / Clung to that hope which springs eternal in the human breast; / They thought, if only Casey could get but a whack at that-- / We'd put up even money, now, with Casey at the bat.

But, then, Flynn singles "to the wonderment of all." Next, the "much despised" Jimmy Blake doubles, putting runners on second and third and bringing none other than

... Casey, mighty Casey, was advancing to the bat.

Thayer sets up the reader right up until the end, and nowhere in the poem is there a clue that this Ruthian slugger will not send the fans home happy in the end. It is only the final line that reveals the unthinkable failure of Casey, and it is precisely this unexpected conclusion that makes "Casey" an unforgettable classic.

Examine the elegiac elements in John Milton's pastoral elegy Lycidas.

Characteristics of an elegiac poem cover a broad spectrum of items. Milton's pastoral elegy Lycidas includes all the primary ones and a good number of the optional ones. Milton opens by employing the elegiac characteristics of alling on the goddess Daphne, who is represented by "Laurels," and invocaing the Muse (19). In Stanzas 2 and 3, the speaker grieves and starting at line 25, he praises Lycidas, who symbolically represents Milton's friend Edward King who died at sea, thus fulfilling two more characteristics.

Lines 37 through 49 fulfill the elegiac characteristic of voicing an invective, or a reproach, against death, with which the speaker combines the characteristic of describing the affect of the death upon a personified nature. Lines 165 through 185 fulfill the characteristic of accepting death and acknowledging a hope of immortality.

Optional elegiac characteristics that Milton uses in Lycidas include a fervent digression (a passage of any length that departs from the logical or expected order of the story narrative) against the "ruine of our corrupted Clergy...," which extends from Line 109 to 130. Such a digression in an elegy will be on an issue that is of timely and may be satirical. Milton's digression (in Greek rhetoric, a digressio) is satirical because he uses ridicule to expose the wrong-doing of the Clergy.

Lines 140 to 151 shower the departed Lycidas with a flurry of flowers fulfilling another optional characteristic. The other optional characteristic employed by Milton is the use of rhetorical questions: questions asked that receive no answer. These are several places including his assault against the Clergy and are in Lines 51, 57, 69, 92, 107, 115 and 122. Milton chose not to employ the optional characteristic of a refrain (repeating section as in a song).

[For more information, see Pastoral Poetry and Pastoral Comedy, Debora B. Schwartz, California Polytechnic State University.]

When Phillip first realizes that he is blind in The Cay, he does all of the following except what?Please tell me all the answers.

You do not mention what your choices of answers are, but the account of Phillip's reaction when he realizes he is blind is found at the end of Chapter 4, and you can figure out the answer to your question by process of elimination.

In the first hour after Phillip finds out that he is blind, he has a number of reactions.  He puts his hand in front of his face, and realizes that he cannot see it, even though Timothy has just told him it is day.  He screams to Timothy, "I'm blind, I'm blind".  After Timothy becomes aware that Phillip is indeed blind, Phillip gets down on the raft, "blinking (his) eyes again and again, trying to lift the curtain of blackness".  He touches his eyes and notes that they do not feel any different, then he tells Timothy that the pain in his head has gone away.  Timothy tells Phillip about a man he once knew who became blind after a head injury, but who recovered his sight after three days, and Phillip asks Timothy if he thinks that is what will happen to him.

As he lies in the darkness, the full impact of his situation hits Phillip, and he begins to crawl, screaming for his mother and his father.  Phillip is "so frightened that it (is) hard for (him) to breathe".  At one point, his "fear turn(s) to anger", and he takes out his rage on Timothy, pummeling him with his fists.  Timothy tries to comfort Phillip, and says patiently under his blows, "If dat will make you bettah, go 'ead".  Finally, Phillip exhausts himself, and falls back on the hot boards of the raft (Chapter 4).

What criticisms of society does Act 2 of The Crucible make?

Most of the criticisms are voiced by John Proctor and might at first glance come across as criticisms of the church only, but if the audience keeps in mind that the church was the community or society in Proctor's time, then it is obvious that Miller is identifying common human conflicts through Proctor's comments.

1. First, when John and Elizabeth are alone at the beginning of the act, Miller uses their stilted conversation to represent many marriages in American society--forgiveness is rare; conversation is forced, and affection is scare.  While it is true that Proctor was unfaithful to Elizabeth, Miller uses the two to illustrate how cold marriage can be.

2.  When Rev. Hale arrives at the Proctor household to "examine" the Proctors' Christianity, John uses their "interrogation" to identify problems with Rev. Parris and other members of the community. First, Rebecca Nurse has been arrested, and John is flabbergasted by this news.  He sees this as society's way of putting aside common sense for unsubstantial evidence or heresay. Secondly, when Rev. Hale asks John about his church attendance, John tells him that he doesn't go to church because he can't pray in the church.  He is so disgusted with Rev. Parris's materialistic (golden candlesticks) and hell-fire preaching.  Miller uses these comments to show that society is often concerned with the exterior rather than the inner workings of man's heart.

Secondly, society's greed which pits neighbor against neighbor is clear in Act 2.  Mary Warren, Cheever, and even Rev. Hale bring news of neighbors accusing neighbors or witchcraft, and their intentions are obvious--get rid of other landowners so that they can buy up as much land as possible.

Lord of the Flies: What does Simon's line, "You'll get back to where you came from," on page 122 foreshadow? Just out of curiosity why is the...

In his renowned novel You Can't Go Home, Thomas Wolfe writes

But why had he always felt so strongly the magnetic pull of home, why had he thought so much about it and remembered it with such blazing accuracy, if it did not matter, and if this little town....was not the only home he had on earth? 

Reminiscing about the ponies he used to ride and the order of tea time at home Ralph wishes to escape his malaise about his current state in life. He would like it if he could go home where order and form exist. In an escapist thought, Ralph wonders if on the other side of the island, there could be the dream of rescue. Then, he hears Simon in his ear, "You'll get back to where you came from."

Ralph interprets this statement as meaning that he will get home. But, Simon's implications may not be the same. For, he has seen how Jack is indecisive and manipulative, not commanding. Therefore, instead of going home, Ralph may first "get back to where" he had the respect and control of the boys and, thus, maintain order and discipline, back to where he can lead the boys and focus all efforts upon their being rescued and returned to the "only home [they] had on earth."

The intuitive Simon senses that Ralph will exert efforts to maintain his leadership. And, in Chapter 8, Ralph is again re-established as the leader after Jack challenges him; once defeated, Jack leaves in humiliating tears. 

Explain how Scout and Jem learned about respect for the individual from Boo Radley,Mrs. Dubose,Atticus,Mr. Raymond,Cal,Aunt Alexandra,and Tom Robinson

Scout and Jem learned about the respect for and individual from their interactions with and observations of "Boo" Radley, Tom Robinson, Calpurnia, Atticus (their father), Dolphus Raymond, Aunt Alexandra, and Mrs. Dubose because the Finch children, at some point, had judged each of them incorrectly or unfairly.  For example, prior to Mrs. Dubose's death and the information their father revealed to them regarding her determination to conquer her long-time addiction to morphine, the Finch children saw her only as a cruel, often repulsive old woman; afterward, they were able to afford her at least a degree of respect for dying with dignity, though it caused her what must have been a great deal of pain.  Atticus, the children's father, was certainly worthy of their respect and admiration, but the children did not fully recognize that truth until they witnessed his representation of Tom Robinson and his prowess as a marksman when shooting a rabid dog.  Jem and Scout had judged each of the characters previously mentioned based on the opinions of others, to some degree; they learned that their opinions, which had been influenced by others, were unfair.  The children learned that they had no right to judge others without knowing them, and that the opinions of the majority are often incorrect.

Is Macbeth a bloody butcher or a tragic hero?

To say that Macbeth is a bloody butcher is to endorse Malcolm's final view of Macbeth and his wife-"the dead butcher and his fiend-like queen." Macbeth killed Duncan; murderers appointed by him killed Banquo, and the family of Macduff. Even then, we should not reduce him to a one-dimensional character--just a criminal/villain; we have gone through his soliloquies and asides from act 1 sc.3 till the very end of the play. We must have noted his divided self, his fears and agonies, the conflict between his "vaulting ambition" and his imaginative conscience. He has caused great sufferings to the people, and yet he himself has no less suffered. His reaction to the news of his partner's death and the ensuing deliberation  on the tragic futility of life--"a tale told by an idiot," it being "full of sound and fury, signifying nothing"--must be a memorable existentialist commentary. Macbeth is a great poet sadly counterpointed with uncontrollable desire. That is precisely the irony of the Renaissance man, the tragedy of being both "fair and foul."

Provide the summary for The Catcher in the Rye.

The novel stars Holden Caulfield. It starts a little while before Christmas vacation. Holden is kicked out of Pencey Prep school. He goes out alone in New York City. Holden’s story is a first person account, from a mental facility.

Holden's story starts at the prep school which he describes as being "phony." The day of the Pencey football game is highlighted. Holden walks to his history teacher’s house, Mr. Spencer. The visit isn’t good. Later, he is beat up by his roommate over a girl.After the fight, Holden leaves Pencey. He leaves in the night.

By train, he goes to New York City, where his family had lived. He registers at an oldish hotel, the Edmont Hotel. Many events happen: dancing with tourist girls and time with a prostitute. Holden gets rid of the prostitute but doesn’t pay her enough. Holden gets beat up again.

Holden spends two days in the city being drunk. He meets up with an old friend, Carl Luce and Sally Hayes, an old girlfriend. Holden sneaks into his parents' apartment and talks with Phoebe, his little sister. Then he visits his former English teacher, Mr. Antolini who makes passes at him in the night.

Holden is depressed. He spends his time wandering around New York City. What upsets Holden the most is that he has no protection from the phoniness of the world or the perverts. He goes to his sister’s school and sees bad words on the walls. He has a vision of himself as a savior, as a “catcher in the rye”—standing at the edges of a field where children are running and playing, he guards them, keeps them from falling.

In the last few pages his time recovering at the institution made him calmer.

What are the main characteristics of Christopher McCandless? I hope you can also help me with the characterization of Chris. I think it is...

McCandless might first be defined by his non-conformism and his willingness to eschew the financially comfortable background in which he was brought up. Krakauer states that he 'believed that wealth was shameful, corrupting and inherently evil'.  This non-conformism is perhaps defined by his willingness to ally himself to the civil disobedience of some of the transcendentalist writers, Henry David Thoreau being the prime example. This was not to say that he was not, at times, pragmatic and viewed money earned by what he believed to be moral and honest labour to be valuable. While he gave up his inherited wealth  and 'donated the balance of his bank account to OXFAM', he was nonetheless willing to work for Wayne Westerberg and at McDonalds for money when he needed it. He seems to have drawn the distinction at having too much money and acquiring it as a result of unearned privilege. 

Krakauer, however, is clear to state that he was no liberal, stating that he 'was a vocal admirer of Ronald Regan' and cited Thoreau about the evil of governance - one might describe him better as a libertarian than a liberal. He was, however, it would appear, morally driven, perhaps in part due to the extremity of his reaction to his parents' troubles and his judgement that his father was a 'sanctimonious hypocrite', particularly in relation to the latter's concealed divorce. McCandless's moral motivation, however, found more constructive means than in simply moralising. He was a fan of direct action, Krakauer recounting a number of incidents from his school days where he would practice personal philanthropy such as he would 'wander the seedier quarters of Washington, chatting with prostitutes and homeless people, buying them meals'. It appears that he believed less in state intervention and more in personal responsibility for the poor. One might also claim that he saw an inherent nobility in poverty and liberty, embodied in the name that he chose for himself, 'Alexander Supertramp'. 

The quest for personal liberty is clearly embodied in the willingness to give up his old identity, not only his financial worth and connection to his family but, moreover, his very name. Other examples, of course, come with his desire to live entirely alone and by nature in Alaska but are pre-figured by his quest to kayak down the Colorado river, defying park laws that meant he had to have a license. 

Whether we would characterise McCandless as hubristic (i.e. with over-arching pride that led to his own downfall) or not is an interesting question. I've linked below to an interesting essay on this point and the question of whether he is a tragic hero or not. 

Why does the narrator give up his musical ambitions in favor of making money in The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man?

The narrator's musical ambitions are connected very strongly to his "blackness"; he wants to find a way to merge ragtime -- an African-American musical form-- with European classical music. 

The problem is that he is tempted to take advantage of his light skin color and try to "pass" as a white man.  This would have been a temptation to any African-American of light skin color in those times of open racism. 

     The narrator makes his decision after he witnesses the lynching of a black man (see link below).  Instead of causing him to hate whites, this incident produces in him a terrible shame and embarrassment about being black; he becomes ashamed of "being identified with a people that could with impunity be treated worse than animals."

      He begins to pass himself off as a white businessman, and soon becomes quite successful.  His fate is sealed when he meets and falls in love with a beautiful white woman.  Although he eventually admits to her his origins, he cannot marry her, and live with her the life that he wishes to, if he reveals his origins to anyone else. 

What is a suitable essay question for Hundred Secret Senes by Amy Tan?

One question might be "How does Tan depict the merging of American and Chinese culture in the novel"? This may be refined to focus on specific characters, or it could be written as a comparison/contrast paper. You could discuss assimilation or clashing of cultures, depending on the circumstances and the characters. A good essay question will always be open-ended, without one clear answer. In fact, one key to a strong thesis statement is that it should be arguable. In you can't argue an opposing, then you don't have a strong thesis, or the prompt is poorly written.

In this case, as with all of Tan's novels, the central conflicts lay with the meeting of Eastern and Western cultures, often separated by decades in addition to distance. Otherwise, you could ask about the portrayal of female characters in the novel. Are some characters stronger than others? How are they affected by their surroundings? Tan always has powerful female characters, often dealing with "typical" issues: marriage, motherhood, careers, while balancing their heritage with the contemporary American influence.

Discuss 'Martyrdom' as the central theme of the play ,'Murder in the cathedral'.

Martyrdom is undoubtably a central theme in 'Murder in The Cathedral' by T.S. Eliot. Before beginning any assignment on a theme, be sure you know what the terms mean. A martyr is someone who is willing to endure death rather than renounce beliefs or religion. Martyrdom takes this one step further - it is the state of someone who has died for their faith and who has often built up an 'aura' of heroism because of that. Many martyrs are 'prayed to' particularly in the Christian faiths as 'saints.' Thomas Becket's murder and his status as martyr has dominated King Henry 11 of England's reign for us as well as the contempoary peoples of the time. The trouble with disposing of so-called 'trouble-makers' in this way has always been and still is a headache for world leaders and politicians, monarchies. This is because, in dispensing with one 'snake' a hundred more sometimes grow to take thier place as feelings of injustice and victimisation run high. Instead of going out, the spark of whatever unrest is present grows - sometimes into cult proportions. Look through the work and historical writings for the causes and consequences for Henry and the Pope  of Becket's martyrdom.

How does Aunt Alexandria feel about Calpurnia? Why is this for Aunt Alexandria "in character"? Explain.Why is Scout so happy about the brawl with...

    Calpurnia, the housekeeper of the Finch family in Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, is more than just a maid and cook to Atticus, Jem and Scout. She is like a member of the family and almost a surrogate mother to the two kids. She has taught Scout to write, and she disciplines them when necessary. She shows them the same love that she would show her own children and, like most of the town, she realizes that Atticus treats her with more respect than she would find elsewhere in the white community.
    Aunt Alexandra, however, believes Jem and Scout need more motherly guidance, and when she comes to live temporarily, she tries to convince Atticus to get rid of Calpurnia. (Scout misunderstands this when she overhears their conversation and thinks initially that Alexandra is trying to rid the home of her!) "We don't need her now," Alexandra tells Atticus. But Atticus is firm.   

"She's a faithful member of this family, and you'll simply have to accept things the way they are."

This is typical of Alexandra for several reasons. She believes she knows best when it comes to parenting matters, and she is also far less tolerant of black people than her brother. Since she basically wears the pants in her own family--she domineers her husband--she expects to control the Finch household in Maycomb as well.
    The fight that follows between the two kids makes Scout happy for several reasons. The fight with her older, bigger brother is a draw after Atticus breaks it up; Jem is sent to bed at the same time as Scout (he normally is allowed to stay up later); and he says, "Night, Scout," afterward, a sign that their recent feuding may be at an end. Also, the fight has united the three Finches against Alexandra.

In Chapter 3 of Lord of the Flies, why does Simon go to his bower?

I like the previous answer, but I wanted to add a few of my own ideas.  Simon is an interesting character in LOTF.  He's sort of a "hippie type."  What I mean by this is that appears to have a sense of "goodness" that is built into him on a programming level while the other boys have had their concepts of good and bad handed down to them by society and their parents.  The longer that those boys are away from those influences the more their values deteriorate.

Simon is different.  Notice the way in chapter three that he helps Ralph build his huts when no-one else is interested.  Then, while walking through the woods, he helps some little kids reach a branch they are too small for.  Simon seems to have an inner "goodness" that does not depend on adults or society to feed it.

He does appear to be driven into the woods by the general disharmony between Jack and Ralph, coupled with the failed attempt to finish the shelters. The cool part is that he finds a nice serene spot to settle down in.  From his hideaway in the "bower" Simon is able to observe the beautiful world around him.  He is in touch with nature and the natural environment.  He has a keen sense of human nature that he can't express.

I think that he heads for the bower as a way to "level his waters."  The disharmony of the boys and their squabbles has upset his natural sense of balance.  By going to the "natural spot" he is in a way able to recharge and regain his composure.

Who are Peter and Pavel?no

Peter and Pavel are two Russian immigrants  that live close to the Shimmerdas and the Burdens. The text hints that Pavel has a past in Russia that seemingly haunts him. They seem to be good people in search of a second chance-a typical motif in the fiction at the time. Pavel dies in the course of the narrative, but the reader learns that he has a guilty conscience because he literally threw someone to the wolves  to save himself ( see link below). This forces him to leave for America. Pavel dies, supposedly from working to hard. Perhaps this can be read that he had a somewhat intellectual past and was not used to hard work? Left without his friend, Peter must sell the little homestead he owned with Pavel.

IN THE SHORT RUN IN PERFECT COMPETITION, WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ASSUMPTION THAT THERE IS EASY ENTRY AND EXIT?WHAT IS THE RAMIFICATIONS OF...

Under condition of perfect competition no firm can sell at a price higher than the market equilibrium price, and at the same time no firm has an economic incentive to sell at a price lower than the market equilibrium price. So in the long-run in a competitive market, every seller sell its products at the market equilibrium price, and the total quantities offered by all the suppliers at this price exactly equals the quantity demanded by buyers at the equilibrium price. However, such a market equilibrium can be disturbed in short run due to several reasons listed below.

• The production costs of suppliers goes up. As a result some suppliers may start making losses and would want to leave the market. This has the effect of reducing the total quantity supplied and shifting the supply curve to right.


• The production costs of suppliers goes down. As a result all suppliers may be willing to supply more quantities at the equilibrium price. Also suppliers will be making extra profit, which may induce some outside suppliers to enter the market. This has the effect of increasing the total quantity supplied and shifting the supply curve to left.


• General increase in demand leading to shifting of demand curve to right. This will tend to push the market price up, creating the same effect on supply as that of reduction in production cost.


• General decrease in demand leading to shifting of demand curve to left. This will tend to push the market price down, creating the same effect on supply as that of increase in production cost.

In all the above cases, unless the suppliers are able to leave or enter a market with ease, when costs go up or demand falls some suppliers will be forced to remain in the market even in long run in spite of making losses. Similarly when costs reduce or the demand goes up, the existing suppliers will be able to charge premium prices. Both these situation do not violate the essential conditions for existence of a perfectly competitive market, but it does mean that the perfect competition by itself will not be able to ensure allocation of productive resources of an economy in the best possible way.

Thus existence of entry and exit barriers will result in suppliers in some industries continuing to make excessive profit, while those in others making losses. As a matter of fact, barriers to entry do exist and are substantial. This is the reason for some industries being very profitable while others barely able to survive.

I've chosen to write an essay about how Rahim acted as a better father then Baba did. However im having some troubles coming up with my 3...

You have a good idea for a paper on The Kite Runner because there is a great deal of evidence to show that Rahim was a better father than Baba. But I am not certain, when you refer to three paragraphs, whether you are referring to three body paragraphs or simply a three-paragraph essay.  So, I will discuss both ways of writing an essay.

If you are supposed to write a three-paragraph essay, the first paragraph should be the introduction, the second paragraph should be the body of the essay, and the third paragraph should be the conclusion.  In the introduction, you need to give the name of the book and its author, a brief overview of the book, and your thesis statement, what you are trying to prove as you write, that Rahim was a better father to Amir.  In the second paragraph, you need to offer examples of his being a better father, examples from the book.  Finally, the conclusion is a kind of wrap up paragraph, in which you remind the reader what your thesis is and give the reader a little review of the points you made. 

If you are suppposed to have a five-pararagraph essay, the structure is not all that different.  The first paragraph should be the introduction.  Then you will need three paragraphs that show why Rahim was a better father.  Each paragraph should be about just one reason.  Finally, you will need a conclusion.

Now, what kind of evidence will you provide to support your thesis?  I remember that Rahim gives Amir a very important gift, a writing journal, which shows that Rahim has greater insight into Amir's needs than Baba does. But there are many other examples in the story, and if you need three, for three separate paragraphs, you should have no problem finding them.

Coming up with sentences is not so difficult when you have good evidence. Just remember that you must connect everything to your thesis.  You can start out your sentences by saying "Rahim was a better father to Amir because...."  Once you have written about your evidence, you can always go back and give the sentences a bit more variety.  The idea, though, is to get that evidence down on paper in a first draft. Once you have it on paper, you can work on "polishing" it. 

Good luck to you! 

What were the major effects of the War of 1812 on the United States?And how did the war help to produce what became known as “the Era of Good...

The Embargo Act (1807) passed by Congress forbade US merchants from trading with either France or England, who were fighting each other during the Napoleonic Wars.  The War of 1812 should be seen as the North American extension of those European conflicts. New England manufacturing and shipping had been happily (and profitably) supplying both sides of the conflict, and the US merchant fleet was beginning to compete with the British.  Both major powers were not happy with the young United States.  To appease them, congress shut down trade and shipping, destroying the New England economy and causing a country-wide depression and a secessionist movement in the North!

After the war, England was not longer a threat to any part of North America, US trade rebuilt and competed with them, and with no serious European contenders left, the US began to assert itself as the "protector" of the Western Hemisphere through the Monroe Doctrine.  Removing the European imperial threats, and the expansion of trade and political power led to the Era of Good Feelings.

In "The Pit and the Pendulum," after his sentence of death the narrator says he could not see anything. What happens to him?

During his sentencing and right after, the narrator is incredibly groggy and confused.  He can't see very clearly, and almost appears to be having hallucinations--he fixates on the candles in the room, thinking they are angels of light coming to save him.  The voices of the judges are distorted.  Then, he "swoons" and goes on for 2 paragraphs about dreams, hallucinations, and a very confused, almost altered state of consciousness before he wakes up in the dark prison.

His descriptions of his state--"I was sick, sick unto death," and "I felt that my senses were leaving me," and "dreamy indeterminate hum," his confused visions and state of mind, all seem to point to him being drugged.  His being drugged, and probably being very emotional and stressed from the situation, led to him swooning, or, fainting.  In this state, eyes closed, partially conscious, he can't see anything anymore, and remains that way until he wakes in his dungeon of a prison.  That is why he can't see anything, and then of course, when he wakes, his prison is pitch black, so he can't see even when fully alert, conscious and looking around.  His persecutors drugged him, and carried him down into his dungeon, to enact further torment.

I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Explain the social realities of Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice."

"Pride and Prejudice" faithfully reflects the social realities of the Regency Period (1811-20).

The contrasting lifestyle of different social groups is structurally central to a Jane Austen novel. In "Pride and Prejudice" the landed gentry represented by Darcy  is contrasted with the newly rich trading class represented by Bingley.

The novel was written against the background of the threat of an  invasion by Napoleon. The militia was a temporary voluntary force raised especially during times of a national emergency. Wickham was a member of this militia. Col.Fitzwilliam Darcy the younger son of an earl, on the contrary, is a fully commissioned officer of the regular army. In those days only an aristocrat or a member of the gentry could afford to purchase a commission in the army. In "Pride and Prejudice" Darcy purchases a commission for Wickham so that Wickham agrees to marry Lydia.

Jane Austen  portrays only the elegant aspects of Regency England. The seamy side,however, is  sometimes hinted at. Discipline in the army was very harsh and there is a report of a private being whipped. Similarly the prevailing poverty of the lower classes is revealed by the reference to poor feeding.

But most importantly the harsh reality of a bleak future  for a dependent unwed old woman is hinted at when Charlotte Lucas' brothers are relieved that Collins  is going to marry their sister, for otherwise they would have to look after her in her old age.

The central theme of the novel is the pivotal link between money,  and marriage.

In Ch.26 we read that Wickham has switched his affections from Elizabeth to Miss King because she has suddenly acquired 10,000 pounds. In Ch.27 When Mrs.Gardiner teases Elizabeth that Wickham who till then was her admirer  is "mercenary" Elizabeth replies:"Pray, my dear aunt, what is the difference in matrimonial affairs, between the mercenary and the prudent motive? Where does discretion end, and avarice begin?"

Money no doubt is certainly necessary for a successful and happy marriage. But the vital question is 'how much?': In Ch.33 Col.Fitzwilliam Darcy,the younger son of an earl,  a very rich charming young man, subtly hints that he cannot marry Elizabeth:"Our habits of expense make us too dependent, and there are not many in my rank of life who can afford to marry without some attention to money."  to which Elizabeth playfully sugggests that his price would perhaps  not be "above 50,000 pounds."

In Ch.19 Collins threatens Elizabeth to submit to his proposal by emphasizing her impoverished status:"one thousand pounds in the 4 per cents, which will not be yours till after your mother's decease, is all that you may ever be entitled to."

The novel is a heart rending cry for the freedom of young women from the clutches of mercenary men who toyed with their happiness : "Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance."

What is the origin of the term "scapegoat"?

A "scapegoat" was originally a goat driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of the Day of Atonement in Judaism.  The idea was that the goat, having the sins of the people placed upon its back, would be sent out to perish, thus saving the people by its death.  In Leviticus 16:6 the goat is described:

And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house.

In her short story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas," Ursula LeGuin takes this ancient rite and uses it to counter the pragmatism of Henry James that was popular at the time of her publishing the story. The miserable child is heaped with all the evil of the community and becomes the "scapegoat."  And, while many members of the community accept this evil as necessary for the good of all the others, some choose to walk away from this community.  Still, their walking away from Omelas is morally ambiguous as the child yet remains.

Is the U.S. still a racially segregated society? If not, does that mean that racism is no longer an important issue in the U.S.?

Legally, no. Socially, yes.  However, the progress towards integration, on evaluating an individual by his or her merits and not by any other physical characteristic or socioeconomic background continues to rapidly advance.  President Obama's election represents and interesting milestone in the advancement of freedom and exercise of rights.  The fact that he could run and be elected because he was presumably the best person for the job is reflective of how far the US has come; prior candidates, such as Jessie Jackson, base a large part of their campaign on racial issues.  In other words, in this last contest for the Office of the President, skin color had a minor role.  Of course, there were those who voted for and against because of that, but it was mostly understood that the man's color had little to do with how well he could handle the job.

As the US becomes more and more a meritocracy, issues of color, culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, etc will become more and more moot.  This, in contrast to the long sweep of history, where whole cultures for centuries were legally subverted, one by another, and race, color and culture was the defining characteristic between master and slave.

According to the theory of Dr. Hess, what are the nine layers of the earth

In 1958, Tasmanian geologist Samuel Warren Carey, published "The tectonic approach to continental drift" " as support theory for expansion of the global crust, from here developping the theory of tectonics of plates.

According to theory, the expansion is done by raising at the surface of some new rocks, along ocean's dorsals. Without postulating the existence of subduction zones and processed faults , the theory could not explain why there is not an unlimited growing of the earth.

 Harry Hess, geologist at Princeton University, and retired Admiral Robert S. Dietz,scientist at the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, have been particularly concerned about this thing. They have launched first, the term of expansion of the ocean floor, associating expansion with repeated inversions of the magnetic field of rock, found both sides of an ocean's dorsals, switches arranged i, symmetrical bands,parallel,  with similar magnetisation.

Remarkable is that, since 1928, G.A.F. Molengraff from the Institute of Technologyof Delft (now University) launched a recognizable theory in the later ocean floor expansion theory,  to explain the opening of Atlantic Ocean, but also the East African Rift.

Hess thought that if the oceanic crust is spread over ocean's dorsals, then it decreases in other part.

After Hess, Atlantic Ocean expands, while the  Pacific Ocean is diminishing. Also Hess, published a paper,in 1962 year, where he has suggested an opposite theory to continental drift one, namely that  ocean basin with that Continent that borders it, move on the same crustal unit or plate.

In 1967, W. Jason Morgan suggested that the surface of the Earth is composed of 12 rigid plates that move relative to one another, and two months later, Xavier Pichon published a complete model, based on 6 major plates, moving relatively.

Finally, in the late '60s, is taking shape theory of plate tectonics as a synthesis of theory of continental drift, from the first half of the twentieth century and the concept of expansion of ocean floor, developed over 60 years.

Plate tectonics theory argues that the lithosphere is composed of tectonic plates, seven major plates and many other smaller, which are floating on  astenosphere and may include either continental crust, or oceanic crust, or both.

These plates are in a dependent moves one another, leading to three types of plate margins: convergent,when plate margins collide and / or a plate are immersing the other, melting slowly into the mantle, divergent, whenplates depart from each other, and processed when plates pass along the other one.

What is the importance of the phrase "Everyday Use" in Alice Walker's short story, "Everyday Use"?

"Everyday" is an adverb that tells when.  "Use" is a verb (with object) which means "to put into service;" a verb (without an object) which means "to be found;" and a noun which means "the act of putting into service."

So, what is the object?  It is the "quilt."  Mrs. Johnson wants the quilt to be put into service everyday by Maggie.  She does not want the quilt put on the wall and not put into service every day.

The object is also "culture."  Mrs. Johnson wants her cultural legacy to be put into service, not used as a passing fad.

"Service" has a utilitarian function, which means "having regard to utility or usefulness rather than beauty, ornamentation."  The quilt and the African American culture is something to be used, to live.  I think it's the verb, not the noun.  It must be acted on everyday, not ornamental.

What is dental plaque and is it possible to fight against it through natural remedies? (Give examples, please!)

Dental plaque is a polysaccharide matrix in which there are locked the bacteria which are growing on the tooth surface. The main bacteria responsible with the dental cavities occurence is known as Streptococcus mutans.

The flavonoids (quercetin and myricetin) comprised into cranberries could effectively fight against the destructive effect of the bacteria mentioned above.The methods of struggle are numerous, such as:

-acid prevention;

-impeding of  bacteria adherence to the teeth surfaces;

- enzymes inhibition

You could see the cranberry juice action over the teeth as a plating with teflon of a surface, blocking the bacteria which cause cavities to adhere to the surface of teeth.

The cranberry is also known for it's properties to prevent the adherence of pathogens of the bladder' surface, thus protecting the urinary tract of infections.

 The cranberry juice prevent the building of dental plaque, made by bacteria with the help of glucosyltransferases, by inhibiting them.

What are similarities between The Handmaids Tale and Brave New World?

If you are looking for an example of how the society in Brave New World uses fear to achieve its goals, think of the end of the novel where Bernard and Watson are threatened with deportation and isolation from society.  That in and of itself is a form of fear-mongering that keeps people in line.  Also, think of the scene where John the savage lost control in the hospital where his mother was dying; he was immediately swarmed and subdued; that sort of militant presence is there for control through fear.

Other possible themes that are similar between The Handmaid's Tale and Brave New World is their fascination with the production of children; it is gone about in different ways in each novel, but their government has completely wrested control of reproduction from the control of the people themselves.  In Brave New World it is done in factories, and in The Handmaid's Tale, they use the handmaids and an intricate system of manipulation and brainswashing to try to get babies, along with the stifling of sexual activity to discourage births outside of those guidelines.  So, boths societies have complete control over reproduction.

Another similarity between these two dystopian novels is that it all started with discontentment about the way society was.  In Brave New World, people were disgruntled at all of the heartache and pain that human relationships caused, and the lack of productivity in the world.  From that spawned the totalitarian regime that based all of its workings on that ideology.  Then, in The Handmaid's Tale, there was a think-tank put together, and they all had an ideal world where rape, violence and sexual deviancy would be done away with; they used that to form their new society with. So, there are very extreme ideologies that start a revolution that lead to the societies present in the novels.

Also, in both novels, sex is used as a tool.  In Brave New World, it is a way for the masses to stay happy and satisfied, and to relieve any angst or frustration they have about their society.  It is also a way to distract people, and to keep them fixated on something other than philosophical ponderings that might lead to rebellion.  In The Handmaid's Tale, withholding sex and punishing people for sex is the way that they control the entire population.  It has become a forbidden thing, and it is used to wield power and control.

Those are just a few other suggestions; I hope that they helped.  Good luck!

What is the mood or tone of the book Tuck Everlasting?and it would help if you could give examples from the story that support that mood.

The mood of Tuck Everlasting is one of triumph ! In Tuck Everlasting the human spirit prevails. The Tucks suffer a lot but are saved and Winnie goes back home a better person. The darkness period was when the Man in the Yellow Suit makes threatening demands on the Fosters and the Tucks, but the willpower of the Tucks to save the world from the dire consequences of eternal life overpower the evil the Man brings.

In "Out, Out" by Robert Frost, what are two moments in the poem when its rhythm forces your attention to a particular word or phrase?

Overall, the poem has a very smooth, uninterrupted flow to it, but there are moments where its continuity is broken, drawing your attention to a phrase, which enhances the drama of the poem itself.

One such time is in line 18; in this line, the boy's sister has just called out supper, and the saw had "leapt" at the word.  Frost describes how hand and saw met--so far, not much of an a abrupt break in the phrasing.  But then in line 18, at the very end, Frost throws in an uncharacteristic short sentence.  Most of the sentences were long, flowing, but line 18 is "But the hand!"  Having such a short sentence there, tacked onto the very end of a line, draws the eyes to it, and makes the moment dramatic.  We are alerted to the danger to the hand, we are concerned, we are thrown for a loop and startled by the brief declaration.  And, it is a good moment to do it in, as his hand is indeed severely injured.

Another moment is at the beginning of line 27, when Frost declares, "So."  This is after describing how the boy wanted to keep the hand, and how the doctor couldn't keep it.  Using such a short phrase, the rather indifferent and ambiguous "so," is a way that Frost is able to relate both the people's indifference to the event, and the vast amount of things that COULD be said in that moment.  He could have gone on and on about the tragedy, the despair, the fine details of the decision, but, in true modernistic style, he minimizes the tragedy, leaving the reader to feel it all, with as few words as possible. Then, look to line 32 as the boy dies; Frost says of his heartbeat, "Little--less--gone!"  This accurately emphasizes the boy's death, and how awful it truly is.

I hope that those thoughts helped a bit; good luck!

In "The Crucible" what is Abigail Williams accused of?I understand she was accused of dancing in the woods & of having an affair with John Proctor....

Abigail's uncle, Reverend Parris, is the one who discovers her dancing; he asks her outright about it, and she admits to it.  However, later it comes out that she had a boiling pot on the fire, with a frog in it, so the accusation turns a bit more serious, to potential witchcraft.  She tries denying it, but then joins Tituba in passing blame on false "witches" in order to take the blame off of her.  Betty herself accuses Abigail of the truth, which was drinking "a charm to kill Goody Proctor," a charm that happened to be "chicken blood."    Abby doesn't deny that either, but threatens Betty and the others, telling them that if they do tell, she will bring "a pointy reckoning" against them.

In act three, she is accused of committing adultery with John; she denies it, and resorts to distracting tactics with the yellow bird scenario, in order to shift everyone's attention off of herself yet one more time.

Throughout all of these instances, she is guilty of jealousy, which drives a lot of her actions.  Also though, pay attention to how she manipulates people.  She can be accused of being a master manipulator.  She uses threats to keep the girls quiet about the charm, peer pressure to keep them accusing other people, and the threat of accusing them of witchcraft if they turn on her and tell the truth.  She knows how to manipulate other people and their fear to her advantage.  She also manipulates her uncle into believing her lies; she calls Goody Proctor a "gossiping liar" when he alludes to the affair, and evades all of his questioning.  She manipulates the courts into believing all of her accusations, even harming herself to get Elizabeth arrested.  She tries manipulating John, but he is the only one in the play that isn't phased by it; he sees through her vanity and lies.

So, along with the outright accusations of dancing, witchcraft and adultery, Abby can also be accused of jealousy, manipulation, and selfishness.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

What kinds of things do Momma and Grandma Sands talk about in The Watsons Go to Birmingham - 1963?Why does Kenny think he has interrupted something...

Momma and Grandma Sands haven't seen each other for a very long time, so when they are finally reunited, they have a lot of catching up to do.  Momma has been away from Birmingham for so long, it isn't anything like what she remembers, so she is full of questions like, "How long's this been like that"' and "When did that happen?"  Grandma Sands "crack(s) up" at all the things Momma doesn't remember, and tries to fill her in.  They get to talking so much that Momma lapses back into a thick "Southern style of talking", and the children, who are listening, can only understand "half of the things that they (say)".

Momma and Grandma Sands talk about people Momma used to know, like Calla Lily Lincoln.  In Kenny's words, they talk

"about how much trouble people (are) having with some white people down (there), who (has gotten) married to who, how many kids this one (has), how many times that one (has been) in jail, a bunch of boring junk like that".

Momma also asks Grandma Sands about herself, and her relationship with Mr. Robert.  Momma is at first rather appalled that her mother is in a relationship with a man, but Grandma Sands makes it quite clear, without using a lot of words, that Grandpa Sands has been dead for "almost twenty years", and that Momma has no right to be critical of Grandma's relationship with Mr. Robert.

Kenny comes into the kitchen in the middle of Momma and Grandma Sands' conversation, and after the two women briefly stop talking to greet him, Kenny sits down with his breakfast, and Momma acts like he'd disappeared, resuming her conversation without missing a stride.  The fact that Momma dismisses Kenny so completely to return to what she had been talking about with Grandma Sands makes him think that he has interrupted something important between them (Chapter 12).

A 46 kg pole vaulter running at 11 m/s vaults over the bar. Her speed when she is above the bar is 1 m/s. The acceleration of gravity is...

We use the law conservation of energy to find the solution.

The law of conservation of energy says that the sum of the potential energy at any point of the motion is same. Therefore, if m is the mass of the body (pole vaulter here) , his potential energy at ground level is zero and at a height, h above the ground  the PE = mgh.

His ground velocity is x and the velocity at the height, h  is y, the  kinetic energy at gound is (1/2)mx^2 and at the  height  y is (1/2)my^2. By conservation of energy:

PE+KE of the vaulter at ground =  0 + (1/2)mx^2  = constant k

PE+KE at of the vaulter at height h, = mgh + (1/2)my^2 = constant k

Therefore, from the above two equations and by the lae of conservation of energy:

(1/2)mx^2 = mgh+(1/2)my^2 or

x^2 = 2gh + y^2 , given the ground speed , x=11m/s , speed ar the height h, is y =  1m, we get:

11^2= 2*9.81*h + 1^2. So,

h = (11^2 - 1)/(2*9.81) =  6.1162 meter is the bar height.

In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden is often hypocritical. How is this shown?

One of the aspects of Holden's character that it is almost impossible to ignore is the way that he endlessly rants and raves about characters who he feels are insecure, boring and "phony." Being "phony," for Holden, is a catch-all description that is shown to refer to both those who are deliberately fake and superficial, but also those who are too conventional and typical. However, the biggest example of Holden's own hypocrisy is that his use of the term "phony" reveals ironically only his own superficial nature in terms of the judgements he makes about people. Throughout the novel, Holden is repeatedly shown to choose simple, black and white judgements over more complex and nuanced readings of situations and characters. Note how his judgemental attitude of those around him is expressed when he meets the mother of one of his classmates on the train. When he tells the reader about what her son is really like, he expresses an attitude that shows he is ignoring the more complex realities of his character:

Her son was doubtless the biggest bastard that ever went to Pencey, in the whole crumby history of the school. He was always going down the corridor, after he'd had a shower, snapping his soggy old wet towel at people's asses. That's exactly the kind of a guy he was.

In this quote he condenses an entire person's character into the description of somebody who flicks his towel at other boys, ignoring the different aspects of this boy's personality. Holden simultaneously wants to be recognised for the complex human being that he is whilst judging those around him to be "phony" without getting to know them. He blames people for their superficiality whilst relying on superficial judgements to inform his views and attitudes to those around him. Holden, therefore, shows himself to be hypocritical and the biggest "phony" in the entire book.

In Fallen Angels, what does VC stand for?

VC refers to Viet Cong.  The Viet Cong represented the enemy forces in the Vietnam War against the United States' and Southern Vietnamese troops.  The Viet Cong was also known as the People's Liberation Armed Forces, representing the Northern Vietnamese forces.  Primarily known as a guerrilla force, the Viet Cong possessed some distinct advantages in that they knew the land, had access to better intelligence reports, as well as felt that the primary reason for the war was a defense of their homeland.  While the Americans saw the war as a fight for Communism, the Viet Cong saw it as a battle to prevent an American form of imperialism, similar to how they battled off the French form of imperialism.

What symbol best represents Abigail in the beginning and end of The Crucible? I need this for a project

If you are required to use an object from the play to represent her, I would use the poppet (doll) for Abigail and the play's beginning and end.  When the play opens, Abigail and the other Puritan girls are perceived by their community as having no more use than a doll.  They are denied an education, offered only domestic work as a form of usefulness/employment, and bored.  So, they go to the forest with Tituba to be entertained and to satiate their desire for romance and adventure.

Once Abigail begins her false accusations and has gained fame as the leader of the afflicted girls, she is no longer a doll to be controlled by others' whims--she is now the puppeteer or master of the poppet. The literal poppet made by Mary Warren is Abigail's means to accuse Elizabeth Proctor.  At the end, Abigail steals her uncle's money and flees town, leaving behind a group of poppets who are no longer under her control but who  now have to clean up her mess.

In The Crucible Act IV, what evidence does Hale give as to the effect of witchcraft accusations on the town?

In Act Four, a lot of the frenzy surrounding the initial accusations and hangings of the witch trials has died out, and people are getting a little fed up with so many people being in the jails.  They are starting to doubt the authority of the courts, and wonder how so many people could actually be witches.  In a nearby town, Andover, the people there actually overthrew the court and drove the judges out of town, releasing the people that were in prison.  The townspeople are restless; Abby senses this and bails before they turn on her, and Parris fears for his safety as he finds a knife in his door.  So the mood is much more different than the frenzied hysteria of witches that existed in the previous acts.  As proof of the townspeople's discontent, Hale comments on the impact that so many people in jail has had on the town:

"There are orphans wandering from house to house; abandoned cattle bellow on the highroads, the stink of rotting crops hangs everywhere, and no man knows when the harlots' cry will end his life."

With so many people in the jails, kids are being left without parents, farms are not getting harvested, and livestock is being abandoned, left to fend for themselves.  It is a grim scenario; the town is suffering greatly, and they all fear that Abby will accuse them next (this is the harlot Hale refers to).  This denegration of the town, the children, the farms and livestock all put pressure on the people, and are slowly turning them against the courts.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Do you know any differences (changes/adaptions) between the book and the movie of "My Left Foot", by Christy Brown?If you have any questions,...

The movie was very upbeat at the end, and had a typical Hollywood happily ever after ending. The reality may have been quite different. Rather than having a happy marriage with the woman who had been his nurse, Mary Carr, things appear to have been far from rosy. She had been a prostitute, an alcoholic, and may have contributed to his early death. According to Christy's brother, Mary moved Christy away from his family and neglected him. It is hard to know whether these allegations are true, but I have attached a news article about the story.

Find 3 subtle suggestions the author gives us that this island may not be the paradise the boys expected.

One suggestion is the personality of Jack. His physical unattractiveness and harsh ways prevent him from being elected over Ralph. His treatment of the choir (one boy faints from marching), his contempt of Piggy, and his temper (displayed as he repeatedly slams his knife into tree trunks) strongly indicate his tendency toward savagery. His initial hesitation at killing the pig would make him seem at least a little vulnerable, were it not for his chilling vow to show no mercy the next time. Thus he is introduced as a foreshadow of what will come.

Another suggestion is what has happened outside the island. While Ralph and Piggy are first getting to know each other, Ralph asserts with child-like confidence that his father and the Royal Navy will come rescue them. Piggy however, is not so sure:

"How does he know we're here?"
Because, thought Ralph, because, because. The roar from the reef became very distant.
"They'd tell him at the airport."
Piggy shook his head, put on his flashing glasses and looked down at Ralph.
"Not them. Didn't you hear what the pilot said? About the atom bomb? They're all dead."

So the boys are cut off completely from the outside world, and they may not be able to sustain themselves on the island.

Finally, the boys pull further away from civilization, even in the first chapter. All of them bring childhood perceptions of society to the island, in particular, the need for organization. Piggy tries to organize the boys by finding out their names in order to keep track of everyone. His failure to do this is due both to his ineffectiveness as a leader, and the boys’ general immaturity and unwillingness to cooperate. Ralph shallowly sees the need for the names but does not really understand why. Jack does not see its necessity at all. In lessening degrees, with Piggy being the most civilized and Jack being the least, the boys distance from order brings them closer to savagery.

According to Jonathan Edwards' sermon, what is a constant threat to all human beings?

In his famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," Jonathan Edwards uses strong imagery and effective persuasion in an attempt to convince his congregation to repent their sins and turn to God before it is too late and they are sent to hell forever. Edwards truly believes that people are in constant danger of being sent to hell to spend an eternity in terrible pain and anguish. One example out of the text that shows this is the following quote:

"Oh sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: It is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over by the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder." 

This precarious image of hanging only by a thread creates worry and near panic in the listener.  Edwards believes the only reason people haven't already been punished has been that God has been holding them up - but God's patience is wearing thin, and they are in immediate danger. 

Another example that illustrates the immediacy of the danger they are in is the metaphor comparing God's wrath to a bow bent with an "arrow made ready." This image of God's wrath as a weapon ready to spring further elicits strong emotional reaction - mainly fear.  

I have to use the words nativism and KKK in a sentence.

Although we usually think of the Ku Klux Klan as an anti-black organization, there was a time in history where their big thing was nativism.

This was in the 1920s and a bit before that.  During that time, American culture was changing rapidly.  Especially in the cities, new forms of entertainment were springing up, and people were having more leisure time.  This led to a new culture with flappers and other such examples of a new morality.

The KKK and others blamed this new and (to them) immoral culture on the effects of the immigrants who had come since the 1880s.  Therefore, the KKK came to have a slogan "100% Americanism" and to be mainly a nativist group.

Given this information, you should be able to use both words in a sentence.

Should civilians be able to carry firearms? 3 points would help.

Regardless of the second amendment of the Constitution, you have a choice, the freedom of choice.

You have the right to protect yourself, your family and friends.

You have the right to let Government come into your homes and allow them to tell you what to do.

You have the right the freedom of choice, to allow the government to tell you what health insurance you will have.

You have the right the freedom of choice to ideally sit back and allow criminals to destroy your family your dreams and your personal property.

These are your choices, the freedom of choice, just as I have choices.

Neither of us should have the right to tell the other on how we as free peoples should live because of our personal feeling or believes. We have the freedom of choice.

I respect my God and my Country.

I respect each of your choices in this matter and how you make your choice is your rights and the freedom of choice.

Given to you by those who defend our rights as a free Nation.

I do not go out looking for criminals, that is why we have the local law enforcment.

However, you all know they can not be there in a blink of an eye.

I choose to select how I protect my family.

I choose and have the right to use my local law enforcement if time permits.

I choose  and have the right to use minimum amount of force necessary to protect my family and friends.

If they (the criminals) make me choose to use deadly force, God help me make the right choice, I will use deadly force.

I choose and have the right not to let a Government tell me what to do and how to do it.

I choose and have the right not to let a Government tell me what health care I should use.

I choose and have the right not to have a Socialist Government!, if you chose that you are living in the wrong country.

These are just a few of my freedoms and is my the freedom of choice, to believe God will guide me in my choices..

God bless you and your family.
Most of all
Gob Bless America.

what is the overall theme of "The Ring" by Isak Dinesen?

The overall theme of Isak Dinesen's short story "The Ring" is self-discovery.

The character of Lise is a young woman who has never experienced the self-realization that comes with finding oneself, identifying goals, and realistically look at the world that surrounds us.

Instead, she comes across as a pampered girl with impulsive ways whose fantasy is that of a damsel or princess in search of her prince charming. This prince charming she believes she has found in the husband that she marries less than a week before the story begins.

In her world, she sees herself as a kid playing house rather than as a wife with responsibilities that, at some point, will have to make sacrifices. Being that she has been oblivious to who she is, what she wants or what she even desires from life, she has continued to live life this way.

It takes one encounter with a complete stranger to make her realize that there is another side of her that has been unexplored: The wild and dangerous side of her that is willing to take risks. For this reason, she believes that her life is over after she realizes that she chooses to give up her wedding ring in exchange of her life. Therefore, what is the real value of that ring? That is the question that will forever haunt her now.

Discuss art for art's sake vs. art for life's sake in regards to Paradise Lost?Give the references of different authors.

The idea of both conceptions of art refers to the fundamental premise on why art should be created.  For those who believe in art for arts sake methodology of creation, art is created for its own benefit and that it exists in a world that is outside of social understanding.  Rather, the artist is a distinct force in the world where few, if any, can understand and their voice in guiding the creation of art.  The artist's purpose is to create art and pursue its development in listening to their own voice and that spirit of creation.  Little else matters in this pursuit.  To some extent, we can see this in the Renaissance artists like Michelangelo, or in the Romantic writer John Keats.  In more modern senses, the ending of Joyce's characterization of Stephen Daedalus could also represent such an idea.  In contrast, art for life sake is seen as the creation of art which is to mirror reality or even change it.  In this setting, art cannot exist outside of its social contingencies and is often influenced by it.  Art for life sake is a mode of art where the artist must depict reality in the hopes of changing it or to be an effective mirror of it.  The artist is a part of the world and with their gift of creating art can alter it or mirror it.  They are driven to display this connection through their art.  Lord Byron and Wordsworth would be an example of this, along with Mary Shelley.  Another example could be Flaubert, whose realist beliefs compelled him to create art that was a mirror to reality, though he did not feel it was his place to overtly advocate changing society through the depiction of art.

How much did Gertrude known about King Hamlet's murder? What evidence can you find that she might have known?Evidence of her innocence? Which is...

There is evidence that Gertrude doesn't look too deeply into things. Mostly, though she's probably just gullible and easily won over. After all, it took the Ghost of Hamlet's father to convince Hamlet that a murder had taken place, and Hamlet, himself, was plenty shocked by the news. It seems that everybody believed the story, as relayed by the Ghost that: " 'tis given out that, sleeping in mine orchard, A serpent stung me."

Indeed, during the play within the play in Act 3, Scene 2, it is only the King who recognizes the murder as a re-enactment of his own deed. Gertrude sees it merely as a play.

Then, after the play, Hamlet confronts his mother with the truth of the murder (Act 3, Scene 4), and it takes her a while to comprehend what he is saying. First she says, and it seems honestly: "Ay me, what act, That roars so loud and thunders in the index?" Then he lays it all out for her, and then there's this exchange:

QUEEN:

O Hamlet, speak no more!

Thou turn'st mine eyes into my very soul,

And there I see such black and grained spots

As will not leave their tinct.

HAMLET:

Nay, but to live

In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed,

Stew'd in corruption, honeying and making love

Over the nasty sty!

QUEEN:

O, speak to me no more!

These words like daggers enter in mine ears.

No more, sweet Hamlet!

HAMLET:

A murderer and a villain!

A slave that is not twentieth part the tithe

Of your precedent lord; a vice of kings;

A cutpurse of the empire and the rule,

That from a shelf the precious diadem stole

And put it in his pocket!

QUEEN:

No more!

Even the Ghost is aware that, although she married a murderer and could have done better (or at least waited a while) she is not guilty of the knowledge of the deed or the deed itself.

Way back when he first appeared the Ghost warned Hamlet not to blame his mother (Act 1, Scene 5):

But, howsoever thou pursuest this act,

Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive

Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven,

And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge

To prick and sting her.

So she's guilty of incest, fickleness, dullness, vanity, and superficiality, and will, in heaven, feel those wrongs, but she didn't know there was a murder any more than anyone else did... except Claudius, the murderer himself.

What are the most unique things about Friar Lawrence that are not found in any other characters in the play?

To me, what is different about Friar Lawrence is that he is the only one in the play who does not really have a selfish goal in mind.  He is trying to help everyone else instead of trying to get something for himself.  So even though he messes it all up and causes everyone to die, at least he meant well.

All that Friar Lawrence wants is for the feud between the Capulets and Montagues to end.  That is not a selfish motive.  All the things he does are aimed towards that goal.  Of all the people in the play, only he has a goal that is not mostly tied to himself.

How does Boo Radley influence Scout and Jem's character development?

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Boo Radley had a huge impact on the character development of both Jem and Scout. He taught them that one cannot judge a person on based on something as insubstantial as rumors. Rather judgements should be made based upon their actions.

The children were terrified of the stories they'd heard this about this ghostly neighbor. They were so terrified, that Jem was dared to sneak into the yard and touch the Radley House. Scared beyond belief, Jem tore his pants on the Radley fence while trying to escape. He left them there, but they were soon returned all sewn up.

When Miss Maudie's house was on fire, and the kids were sitting shivering in the freezing temperatures, a silent friend gently placed a warm blanket around their shoulders unbeknownst to them. Boo also left the children treats in the hollow tree until his brother filled the hole with concrete. This was the end of their interaction with Boo until he saved Jems life by killing Bob Ewell.

So they learned that Boo was not some evil entity. Rather he was a gentle souled mockingbird, and once they learned what it was like to walk in Boo's shoes. This lead them to realize one cannot be judge or should not be judged by anything other than their actions.

Can you please tell me about Cecilia's characteristics in "Atonement"?

Cecilia is the oldest daughter of the family, and she is going to college at the time of the opening scenes of the story.  She is back home at for the summer break, and feeling a lot of discontent and restlessness, but not sure why.  She has felt uncomfortable and ill at ease at home, and so is snippy and irritable, especially with Robbie.  She isn't quite sure why she feels this way towards Robbie, but it becomes clear to her after the fountain incident and the misguided note that he sends to her.

As the story unfolds, it becomes apparent that she is a very passionate person; she vigorously defends Robbie and disowns her entire family after they refuse to support him in the trials.  She defends her love for Robbie, showing even more passion on that front.  She is bitter and resentful to her family, and fiercely independent.  After she rejects her family, she moves out, refuses money from them, and makes her own way in the world through her own hard work.

I hope that those thoughts help you on the character of Cecilia.  For themes, try submitting a separate question, as the format of this website allows for one a day.  Good luck!

Why has Crooks been able to accumulate more personal items then the other ranch hands in Of Mice and Men?

Also, although Steinbeck doesn't refer to it directly, the reader gets the impression that he has been the stable buck at this ranch for quite some time, whereas many of the other men working there are truly migrants.

Remember that when George and Lenny first arrived, they were filling the bunks of men who had just left the job, and they themselves were migrant workers moving from farm to farm.

Because of the probable length of time Crooks had been at this one job, he was able to accumulate more.

Please help with a line by line analysis of the poem Mushrooms by Sylvia Plath.There's so many different views and answers. I need a teacher to...

Here is a general summary followed by more a specific line by line breakdown.

Plath’s personification of the mushrooms can be seen as a way of expressing the plight of women in the 1960’s. The ‘perfectly voiceless’ fungus represent the silent but growing majority of women, hidden in darkness, gradually, quietly pushing until they ‘inherit the earth’.

The mushrooms are sinister in their steady power as they ‘shoulder through holes’. The first person narrative further enhances this. Plath makes excellent use of assonance and para-rhyme to express the calm assurance of the ’bland mannered’ mushrooms: seemingly unthreatening, ‘asking/Little or nothing’ and yet compelled to multiply, grow and take over. Their fertility also identifies the connection with women. The final line ‘Our foot’s in the door’ is ominous and threatening in its tone.

Stanza 1 – narrator ascertains that the change will happen overnight and uses pararhyme in whitely/discreetly

Stanza 2 uses assonance to establish the growing process toes/loam

Stanza 3 repetition of us and not being seen gives a sinister edge

Stanza 4 oxymoron of soft fists emphasises calm strength as the mushrooms push through

Stanza 5 explains that though seemingly without senses, the mushrooms are strong

Stanza 6 again they have power despite being ‘voiceless’ and they keep pushing through the poem. Enjambement connects this to the next stanza

Stanza 7 the lack of attention and nutrition (typical of women) is not an obstacle

Stanza 8 Repetition of ‘So many of us!’ becomes sinister and has power in the exclamation

Stanza 9 repetition of ‘we are’ followed by objects to be used/consumed explains the current position of the mushroom

Stanza 10 expresses that the movement is ‘in spite of ourselves’ : inevitable

Stanza 11 Explains that the takeover will be swift ‘by morning’ and contains the Biblical phrase ‘Inherit the earth’. The final line is a sinister warning that this has almost begun.

Sketch a character analysis of Madame Forestier in "The Necklace".

Madame Forestier is a good friend of Mathilde's who has risen above Mathilde in social status.  Despite this discrepancy in their wealth, Madame Forestier does not hesitate to help Mathilde when Mathilde wants jewels to wear to the ball.  Madame Forestier shows her generosity by lending Mathilde the jewelry without hesitation.  The reader senses, however, that the jewels do in fact mean something to Madame Forestier by her reaction when Mathilde returns the necklace later than planned. 

When the two women meet at the end of the story, Mathilde is not the same woman that Madame Forestier once knew.  Mathilde has aged and is in ragged clothes, but she decides that she has nothing to lose at this point by telling Madame Forestier the truth about what happened to the necklace.  When Madame Forestier reveals that the original necklace was not real, she exhibits a great deal of pity toward Mathilde as she realizes what the couple went through to restore her necklace back to her.  This reveals Madame Forestier as compassionate and understanding, which furthers the irony of the story--the reader is left wondering if Madame Forestier would have been mad at all about the original necklace being lost, and wonders if all Mathilde's efforts were for nothing.

What is the significance of Akbar in the history of India?

Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar(b.1542 d.1605) was the son of Emperor Humayun and Hamida Banu Begum.He was the first Mughal emperor to be born in India.His accession to the throne was totally unpredictable.But still he firmed his grasp on the Newly-Recovering Mughal Empire with the help of his regent Bairam Khan.After the Second Battle of Panipat in 1542,Akbar became more confidant as a ruler.Later he dismissed Bairam Khan.

Akbar curved out two policies-

1.Central Administration

2.Matrimonial Alliances

             Akbar always centralised the power within the Emperor.He called himself-''Zin-i-Ilahi'' or the shadow of Allah. He was an able administrator and also a brave soldier.Apart from this,he was a great patron of literature,art & architecture.As examplified by,the ''nine-gems'' or the navaratnas in his court.Also he built the whole city of Fatehpur Sikri and its' interior exquisite palaces,like,Panch Mahal,Jodha Bai's Palace,etc---that emerge his character as a patron of architecture.

Next,his diplomacy by marrying princesses of various provinces,especially,with the Rajput Princesses of Amber,Udaipur,etc.This not only tied his knot with the Rajputs,but also provided him with their extra-ordinary loyalty and military-men as the situation demanded.

Above all---Akbar's Secularness...

He was not a ''Man of Letters'',but was indeed a great patron of education and educated people.He constrtucted the Ibadat-khana or the Hall of Prayer.Next his introduction of the new religion-Din-i-Ilahi or Divine Monotheism.He was both physically and Mentally PURE,which earned his name's meaning (Akbar:Sacred) in true sense.

His social reforms were also awestrucking.He banned sati and tried to legalise widow-marriage.He also increased the marriage-age for both boys and girls.Apart from that,his strong-will for Girl's education was astonishing too.

Lastly,we can say that Emperor Akbar was the "Real father of this colorful Hindustan" as he was the first to unite the Hindus and the Muslims under the same roof.

             We are glad and proud that such an efficient ruler has ruled our motherland....

               ''Padishah Akbar! Zindabad"

Some images are still being reviewed.

What causes the conflict between John Proctor and Reverend Parris?

John Proctor represents the average working man who has made mistakes in his life.  In the play, we find out that John has been unfaithful to his wife.  He confessed the adultery to his wife and she tries to forgive.  However, John did not confess to Reverend Parris and ask for forgiveness which is the Puritan belief.  It is not that Proctor does not believe in the religion, he does not believe in the “righteous” Reverend Parris.  It is through this conflict that Miller displays the hypocrisy in the Puritan belief system.  Parris is human and has made mistakes but he pretends to be infallible which cause the hypocrisy.  In order for Parris to keep his status in the community he had to eliminate all opposition.  Accusing his neighbors of witchcraft became the means for this annihilation.

Why is Candy worried that he will be fired?

There was no such thing as mandatory Workmen's Compensation insurance in the 1930s. Candy was given $250 when he lost his hand in a farm machine, and he has been kept on as a sort of janitor for the past four years. But he knows that his days are numbered and that he would find it impossible to get any other employment if he were fired. He tells George and Lennie:

"I got hurt four years ago. They'll can me purty soon. Jus' as soon as I can't swamp out no bunkhouses they'll put me on the county. Maybe if I give you guys my money, you'll let me hoe in the garden even after I ain't no good at it. An' I'll wash dishes an' little chicken stuff like that."

Being put on the county probably meant being put in a home for indigents, where Candy would be treated almost like a prisoner. To him, the idea of living on a little farm seems like a miraculous alternative. He is ecstatic when George agrees to take him on as a co-owner of the little farm he is planning to buy with Lennie. Candy can't think about anything else or talk about anything else up until the time that he discovers Curley's wife lying dead in the barn. Then he knows that he has lost his only hope of retaining a shred of dignity and independence. He speaks to the dead girl as follows:

"You God damn tramp," he said viciously. "You done it, di'n't you? I s'pose you're glad. Ever'body knowed you'd mess things up. You wasn't no good. You ain't no good now, you lousy tart."

One of the problems with Steinbeck's characters is that they can't seem to manage for themselves. They are handicapped by ignorance and low-grade intelligence. Slim is an exception. George is also a possible exception, and he may go on to have a better life without being burdened by Lennie. For most of the bindle stiffs there is no hope. They are overworked and underpaid, and like Candy they are cast out when they are no longer exploitable.

What other characters does Shakespeare use to advance the Hamlet theme that a hero in one subplot can be the villain in the other?One of the great...

In some sense, Antony in Julius Caesar (not in Antony and Cleopatra) is an example of a dual-natured character, not quite to the extent of Hamlet, but nonetheless, he plays the avenger of Caesar's assassination and certainly comes across as the hero after his funeral speech.  Later, though, in Act 4, he mercilessly plots the murders of over a hundred people, even family members, supposedly to get revenge for Caesar, but in actuality to get rid of competition.

Shylock, too, from The Merchant of Venice can be interpreted as a dual-natured character.  The audience must feel sympathy for him after the way he has been humiliated by Antonio and then eventually when everything he owns and cares about is ripped away from him.  After the court case, he comes across as a sort of tragic hero.  In contrast, Shylock seeks to cut out a pound of flesh from another human being which is definitely villainous desire.

How does Benet use setting to create a mood of suspense and hold our interest? What does this setting reveal about John's character?

The setting seems like it takes place in the time before civilization advanced through industrialization. People seems primitive by our standards and very superstitious as well. Events are referred to with descriptive terms instead of names, such as the City of the Dead, the bitter waters, the gods, and the Great Burning. Clearly, these are not educated people, but hunter gatherer societies. Priests are the only ones allowed to go certain places and do certain things, like enter the city of the dead and touch metal. They are taught chants and words to keep them safe from the spirits. Just enough details keep the reader intrigued by references to things that people of such a primitive nature would not have or know.

John, though primitive by our standards of knowledge today, has enough learning to make him challenge the forbidden things in his culture. His inquisitive nature and the fire in his mind and heart make him a character that will advance or die trying. He is prepared to die for his violations of the forbidden, but he pushes on. He is both courageous and far-seeing.

How do I include a clear thesis statement and focused topic sentence in an analytical essay on "Sonny's Blues"?

Isaiah 51:22 KJV says:

Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again:

God promises to aid His Chosen People, even though they have sinned.  He has been angry, no doubt, but they are still Chosen.  The same it is for Sonny.  He has sinned (with the drug abuse) but he is still the chosen one of the family when it comes to art.

According to the "Biblical Foundation of 'Sonny's Blues'" by James Tackach:

When Sonny's band takes a break, the narrator beckons a waitress and asks her to send drinks to the band members. The narrator watches as the waitress "put a Scotch and milk on top of the piano for Sonny." Sonny does not immediately notice the drink, "but just before they started playing again," the narrator states, "he [Sonny] sipped from it and looked toward me, and nodded. Then he put it back on top of the piano. For me, then, as they began to play again, it glowed and shook above my brother's head like the very cup of trembling" (140-41).

It seems by this biblical imagery and allusion, a kind of holy grail, that Sonny has won his battle against drugs and the older brother, the narrator, will stop trying to control Sonny.  The cup is a symbol of reconciliation.  The previous post is spot on about the duality of the cup: it was one of fury, but is now one of peace.

What are the signs and symptoms, laboratory investigations, and treatment,in case of infection with Blastomyces dermatitis?

Blasto mycosis is a disease caused by infection of the human body with a fungus, Blastomyces dermatitis. Blastomycosis occurs by inhaling spores of Blastomyces (they are found mainly in wood and soil). The disease has a mortality reported to be between 0-2% (in patients immunocompetent) and about 40% in patients with AIDS.Age does not limit the risk to acquire such an infection, because there are cases reported in young children and elderly (ages extreme).

Signs and symptoms

Pulmonary infection can pass asymptomatic (at least in the initial stages), but if the process extends symptoms appear. Impaired of lung is asymptomatic in 50% of patients, and in other cases asymptomatic period is of 45 days (corresponding period of incubation). Not infrequently begins with multi organic diseases. The most commonly affected organs besides lungs, are the skin (in 20-40% of cases), also the bones (10-25%), prostate and other genitourinary organs (5-15%), meninges and brain (5 %). In rare cases, any organ can be affected equally, including the trachea or larynx, eyes and ears. Dissemination occurs especially in patients immunocompromised or with chronic lung disease.

The most common symptoms of blastomycosis  are:

- Chest pain

- Dyspnea, cough (often productive, with brown or reddish expectoration)

- Asthenia

- Fever

- Malaise, impaired health (Malaysia)

-  immobilized joints (with lithic bone involvement )

- Myalgia

- Skin rash (although most cases are missing)

- Sweating

- Sudden drop in weight

- Laryngitis

- Prostatitis (asymptomatic or can cause pain and burning when urinating).

The patient may describe symptoms that mimic a bacterial pneumonia (high fever, chills, productive cough and pleuritic pain) or tuberculosis in long-term damage (due to the evolution of chronic fever, night sweats, weight loss). Also, there are situations when the patient is presenting to hospital in serious condition with symptoms and events that seem to be adult respiratory syndrome: fever, dyspnea, tachypnea, diffuse pulmonary infiltration.

Laboratory investigations useful include:

Blood counts: white blood cell count determination can demonstrate the existence of a leukocytosis.

Pulse oximetry: patients with pneumonia present frequently hypoxaemia. Determination of blood gas is indicated in the presence of tachypnoea, hypoxaemia and pulmonary infiltrate presence.

Microscopic examination of sputum - a test is relatively simple to run, very useful in diagnosis of over 75% of patients with poor pneumonia. Is harvested a small amount of sputum,  on a knife and add a few drops of potassium hydroxide. Cover with a slide and examined microscopically.

Microscopic examination of other fluids, especially pus extracted from pustules or abscesses.

Most frequently performed imaging investigations are:

Radiograph of the chest

Computer tomography (CT) of thorax

Treatment

Patients with blastomicosys quartered in the lung parenchyma did not require treatment unless the infection worse. Patients with subclinical disease should be observed. If the infection spreads rapidly and is increasingly worse, treatment should be instituted immediately. Hint of antifungal treatment also  have the patients with skin involvement (in this case there is not a spontaneous improvement and the patient may develop very ugly scars). Treatment should be instituted to keep in mind the type of damage, the enlargement process, the severity of symptoms, the immune status of patients and drug toxicity.