Paying particular attention to the character of Squealer from Animal Farm, how is language used as an instrument of social control?

In the book, Squealer uses language to help Napoleon stay in power.  He constantly puts particular spins on events and conditions and he uses slogans and such to help control the other animals.

He pleads with the animals, for example, to think of how Napoleon is just watching out for them.  Napoleon would hate it, he says, if they fell for Snowball's tricks.  Here Squealer is trying to get the animals to identify with Napoleon and feel grateful to him.

He uses slogans like "tactics, comrades, tactics" to drum ideas into their heads rather than having them think about anything.

So, by spinning the things that happen, and giving the animals slogans instead of explanations, Squealer helps to keep them under control.

What was Thoreau's attitude concerning the role of the government?

Thoreau declared in his "Resistance to Civil Government," [later titled "Civil Disobedience"],"that government governs best that governs least."  Clearly, Thoreau understood the dangers of a "Big Brother" government that does not allow people to think for themselves, and the importance of individual responsibility. He, like other Transcendentalists, privileged the innate wisdom of the individual over church doctrine and law.  The thinking individual who feels responsibility to mankind does not violate laws, and, as such, he does not need an oppressive government that dictates to him what behaviors he can and cannot have. 

In today's American society, Thoreau would be appalled that people do not possess individual ethics and only arrest their aggressive business or  unethical behavior if they run the risk of violating a law. He would also be appalled that individuals do not think for themselves, relying on the government to provide for them, as well as making sweeping dictations upon their personal behavior. (e.g.wearing of seat belts, talking on cell phones, smoking, uttering certain words in public, etc.) Indeed, Thoreau would be disappointed in people's personal conduct, unthinking actions, and passive acceptance of the dictates of the government.  He would be chagrined that Americans have not transcended their "lower selves and their society."

If supply is perfectly elastic why do the buyers pay the full tax even though the tax may be placed entirely on the sellers?

Whether a tax is paid by a seller or the buyer does not affect the market equilibrium price or quantity. When the tax is paid by the buyers, it has the effect of increasing the purchase price of the buyers. This in effect shifts the demand curve to the left, assuming that the price considered are prices without tax. Extent of this shift will be exactly same as the change in price equal to the tax amount.  However, there is no change in the cost of the suppliers. Therefore the supply curve remains same. The net result is that the equilibrium quantity will reduce in general. For perfectly elastic demand the demand curve will be vertical and the reduction in equilibrium quantity will be same as that in change in supply corresponding to change in price equivalent to tax amount.

In case the tax is paid by the seller the demand curve will not shift, but the supply curve will shift to the right, to an extent equal to the price change corresponding to tax amount. This will again shift the equilibrium quantity equivalent to change in supply corresponding to change in price equivalent to tax amount.

So, in sum we can say that shifting of responsibility for payment of tax between seller and buyer has no effect in equilibrium quantities. The equilibrium prices will change only if the tax rate is changed or if the basic price exclusive of taxes is changed.

What are Johnson's views on Milton's early poems.

In his "Life of Milton," (1780) Dr. Samuel Johnson begins his criticism of Milton's poetry with his criticism of his "juvenile productions." Milton's early poems were in Italian, Latin, and English. Johnson expresses his inability to remark on the Italian poems because he does not know Italian:

"Of the Italian I cannot pretend to speak as a critick, but I have heard them commended by a man well qualified to decide their merit."  Johnson tells us that "the Latin pieces are lusciously elegant; but the delight which they afford is rather by the exquisite imitation of the ancient writers, by the purity of the diction, and the harmony of the numbers, than by any power of invention or vigour of sentiment." They are not all of equal value; the elegies excell the odes."

Dr.Johnson tells us that

"the English poems, though they make no promises of Paradise Lost, have this evidence of genius, that they have a cast original and unborrowed. But their peculiarity is not excellence: if they differ from verses of others, they differ for the worse; for they are too often distinguished by repulsive harshness; the combinations of words are new, but they are not pleasing; the rhymes and epithets seem to be laboriously sought and violently applied."

Johnson sums up his remarks on Milton's early poems saying that

"that in the early parts of his life he wrote with much care appears from his manuscripts, happily preserved at Cambridge, in which many of his smaller works are found as they were first written, with the subsequent corrections. Such reliques shew how excellence is acquired: what we hope ever to do with ease we may learn first to do with diligence."

Johnson concludes by remarking that

"all that  [the] short compositions can commonly attain is neatness and elegance. Milton never learned the art of doing little things with grace; he overlooked the milder excellence of suavity and softness: he was a "lion" that had no skill "in dandling the kid."

Dr. Samuel Johnson was a neo-classicist and John Milton was of the Renaissance, consequently Johnson's criticism of Milton's earlier poems is prejudiced and he praises Milton very reluctantly and grudgingly. Johnson's main criticism of Milton's early poetry is that there is nothing original about it and when Milton tries to be original the results are not pleasing. Whatever merits his early poetry has, it is because of his carefully imitating the classical originals.

How did Italy's topography and geographic location affect Rome's development?

Some ways that Italy's topography and geography affected Rome:

1. Rome is very central to the Italian peninsula.  Therefore, it was in a good place for benefitting from trade within Italy.  Rome was also able to benefit from trade because it was built at a good place to ford the Tiber River.  That meant lots of trade would come through Rome as well.


2. Italy has a lot of good farmland, unlike Greece, and so Italy could support a large population.  That large population helped Rome become a power.


3. Italy sticks down into the middle of the Mediterrranean.  Once Rome conquered Italy, it was well placed for trading around the Mediterannean and also for controlling other areas on the coasts of that sea.

What was the point of juxtaposing chapter 10 and chapter 11 of To Kill a Mockingbird?the juxtaposing part... when ch 10 ends w/ scout and jem being...

At the end of Chapter 10, Scout and Jem are proud of their father, but not for the right reason; they are proud of him because of his prowess as a marksman, which says nothing of his character or morals.  Though Atticus did exhibit what his children perceive to be courage, he was actually only doing what was required of him and using a weapon to do so.  He was in little or no actual danger when he shot the dog.

In Chapter 11, Scout and Jem learn a valuable lesson in true courage.  When Atticus explains to the children that Mrs. Dubose faced her "demon" of her own will and overcame her addiction to morphine despite very real pain, Scout and Jem come to appreciate that courage means facing a situation in which there is no predetermined victor and in which real risk is present.

Juxtaposing the two chapters allows Harper Lee to present a clear contrast of real courage versus what the children mistakenly believed to be bravery.  The message, or lesson, would not have been as obvious and powerful without that juxtaposition.

My girlfriend hasn't had her period for 3-4 months; she is 19. She suffers from dizziness. Why is this happening? Please be specific

She needs to see a doctor--we are not qualified to give medical advice. There are several reasons why this could be happening, though. She could be pregnant, even if you think you have been as careful as possible, and used birth control every time. There is a failure rate for each type of birth control method. Another reason could be if she is very thin, and exercises a lot. If a woman's body fat percentage is below a certain level, it can affect her periods. That said, she needs to get to a doctor, even if only to set her mind, and yours, at ease. If she is also a college student, she can go to the health service.

Thesis for my essay on "My God, My Constitution" by Phil Donahue and how to start the first paragraph. Shouldn't we have prayer in every school?How...

I think you can argue it this way.

1. You might want to argue that in a pluralistic world, the government should support all religions, which means it should not favor any one religion.

2. If you argue the above point, then you can argue for religion and be tolerant, but also take out the phrase "under God."

3. You can also argue for the separation of the state and church. You might to bring out the fact that when Christianity was at its best, this is what they did.

4. Finally, turn the situation around and consider what other countries would look like, if they also allowed freedom of religion.

Why does Homer refer to Agamemnon's story in book eleven of "The Odyssey," starting at line 436?

Homer brings up the story of Agamemnon while Odysseus is visiting Hades as a way to add a bit of foreshadowing to the story, or a way to build up some suspense.

First, remember that Agamemnon was one of the mack-daddies of the ancient world, comparable to Odysseus himself.  Yet, look what becomes of even this great hero:

"As soon as he had tasted the blood he knew me, and weeping bitterly stretched out his arms towards me to embrace me; but he had no strength nor substance any more, and I too wept and pitied him as I beheld him."

He's just another shade among shadows. Without that little taste of blood, he wouldn't have even been able to recognize Odysseus.  Partly, seeing Agamemnon is a way to humble Odysseus and show him the fate that awaits even great heroes.

More than that, though, is the substance of what Agamemnon has to say about his demise.  His wife and her evil boyfriend Aegisthus have set a trap for him:

"He asked me to his house, feasted me, and then butchered me most miserably as though I were a fat beast in a slaughter house, while all around me my comrades were slain like sheep or pigs for the wedding breakfast, or picnic, or gorgeous banquet of some great nobleman."

Notice how this is some foreshadowing of what is going to come for Odysseus upon his return to Ithaca: a feast, a fight, and a slaughter.  Agamemnon is quick to add that he doesn't think that Odysseus' wife will attempt the same thing, but implores the hero to:

"'Be sure, therefore,' continued Agamemnon, 'and not be too friendly even with your own wife. Do not tell her all that you know perfectly wellyourself. Tell her a part only, and keep your own counsel about the rest. "

In essence, he warns Odysseus not to completely trust his wife upon his return.  More importantly, he gives Odysseus this piece of advice:

"...do not tell people when you are bringing your ship to Ithaca, but steal a march upon them, for after all this there is no trusting women."

Indeed, this is exactly what he does, taking a disguise and scoping out the situation at home before revealing himself to the suitors or his wife.

So, to sum it up, Agamemnon's story is included here to show the fate that even the greatest heroes have waiting for them, as well as to put into Odysseus' head the fact that his wife might not be trustworthy after all these years.  Lastly, he suggests a course of stealth when approaching his future home.

What are the characteristics of a Shakespearean sonnet? related to only when to the sessions of sweet silent thought , that time of year thou...

In terms of structure, a Shakespearean sonnet has 14 lines and is written in iambic pentameter.  This means that is has 3 quatrains (4 line sections) and one heroic couplet.  The rhyme scheme, therefore, is abab (quatrain 1), cdcd (quatrain 2), efef (quatrain 3), and gg (heroic couplet).

Like a Petrarchian sonnet, Shakespeare usually presents a problem in the first octet (8 lines) and a solution in the sestet (6 lines) with a volta (a turn) in line 9 which transitions from problem to solution. 

There are some exceptions to this break down.  Sometimes only the couplet can contain the solution.  In Sonnet 116, for example, Shakespeare gives the solution early ("it is an ever fixed mark") and develops his answer throughout the sonnet.  In any case, most of Shakespeare's sonnets deal with the themes of eternity (of art and artist).  Here are a list of other questions to ask yourself:

1.  What is happening in each quatrain?  Are there shifts between each quatrain?  Do the quatrains build on each other?

2.  What purpose does the couplet serve?  Is it a conclusion, or does it restate a message in the sonnet, only in stronger terms?  Does it refute anything from the above 12 lines?  What finality does it provide?

3.  Does the sonnet begin with an image or "scene" from the external world?  Does it use an extended metaphor throughout?

4.  How does the sonnet form a wholeness from the sum of its parts?  What is the speaker's overall message?  Does this message resonate in the internal and external world?

Also, here's what I have from a set of killer lecture notes I've used in the past: (see link below)

http://faculty.ncu.edu.jm/castillo/Class_Notes/Major_Authors/Shakespeare's%20Sonnets%20%20Synopsis.doc

In Life of Pi, what makes the animal story more likely to be the truth about how it really played out on the lifeboat?I personally belive that the...

This is an interesting story, because the animal one, when compared to the human one, becomes, probably the less likely scenario, and rather something that Pi concocted in his mind to survive the harsh realities he had to endure.  The "dry yeastless factuality" of the human story is also incredibly brutal and devastating; refashioning it into animals makes that reality something Pi can cope with without cracking or suffering major repercussions.

To argue FOR the animal story, take into account the thing that makes it so unbelievable:  because it is such a fantastic story, and so out there, it is probably the true one.  How could Pi fashion such a story, with such incredible detail, out of thin air?  Because it is so bizarre (consider the acidic island with lemur-like creatures, for example), it has to be true.  It's like the saying, "You can't make that stuff up."  Also, Pi was very well equipped to deal with the animal scenario--his background in zoology made surviving with a tiger on a lifeboat a very plausible scenario.  He had learned quite a bit at the zoo about alpha males, territories, training and tigers, and he put all of that to use.  If anyone was going to survive, it was going to be him.  He describes such factual clarity and detail on his journey, that is easy to believe that it actually happened.  There would have been stranded animals, after all.  Pi even has explanations for why Richard Parker left, and how he could still be around even though there wasn't evidence of him.

As far as which story you believe goes, Yann Martel himself leaves it up to the reader.  In interviews, he has said that which ending you pick

"will often reflect how they look upon their lives, that people who are more able to make leaps of faith will believe the first story."

So, Martel contributes an ability to have faith and belief to the ability to believe the animal story.  You can go back and forth, debating the possibilities of each ending, and both have sound arguments.  What it really boils down to in the end is which one you want to believe, and whether your belief in the power of the story is enough to sustain you through the animal story.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

In Act 3 of "The Crucible" when Mary Warren says she pretented to faint in court, what is she asked to do?

At this point in the play, Mary Warren is trying to insist that all of the girls that are accusing people of being witches are faking it.  She tells the judges that "it were all pretense," and tries to convince them that they all just got carried away because they were originally afraid of getting in trouble over being caught in the woods dancing and doing other things.  So, judge Hathorne and Parris step up, saying that they had seen her faint away before them in court, before their very eyes, and that when they touched her in her faint, she "were icy cold."  They ask her how this was possible, and when she says that she was pretending, they are incredulous, and don't really believe her.  At this point, they want her to prove that she can pretend, just like she does in court.  They ask her to faint, right there and then.

Mary, put under a severe amount of pressure, with the judges and all of the girls (whom she is accusing of lying) watching her, has to try to pretend to faint.  While this might seem simple, the pressure gets to her, and she can't do it.  The judges are exultant, thinking that they have just proved her a liar--if she can pretend in court and can't now, then she MUST have been bewitched in the court, right?  Mary insists that she "has no feeling for it now," and tries to explain the concept of mass hysteria.  She says that in the courtroom, all of the girls were screaming, going into hysterics, and that the judges believed them, and she just got caught up in the drama, and that is what heightened her emotions and enabled her to faint there.  Anyone who has been caught up in the crowd at a concert, or screamed in a movie theater because everyone else screamed can relate to the poor Mary and her predicament.

I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Jack says that Ralph makes "orders that don't make any sense." Explain what makes sense to Jack.provide evidence (direct and indirect examples) to...

It's not any specific rules made by Ralph that don't make sense to Jack: rules themselves don't make sense to Jack:

There was a moment’s struggle and the glimmering conch jigged up and down. Ralph leapt to his feet.

“Jack! Jack! You haven’t got the conch! Let him speak.”

Jack’s face swam near him.

“And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt, you can’t sing—”

“I’m chief. I was chosen.”

“Why should choosing make any difference? Just giving orders that don’t make any sense—”

“Piggy’s got the conch.”

“That’s right—favor Piggy as you always do—”

“Jack!”

Jack’s voice sounded in bitter mimicry.

“Jack! Jack!”

“The rules!” shouted Ralph. “You’re breaking the rules!”

“Who cares?”

When you've got a spear or a rock or a gun in your hand, what do rules mean? Might makes right in Jack's world, and who's going to stand up and challenge him? The assembly falls apart in the darkness and anarchy awaits.

I know there isn’t no beast—not with claws and all that, I mean—but I know there isn’t no fear, either.”

Piggy paused.

“Unless—”

Ralph moved restlessly.

“Unless what?”

“Unless we get frightened of people.”

Yes. Piggy knows, and he will pay for what he knows with his life.

What is the herb K2 and what are it's uses?

Salvia Divinorum is a plant which derives from part of the mint family. The origins of the plant can be traced back to the Oaxaca Mountains in Mexico and all the best and purest salvia is still produced from this region.we can  buy salvia from some best sellers like potentsalvia ,Though its psychoactive properties have been known to the Mexican Mazatec Indians for ages, it was relatively recent that the plant drew the attention of Western ethnobotanists, and even more recent (the early 90's) that its active component, salvinorin A, was isolated. Salvinorin A turned out to be the strongest natural hallucinogen known to man.

Take derivative d/dx (3tan^(-1)square root(x)) show steps

To find the derivative of (3tan^(-1)square root(x)).

We know that d/dx(f(U(x))) ={ d/dUf(U)} = d/dx f(U)]*d/dx(U(x)).....(1)

(d/dx)(x^n) = nx^(n-1)........................................(2)

(d/dx)tan inverse x = 1/(1+x^2).............................(3)

d/dx[k*f(x)] =  k* d/dx (f(x)  or kf'(x)......................(4), where k is a constant.

We use the above in finding the derivative of the given expression.

Let y = (3tan^(-1)square root(x)) or

y=3 f(u(x)) .........................................................(5), where f(u) tan inverse u and u(x) = sqrtx = x^(1/2).

Therefore,

dy/dx=d/dx{3f(u(x)}  =  3*d/dx{f(U) * d/dx(u(x)

=3 {1/(1+U^2)} ((1/2) x^(1/2 -1))

=3/(1+(sqrtx)^2) }(1/2)x^(-1/2)

=3/{2(1+x)x^(1/2)}

What does the author, Shirley Jackson, accomplish by showing how familiar the proceedings are to the villagers?

The main point is that anything repeated again and again and without sanction can seem to be "normal" and acceptable behaviour over time. Such is the case with the villagers, who accept human sacrifice as a 'necessary evil' simply because it is a ritual entrenched in their culture and 'has always been that way.' No moral issue is even raised as to the right or wrong of such a practice since reference points indicating otherwise have long been lost.

When asked about her motivation to write such a disturbing tale, Jackson stated:

"I hoped by setting a particularly brutal ancient rite in the present and in my own village, to shock the story's readers with a graphic dramatization of the pointless violence and general humanity in their own lives."

Unfortunately, such overpowering pressure to conform to the status quo is not just a matter of fiction or the ancient past. Jackon's story is ever relevant, challenging the reader to reconsider present society's value systems and if they are really 'valid' after all.

In "A Walk in the Woods" what mood is created by Bill Bryson's description of the woods?

The mood that Bryson creates in his book changes quite frequently throughout the course of his book, which is one of the reasons that the book is so entertaining.  It shifts from a tone of sarcasm and hilarity, to reverence for the beauty of the woods, to weariness at the monotony of their sameness.  Throughout the book, he switches between these moods regularly, mixing them to a nice blend.

Bryson uses a reverent mood and tone to convey how the woods are being negatively impacted by human tramplings and disrespect.  He establishes this mood by giving the historical background of the trails and forests, and outlining the impacts of human invasion.  He describes their beauty, their tranquility and their solace.  Bryson also creates a mood of weariness at the monotony of the woods.  As he and Katz walk along, he describes how pretty soon, every tree looks entirely the same, and every sound and leaf all blend into one long and dreary trail.  He is sick of trees and wants to see something else--thsi creates a mood of weariness.  When Bryson is telling many of his stories, a mood of hilarity is produced.  He describes his fear of bears, of the woods and how every noise is amplified and terrifying, and his fearful response--this makes the mood funny and entertaining.

I hope that those thoughts helped a bit; good luck!

What is different about the way children are born and infants are cared for in the community of The Giver?

The first indication we are given that family, birth and care are different in this story is when we are told that Jonas' father is a "Nurturer":

He and the other Nurturers were responsible for all the physical and emotional needs ot every newchild during its earliest life.

Clearly in this community mothers and fathers are not responsible for caring for their babies. Then, in Chapter 2, Jonas remembers when his family "received" Lily when she became one:

Each December, all the newchildren born in the previous year turned One. One at a time - there were always fifty in each year's group, if none had been released - they had been brought to the stage by the Nurturers who had cared for them since birth.

With this and other references to families having to "apply" to have children, we realise that we are in a very different society where children are made and born using "Birthmothers" - women who have been given that Assignment. They are then taken away and cared for by the "Nurturers" until they are one, when they are given to families who have "applied" to have children. As the novel progresses we realise there is very little choice in this world - even who you "marry" is chosen by the elders of the community. Thus children had no contact with their parents and were brought up in a world where they had very little choice.

What would be a good topic sentence for my social essay if the topic was to extent should globaliazation effect our identity?oh and it would be...

Do you really mean "should" here?  I was thinking a more likely topic would be to what extent DOES it affect us.  But assuming you do mean "should" here's what my thesis would be:

Although globalization can have negative effects, it should cause us to identify with all people off the world rather than just with those from our own region or country.

From there, I would talk about how wars and other types of conflict are often caused by nationalism.  When we feel that we as Americans are different from Chinese it is likely to lead to problems.

But with globalization, we have the chance to understand people from other countries much more through the internet and other media.

I'm sure there are many other opinions, and I'm not sure that what SHOULD happen WILL happen, but that's my opinion...

What kind of personality does Ralph have?does he have a artisan, idealist, rationalist or guardian personality.

Ralph is the athletic, charismatic protagonist of Lord of the Flies. Elected the leader of the boys at the beginning of the novel, Ralph is the primary representative of order, civilization, and productive leadership in the novel. While most of the other boys initially are concerned with playing, having fun, and avoiding work, Ralph sets about building huts and thinking of ways to maximize their chances of being rescued. For this reason, Ralph's power and influence over the other boys are secure at the beginning of the novel. However, as the group gradually succumbs to savage instincts over the course of the novel, Ralph's position declines precipitously while Jack's rises. Eventually, most of the boys except Piggy leave Ralph's group for Jack's, and Ralph is left alone to be hunted by Jack's tribe. Ralph's commitment to civilization and morality is strong, and his main wish is to be rescued and returned to the society of adults. In a sense, this strength gives Ralph a moral victory at the end of the novel, when he casts the Lord of the Flies to the ground and takes up the stake it is impaled on to defend himself against Jack's hunters. 

In the earlier parts of the novel, Ralph is unable to understand why the other boys would give in to base instincts of bloodlust and barbarism. The sight of the hunters chanting and dancing is baffling and distasteful to him. As the novel progresses, however, Ralph, like Simon, comes to understand that savagery exists within all the boys. Ralph remains determined not to let this savagery -overwhelm him, and only briefly does he consider joining Jack's tribe in order to save himself. When Ralph hunts a boar for the first time, however, he experiences the exhilaration and thrill of bloodlust and violence. When he attends Jack's feast, he is swept away by the frenzy, dances on the edge of the group, and participates in the killing of Simon. This firsthand knowledge of the evil that exists within him, as within all human beings, is tragic for Ralph, and it plunges him into listless despair for a time. But this knowledge also enables him to cast down the Lord of the Flies at the end of the novel. Ralph's story ends semi-tragically: although he is rescued and returned to civilization, when he sees the naval officer, he weeps with the burden of his new knowledge about the human capacity for evil.

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Ralph's_personality_in_Lord_of_the_Flies#ixzz1cNWQlKjw

Need help in creating a black history museum for black history month. I would like for each grade to have a different project.

I have taught Black History to elementary students and middle school students.  The students always love to hear the stories about Harriet Tubman and her escape.  One of the activities that I did one year was to have each student choose an artifact that could represent something and write a small summary to accompany it.

For example: One student brought in a water hose and wrote a brief summary about the black people being hosed down in the streets when they protested the unfairness.  We put it in the Civil Rights section.  Another brought in a toy bus to symbolize the bus boycotts.

There was a section on slavery and students brought in pieces of cotton, a book and a letter (symbolic of the restrictions that would not allow black people to be able to read and write), and a pillow case for gathering cotton.

They also had a section on leadership.  In this section I had things brought in such as a picture of Martin Luther King Jr., some dolls that represented his family and a cross to represent that he was a minister.  One student brought in a brick to share what was taught at the Tuskegee Institute.

In sections of science and medicine a student brought in a peanut for George Washington Carver, etc.

If you have students who have trouble coming up with an idea think up a list of objects and steer them in the right direction.  Good luck!

What fear does Henry have as he returns to his regiment? How is he recieved? And what loud remarks does Henry make as the regiment waits to fight?

In the classic Civil War novel "The Red Badge of Courage," by Stephen Crane, the main character, Henry Fleming, is nervous as he awaits the first action of his military career. During the initial Confederate attack, Henry's unit repulses the Rebels, but when the Southerners return a second time, Henry turns and runs. After being injured by a fellow Union soldier, Henry awakes and makes his way back to his regiment. He is worried about being called a coward and whether his comrades will accept him when he returns; he soon discovers that because the action was so severe, the regiment was scattered and no one saw Henry run. As his unit awaits the expected Confederate counterattack, the previously timid Henry loudly proclaims that the men will have to fight much harder this time around if they expect to win.

What are the similarities between the short stories "A Rose For Emily" by William Faulkner and "Eveline" by James Joyce?I am in a ENC 1102...

WOW! This is a very interesting question. At first, I, too, thought, what a wierd comparison. But slowly, as I mused upon this question, it began to dawn on me. So here are some of my thoughts.

Both are stories about lonely women.

In Joyce's story, Eveline is a quiet girl, deprived of love or affection, the caretaker of a home sans warmth and paternal care. She has to take care of everything: cook, sow, tidy-up; and when the evening invaded the avenue (to quote Joyce himself), stand forlorn at her window. Like a later day, Lady of Shallot, Eveline saw life outside from inside.

In Faulkner's Emily ( a name that also starts with an E like Joyce's protagonist) is also lonely; in fact, she is more than lonely. She is alone! And alone, she goes about her own life, completely shutting out the outside world -- the Soul selects her own society! We go about reading the story, muttering to herself, what a wierd woman she is, etc, until we discover, to our alarm, that she has been nourishing the dead body of her husband!

Evelyn finally gets a chance to end her solitary, utterly domestic and boring life, by running away with a man she had befriended by her window-side. But she can't. In the last minute, the crowded steamer, the hustle and bustle, the noise, the smell, all become too much for her. She wrenches her hand away from the man and runs back -- home!

Emily is the quiet, upright, taut, silent woman who insists on her dignity, notwithstanding the ghoulish behavior. The police come and remove the body; but Emily is the same: unrepantant, haughty, completely out of touch with society.

What strikes me about your question is how two great writers -- Joyce and Faulkner -- were able to communicate to us about how society can have devastating effects on people, particularly women. Both Eveline and Emily are products of their times. They are expected to be dutiful, obedient ladies, doing what society expects of them. Eveline does, and at what cost. Emily does, too, but only apparently. Evline looks after her father, a no good man who just lives off his daughter's labor. Emily is a dutiful, loving wife -- except that the husband she insists on taking care of has been dead long ago! In Freudian terms both are passive aggressive, Emily far more than Eveline.

I hope this helps.

In your opinion, does Curley's Wife from Of Mice and Men suffer from oppression because she is a woman?

Curley's Wife suffers from oppression and isolation because she is a woman.  Steinbeck uses her as a stock character to represent another type of outcast in his novella of outcasts. While Lennie and George are outcasts because of Lennie's mental handicap and their unusual relationship, while Candy is isolated because of his age and injury, and while Crooks lives a solitary life because of his race, Curley's Wife endures the same type of isolation because of her gender.

Because she is a woman, Curley's Wife cannot communicate with others--something that most of the men on the ranch (with the exception of Crooks) have freedom to do. Because she is woman, she cannot physically move about the ranch as others do without lewd comments being made and suspicion being created. Because she is a woman, she gave up on her dreams for a better life and married to try to ensure some type of security in the insecure times of the Great Depression. Finally, because she is a woman, Curley's Wife must endure treatment from Curley seemingly without a defender.  Even the physically strong Lennie is defended by George and Slim, but Curley's Wife alludes to physical and verbal abuse and receives no outward sympathy or even retribution--again, because of her gender and role as the "anonymous" Curley's Wife.

What is the tone, imagery, metaphor, simile, alliteration, hyperbole, and a prefix or suffix used in "I hear America singing?"

The poetic/literary devices (such as tone, imagery, metaphor, simile, alliteration, hyperbole and prefix or suffix) of the poem “I Hear America Singing” by Walt Whitman include:

 Free verse:

This poem is not written according to formal poetry rules; such as end rhyme employed or blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) the structure upon which the poem is built.

Instead, Walt Whitman writes in free verse -  a looser form of poetry, which is not subject to strict meter, rhyme, and stanzas. One example of this stricter, more formal poetry would be a Shakespearean sonnet.

Free verse does not have regular patterns or arrangements of rhyme and meter. Walt Whitman does not use numerous stanzas in this poem either. In fact, the poem is one stanza.

Tone:

The tone of “I Hear America Singing” is a joyful, positive tone. Walt Whitman is celebrating the everyday life of an average American as he or she goes about his or her daily business and responsibilities. He is showing that happiness, contentment and personal fulfillment are achievable through one being productive and enjoying his daily work. This is what built America. Whitman conveys this thought in this line:

The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam,

Therefore, Whitman is showing the reader his attitude toward everyday working Americans as they contribute to society.

Alliteration:

Whitman does use alliteration in the poem. Alliteration involves words that begin with the same consonant sounds. These words are used successively in the same line. An example of alliteration in “I Hear America Singing” is the repeated use of the consonant ‘s’:

The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,

Hyperbole:

There is a touch of hyperbole (or exaggeration) in the poem. Hyperbole, essentially, overstates or overemphasizes something to make a point. In the first line of the poem, Whitman states:

I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear,

Whitman likens the everyday working lives of average Americans (and their words and actions) to songs, and even carols. He’s exaggerating or overemphasizing a little here to make the point that it is wonderful to see and hear America at work. To him all of this activity is a joyous song, a wonderful carol. Therefore, hyperbole serves to make his point to the reader that what he witnesses before him is something beautiful.

Literal language:

Walt Whitman’s writing in this poem is more everyday plain English and direct.  He means exactly what he is saying and writing. He is not using figurative language in the poem. In addition, in this particular poem, he does not employ metaphors.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, when does Judge Taylor appoint Atticus to defend Tom Robinson?

Although it is obvious that Judge Taylor must have appointed Atticus to be the defense attorney for Tom Robinson long before the beginning of the trial in Harper Lee's novel To Kill a Mockingbird, neither Jem nor Scout discovers this fact until just before the trial. Atticus previously warned his children that they may face trouble at school because of the case, but he never tells them that he was appointed as defense attorney. They first learn of his appointment in Chapter 16 when they sneak into the courthouse hallway to see the excitement first-hand:

...The conversation was about my father.
    "... thinks he knows what he's doing," one said.
    "Oh-h now, I wouldn't say that," said another. Atticus Finch's a deep reader, a mighty deep reader."
    "... Lemme tell you somethin' now, Billy," a third said, "you know the court appointed him to defend this nigger."
    "Yeah, but Atticus aims to defend him. That's what I don't like about it."
    This was news, news that put a different light on things. Atticus had to, whether he wanted to or not. I thought it odd that he hadn't said anything about it--we could have used it many times defending him and ourselves.

Atticus had previously told his brother Jack in Chapter 9, but Scout apparently did not fully understand their conversation:

    "Atticus, how bad is it going to be? You haven't had too much chance to discuss it."
    "... I really can't tell at this stage, Jack. You know, I'd hoped to get through life without a case of this kind, but John Taylor pointed at me and said, 'You're it.' "

In the film version of the movie, this fact becomes evident much earlier, when Judge Taylor comes to Atticus's house to ask him this favor personally.

How did the acts in the document of the Council of Trent (1563), put the Catholic Church in a better position to combat Protestantism?

A series of conferences were held by the Roman Catholic Church between 1542 and 1563 to define Catholic beliefs. These conferences, collectively known as Council of Trent were directed at countering the influence of Protestant teachings.

Some of the major declarations made by the council include the following.

• Church had the sole right to interpret the scripture.


• Scripture and traditions were equally valid source of Catholic faith.


• Tradition includes the writings of apostles, the decrees of popes and councils, and the customs practiced by catholics throughout church history.


• Defined the nature of grace and salvation which rejected the Protestant view of salvation and sin.


• Definition of seven sacraments.


• Reaffirmation of the belief that bread and wine are changed into body and blood of Jesus Christ during Communion.


• Defence of granting of pardons from some of penalty of sins.


• Approval of prayer to the saints.


• Definition of many other catholic doctrines.

The Council of Trent had the effect of a Counter Reformation opposing the Protestant movement. It fulfilled the desire of many to reform the catholic faith without leaving it. The council also created clarity about the catholic beliefs and invested them with formal authority.

Two factors further contributed to the success of this counter reformation - discovery of Americas by Columbus and industrial revolution. Colonization of New World represented by the North and South America helped the church to extend its frontiers to those areas. Also migration of Catholic people to urban areas under the influence of increasing industrialization encouraged formation of catholic parishes and schools. This in turn encouraged formation of distinct Catholic culture.

Why has William Ashby changed his political views in The Witch of Blackbird Pond?

One of the key themes of this exciting novel is the rising sense of opposition to the crown and how this is enacted through the opposition of the townspeople to the new decree of Governor Andros concerning land rights. It is in Chapter 15 that we see a reversal in the way of thinking of William Ashby. Formerly he was an ardent supporter of the crown, and yet suddenly he comes in to the Wood household to join the meeting of the men discussing their options:

Some time ago William had arrived, offered his usual courteous greetings to the women, and then, instead of taking his place by the fireside, had astounded her by knocking boldly on the company room door. More surprising still, he had been admitted, and there he had stayed, behind that closed door, for the past half hour.

When Kit asks Judith about what has brought about this sudden change of thinking in William, she tells her that William had begun to agree with Matthew Wood and his political ideas about two months prior to this when he had to start paying such high taxes on his land.

In what way does Golding's Lord of the Flies demonstrate that the evil in humans destroys civilization?I have to chose whether Golding's novel...

To me, the novel shows the first of these two -- I would argue that it shows that the evil in humans destroys civilization.

When the kids are stranded on the island, you can not really say that they are bringing civilization with them.  They are mostly too young to have been affected all that much by civilization.  So they are pretty much starting their own civilization.

But as the book goes on, the kids' own innate selfishness makes them unable to work for the common good.  Because they all act selfishly, they cannot maintain their "civilization."

So I think Golding is trying to say people destroy civilization, not the other way around.

What are the disadvantages of industrialization?

The major disadvantages of industrialization was the change in farming methods, culture of the farm town,  and potential industrial collapse when the community has a single industry.

Thanks to industrialization, farmers left the fields in favor of a steady pay check.  This gave rise to bigger farms which required newer technology to grow product faster and be able to weed easier.  Thus, the hybrid seeds that have less nutritional value and pesticides which destroyed things other than weeds, like birds.

The culture of the farm town also went away.  Farm towns were places where communities of people came together to help each other out in hard times.  The towns were small, the schools were small and children had a harder time slipping through the cracks because everybody knew everybody else.  One could argue that this was not always a good thing.

Then there is the problem when the factory closes, creating too many families where the bread winner no longer had a pay check.  Think about the steel towns in Pennsylvania or the iron mines in Northern Minnesota, or more recently, the Motor City of Detroit without the car industry.  Without a back up industry, families move; often leaving their now worthless home behind, creating ghost towns and micro depressions within those areas.

There were many advantages to industrialization, and one shouldn't minimize them, but it did change many things for the worse.

How can I analyse Paul Gauguin's Tahitian series with reference to postcolonialism?

This question is very interesting to me because I have a foot each in the world of the colonizer (I'm American, half-white) and the colonized (My father is a native Filipino, born and raised there.  Also, I lived all of my childhood in Micronesia).  So questions of how the colonizers and the colonized relate to each other are interesting to me.

Personally, I do not think that these paintings by Gauguin show postcolonialism.  Instead, I would say that postcolonialists would criticize Gauguin's paintings.  They would say that his paintings are from the point of view of the colonizer.

Postcolonialism is supposed to show that colonized people are not all the same.  It is supposed to rethink the relations between the colonies and the colonizers.  But I think Gauguin's work stereotypes the colonized people he paints.

Gauguin's Tahiti paintings are all in a primitive style, as if emphasizing that the Tahitians were different from and less civilized than Europeans.  They also mostly show women and children, most of whom are at least partly naked.  To me, the nudity emphasizes that Tahitians are backward and invites us to think of them as sex objects.  In addition, I think that Gauguin's choice to only show women and children implies that Tahitians are not strong.

All of this is in line with colonialist ideas, not postcolonialist ones.

How do managers become a very powerful & respected group in modern society?arugue or against

Power and respect that managers have can be attributed to two sources. First is the power and position they enjoy as a part of their job within the organizations they manage. Managers also receive some secondary power and prestige because of their position in the society in terms of their economic and social status.

Managers, are delegated many powers or authority to enable them to perform their work within the organization. This authority enables them to influence the actions and outcome of actions of many people. Managers exercise influence over the people they supervise is very clear. But managers also influence many other stakeholders of the company including customers, suppliers, shareholder and community in general. Because of this authority, others tend to treat them with respect avoid confrontation with them. This is the power managers derive directly from their jobs.

In addition, managers enjoy better status in the society for several reason. Capable manager with right combination of education and skills are not easily available. Also they have a substantial impact of the performance of the organization they manage. This increases the demand of good managers. Thus we are faced with high demand for managers with limited supply, leading to higher remuneration. This gives them more financial power. This also creates an image of managers as capable and successful people. This contributes to the secondary power and respect enjoyed by managers.

Why did Sodapop drop out of high school and why does Darry worry about Ponyboy more than Sodapop?I just wanted to know because i didnt understand...

Sodapop, Ponyboy and Darry are the three handsome Curtis brothers in Susan Hinton's teen novel "The Outsiders." Sodapop drops out of high school when his greaser girlfriend Sandy gets pregnant. He finds out that the father is another girl, but he wants to marry her anyway; she ends up moving to Florida. He winds up working in a gas station with his best friend, fellow greaser Steve Randle. Darry worries about Pony more than Soda because he is younger and has no common sense. Additionally, he fears that his involvement in the greaser lifestyle will get him killed, just like the Curtis's parents, who died in a car accident. Darry cannot stand the thought of losing his younger brother.

solve 3^x+2=11

The equation 3^x+2=11 has to be solved.

Subtract 2 from both sides of the equations.

3^x + 2 - 2 = 11 - 2

3^x = 9

Now express 9 as a power of 3, 9 = 3^2

3^x = 3^2

As the base is equal of both the sides of the equation, the exponent can be equated

This gives the solution of the equation x = 2

At x = 2, 3^x + 2 = 3^2 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11

What are the 5 story elements in "The Storm" by Kate Chopin?the theme, the setting, characters,symbolism

The theme is sexual awakening. The title "The Storm" is a metaphor for sexual stirrings. This metaphor is a mirror for Calixta's passion that is stirring inside of her. The oppressive heat that requires her to loosen her collar is symbolic of emerging sexuality. (She is loosening her inhibitions.)

The setting is in 19th century Louisianna. There are strict morals about marriage vows. Also women were supposed to not have sexual passion but only "let" men have sex with them, within the boundaries of the marital relationship. Chopin went against the grain this way presenting women characters that opening responded to their sexuality and passion.

In the setting it shows the onset of a fierce storm. In the beginning she is not even aware a storm is coming but she feels the heat; then when the storm becomes bad a man(Alcee) appears asking for shelter from the storm.

He helps her with the clothes. While they are together in the house sexual tension builds and  she stumbles into his arms by accident but lets her passions go naturally. In the end they both go back to their regular lives.

How did the Kennedy administration alter the direction of the Cold War, at least temporarily?

Kennedy, having had sailors under his command die in the Pacific and having endured the death of his older brother over Germany during World War II, had an appreciation of what warfare and the rank of Commander in Chief meant.  The major Cold War event during his tenure was the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, where, as it is written, the Cold War almost turned Hot. Very hot, since both sides' missiles carried nuclear warheads, and full missile deployment would have guaranteed the destruction of all humankind. Although he took a "hardline" stance with this issue (presumably because Cuba was so close to the US), after the crisis was resolved he attempted to mitigate  conflict with the Soviet Union and China, both of whom had embraced Communist ideology, and against which the US could not stand alone. Kennedy's "Bear any burden" speech reflects his approach to the Communist beliefs by fighting the opposition with words and ideas, and only as a last resort militarily, believing that the Pen was indeed mightier than the Sword.  Had he remained alive and his attempts to remove advisers from Vietnam been realized, the US may have been able to avoid that war.  After his death, the "hardliners" came to power, engaged in military conflicts against the Communists throughout the world, particularly in Vietnam, and brought about the awful, and well-known results.

In The Crucible, Act 3, how does Hale's attitude toward Elizabeth's lie and Abigail's deception differ?

Rev. Hale is one of the few dynamic characters in the play.  By the time that the action in Act 3 has advanced, Hale has recognized the injustice of the court and the deception not just of Abigail but of all the girls. So, when Elizabeth is hauled into court from her jail cell in order to give her reason for firing Abigail, Hale is already firmly on the side of right--Proctor's, Frances Nurse's, and Giles Corey's side.  He knows that what the court and girls are doing is grievous and indefensible and can no longer play a part in it.

When Mary Warren's testimony falls apart in the court, the last opportunity available to stop the girls' deception is seemingly John Proctor's confession that Abigail started the accusations to save herself and get back at his wife.  Elizabeth's answer to the question of why she fired Abigail is all-important because it can provide a motive for Abigail's accusations.  However, for once in her life, Elizabeth lies to spare her husband, and Rev. Hale's immediate reaction is that

" 'it is a natural lie to tell' " (Crucible, Act 3).

Hale believes that any good wife would tell such a lie in defense of her husband, and Elizabeth's motivation for telling the lie is to spare someone.  In contrast, Abigail's motivation in being false is to hurt others.  Hale despises Abigail's deceit because of the dishonor that it has brought to his God's name, his profession, and because of the horror it has spread throughout the town.

What roles do the boys have within the society of the island?

William Golding's "Lord of the Flies" is highly symbolic. Each of the major characters - Ralph, Jack, Piggy, and Simon - stands for various characteristics of the human being.

Ralph is a natural leader, but only because of his appearance, his good looks, his athletic body, and his apparent calmness. However, the true test of a leader is whether or not others will follow him. The boys on the island soon fell away from Ralph's influence because he was "too serious." He wanted them to always work; i.e., building shelters, keeping the signal fire going, etc. He needed to "chill out" and let them be little boys once in a while, having some fun.

Jack, Ralph's nemesis, is more clever than Ralph, and he knows what the boys want. "I got you meat!" He is the hunter, the provider, and he fulfills the boys' immediate needs. He fills their stomachs! Ralph only offers them the intangible "hope of rescue." In other words, Ralph offers them a possible future, while Jack gives them a definite "now." It reminds me that most drug dealers, actors, athletes, and prostitutes all make better salaries than most teachers, priests or philosophers for the same reason.

Piggy is the brains behind Ralph, but Piggy (as his name implies) is fat, making him an outcast. He has glasses, asthma, is lazy, whines, and is, in essence, the stereotype of a nerd. He has great ideas, but the boys can't see past his shortcomings to grasp the wisdom of what he has to say. He is, in many ways, more of a threat to Jack than Ralph is because of his intelligence.

Simon is the most complicated character on the island. He is shy, younger than the other three mentioned, calm, a little aloof, and very kind. He is constantly thinking of others - feeding the little'uns (little ones), continually working on building the shelters, trying to convince the others that "the Beast" is not "out there" but is within themselves, and frequently venturing off alone into the forest to "think." He is the one who finally encounters the evil on the island (in the form of the Pig's Head) and later discovers that "the Beast" is not someone or something to fear but simply a parachutist caught in a tree at the top of the island. When he descends the mountain to free the boys from their fear of "the Beast," they mistake him for that very "Beast" and kill him.

Ralph and Jack both represent leadership, Ralph's being a form of democracy and Jack's being a dictatorship. I think they both also represent "the body." Piggy definitely represents "the mind," and Simon is "the soul." Unfortunately, Ralph (the good leader) needs a Piggy giving him solid ideas and a Simon giving him a spirit to be successful. Jack, on the other hand, manages to eliminate both Piggy and Simon, and he would have killed Ralph if the boys had not been "rescued" by a Navy ship at the very end of the book. Ironically, they are "rescued" by a group who are playing the same dangerous "game" the boys were playing on the island, but their game is involvement in a world war.

Golding's message is, I feel, quite pessimistic; however, I feel that as long as there are Piggys, Simons, and Ralphs in the world, there is a chance to counterbalance the Jacks and make "this island" a happy and wonderful place to live.

Compare Crispin's world in England of 14th century with today.what are the parallels of crispins time with our time now?

The closest comparison to our time and Crispin's would have to go back to the time of slavery. The peasants were owned by their feudal lord in the sense that they could not leave town, baptize their children, or even marry without the lord's permission. In return, the lord was to provide protection to his people. Where people live is not dictated by a lord, but by the economy;where someone lives depends on their income and what they can afford. Crispin and his mother would be entitled to social security benefits if the father is dead before the child reaches 18 (21 if in college). Their diet was very unhealthy. Crispin would have been in school, not laboring in the fields. There he would qualify for free or reduced lunch prices (and breakfast) and a more balanced diet. The laboreres would be paid in money, not protection! The tax burden would not be solely on the peasants. Crispin would have been placed in a foster home when his mother died until he reached 18. Bear would have to have a business license to perform in public, and he might even be arrested because he was loitering in a public place and possibly creating a public nuisance. Crispin would have had a birth certificate and know exactly how old he was. His mother would have been buried in a casket in the cemetery, not a shroud. The boy could not have been declared a wolf's head and been hunted down, marked for death at anyone's hand. There would be a detention facility with sanitary conditions and nutritious food with a jury trial later on. I doubt a case could be made against him for theft or murder, and since he's a child, he wouldn't be executed. Historical fiction like this novel really is an eye-opener. People complain about things in their lives that aren't fair. Picture living in the past!

How is “Theme for English B” an example of literature of encounter?

"Literature of encounter," being defined as the writing of one culture in an apprehension of the cultural other, is present in Langston Hughes's "Theme for English B."  As a freshman in college, the "only colored student in my class," Hughes expresses some anxiety about writing his theme.  However, as he considers what to write, Hughes realizes that while he is part of Harlem, Harlem is also part of New York: "The steps from the hill lead down into Harlem."

Another dilemma that Hughes faces is the fact that what is "true" for him may differ from what is true for the whites in his class.  For, truth contains personal realities.  Hughes considers that he likes "Bessie, bop, or Bach." Because he enjoys Blues, which is uniquely black music at that time, bop, and classical, which is white, Hughes concludes,

I guess being colored doesn't make me not like/the same things other folks like who are other races./So will my page be colored that I write?/Being me, it will not be white./But it will be/a part of you, instructor./Your are white--/yet a part of me, as I am a part of you./That's American.

The truth, the reality, for Hughes is an existential one:  A person is a body full of thoughts and ideas of others which he attempts to mold and make his own in some way.  But, in composing oneself, a person must encounter the other cultures in his life.  Therefore, this other culture does, indeed, become a part of one's essence.

An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow speed in the narrower...

The rate of flow of a liquid in terms of volume per second is equal to the flow (linear) speed of the liquid multiplied by cross sectional area of the pipe.

In the the given example let us say that:

The rate of flow of the liquid is V m^3 per second

The initial flow speed is s1 m per second, and

The initial area of pipe is a1 m^2.

Then: V = s1*a1

But s1 is given to be equal to 12 m/s. Substituting this value of s1 in above equation we get

V = 12a1

When the radius of the pipe is narrowed town to half of original, let us say:

The flow speed changes to s2, and

area reduces to a2.

However as V remains same, in this case:

V = s1*a2

Therefore: 12a1 = s2*a2

Therefore: s2 = 12*(a1/a2)

Area of cross section of a pipe is proportional to square of its diameter. Therefor if radius of is reduced to 1/2 of the original radius the cross section area gets reduced to (1/2)^2 = 1/4 th of the original area.

Therefore a1/a2 = 4

Substituting this value of a1/a2 in above equation for s2 we get:

S2 = 12*4 = 48 m/s

Therefore option D0 is correct.

What are some of the major conflicts that occur in Chapters 7, 8, and 9 in Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry?Give general answers please, I don't need...

The biggest conflict in Chapters 7, 8, and 9 are focused on the boycott by some of the black residents of the area against the Wallaces' store.  Everyone knows that the Wallaces' were the perpetrators in the vicious attack on the Berrys, but nothing is being done to bring them to justice because they are white and the Berrys are black.  In addition to this, the Wallaces are luring black youths in the community to drink and dance at a room behind the store, and many of the young people are succumbing to the temptation in defiance of their parents' directives.  Because of this, some of the black families organize a boycott of the store, going into Vicksburg to purchase their supplies instead.  Mr. Granger, the local landowner, threatens dire consequences for those who do not return to do business at the Wallaces' store, but some families, including the Logans, persist in doing their shopping elsewhere.

In addition to the boycott, other conflicts in these Chapters include the Mama losing her job, T.J.'s downward spiral, and the friendship overtures of Jeremy Simms.  Mama is fired from her job as a teacher because her participation in the boycott is highlighted by T.J., who is generally a troublemaker and is resentful of Mama for failing him last year.  T.J. is getting into more and more serious trouble as time goes on, and when his loose talk gets Mama fired, the kids at his school, in solidarity with the Logans, shun him.  No longer able to get the attention he craves from his black schoolmates, T.J. starts hanging around with the older Simms boys, who are obviously cultivating his friendship for no good; T.J. is clearly headed for trouble beyond that which he can handle.  An additional conflict addressed is the problem of Jeremy Simms, a white boy who seeks the friendship of the Logan children.  Pa advises Stacey in particular to have nothing to do with Jeremy, because in Mississippi, dealings with white folks almost always means trouble, and it will more than likely cost "too much to find out" if the situation with Jeremy is an exception.

A final conflict occurring in these Chapters is the risk Pa undertakes to continue going to Vicksburg to get supplies, despite the threats of the white community.  On his last run, Pa is indeed ambushed, and he and Stacey are lucky to escape with their lives (Chapters 7, 8, and 9).

What kind of fiction is Cervantes' "Don Quixote"?

Don Quixote de la Mancha is considered one of the masterpieces of world literature. The novel narrates the travels of an insane old man who, believing he is a knight-errant, leaves his village of La Mancha and searches for adventure on the highways and in the villages of seventeenth-century imperial Spain. While the two parts of the novel, published in 1605 and 1615, can be read as a unified whole, they differ considerably in style and approach. The first part is considered by many critics to be a straightforward parody of chivalric romances, while the second part is a more ambitious, self-referential work that involves the reader in an examination of the nature of literature itself. Both parts of the work are rich in humor, social and political commentary, and psychological insight. Some of the major themes that Don Quixote explores are love, imagination, morality, societal norms, class, honor, and the relationship between art and nature. Since its publication, Cervantes's novel has inspired the work of the world's great writers, artists, and composers, including Jorge Luis Borges, William Faulkner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, Henry Purcell, Friedrich Mendelssohn, and Richard Strauss. It remains as popular today as when it first appeared and is admired for its depth and complexity as well as for its appeal as a supremely entertaining story.

How is Jose different from Angel in Buried Onions?How might Angel have reacted if he had been there when Eddie saw Mr. Stiles' truck?

Jose has managed to rise above poverty and racism and has made something of his life by joining the Marines. Jose is proud, and acts all macho, but Eddie senses that  Jose, "deep down in his heart, (is) OK." Eddie has learned a bit about responsibility and integrity in the Marines, and when Eddie sees Mr. Stiles' truck as they are leaving a restaurant, Jose acts decisively in attempting to get the truck back to Mr. Stiles, the truck's rightful owner. Jose convinces Eddie to call Mr. Stiles to tell him to come and pick up his truck, while he himself goes to make sure that nothing happens to the truck in the meantime. For his efforts, Jose is stabbed by a group of young gang members, and ends up in the hospital, critically injured.

Angel is an entirely different character than Jose. He is a hoodlum through and through, and spends his days getting high on drugs or glue. Angel has no conscience, and if he wants anything at all, he simply steals it. He is "vicious, sneaky," and has "slammed baseball bats on other dudes...and still manage(s) to eat his tortillas and sleep well." If Angel had been with Eddie when Eddie finds the truck, he probably would have wanted to vandalize it, or steal it for his own purposes. Eddie suspects that Angel was the one who stole the truck from him in the first place; it would be totally consistent with his character to see the truck only as a means to benefit himself.

In Chapters 27-30 of Great Expectations, which three love affairs is Dickens contrasting? Comment.

The three love affairs that are contrasted in these chapters are those between Pip and Estella, Herbert Pocket and Clara Barley, and Joe Gargery and Biddy.

The object of Pip's desire, Estella, has been raised to be cruel and heartless, incapable of giving or receiving true love. She is completely upfront with Pip about her nature, telling him that she has "no heart," yet he is infatuated with her, and cannot let her go. Guided by the twisted machinations of Miss Havisham, who adopted Estella as a baby and brought her up, Pip's and Estella's relationship is one-sided, superficial, and doomed from the start (Chapter 29).

A simple but loyal character, Herbert Pocket is mired in familial expectations that he does not quite understand. He wonders that children like himself "of not exactly suitable marriages, are always most particularly anxious to be married," and notes that he and his siblings "are all engaged, except the baby." Herbert's betrothed is Clara, who is "rather below (his) mother's nonsensical family notions," and he actually cannot marry her quite yet, as he has still to "realise Capital," or make enough money to support her. Nonetheless, Herbert's intentions and love are true, and he enlists Pip's aid in realizing "the affair of his heart" (Chapter 30).

The relationship between Joe Gargery and Biddy demonstrates the essence of true love. Joe is a simple man with a great heart, uneducated, yet capable of giving complete devotion and love. Biddy shares the same depth of character, and tactfully guides him in his dealings with the often less than noble Pip. Joe holds a special fondness for Pip, and when he asks her to write to the boy to request an audience with him, Biddy is aware that Pip scorns Joe for his lack of sophistication and inserts a line cautioning him to be kind, saying, "I hope and do not doubt it will be agreeable to see him even though a gentleman, for...he is a worthy worthy man." Joe's and Biddy's love for each other is the opposite of Pip's and Estella's, and a fulfillment of Herbert's and Clara's; it is uncomplicated, totally selfless, and true (Chapter 27).

Name important events in the plot of The Scarlet Ibis, two sentences describing them, and why they are important in Brother's story?

    The single most symbolic event in James Hurst's short story, "The Scarlet Ibis," occurred when the bird tumbled from the bleeding tree and died in Doodle's yard. An omen of bad luck, the death of the bird was particularly traumatic to Doodle, who sympathized with the beautiful "red, dead bird" and may have seen similarities between it and himself. He suddenly lost his appetite and went about burying the ibis, "slowly, while singing 'Shall We Gather at the River.' " 

Its legs were crossed and its clawlike feet were delicately curved at rest. Even death did not mar its grace, for it lay on the earth like a broken vase of red flowers, and we stood around it, awed by its exotic beauty.

Later, "Doodle said he was too tired to swim," and his brother realized even more clearly that their regimen to make Doodle like one of the other boys had failed. As the lightning neared and the rain poured, Doodle's brother left him behind amid the little boy's cries for help. When the brother returned, he found Doodle with his head down,

... Limply, he fell backwards onto the earth. He had been bleeding from the mouth, and his neck and the front of his shirt were stained a brilliant red... He sat very awkwardly, with his head thrown far back, making his vermilion neck appear unusually long and slim. His little legs, bent sharply at the knees, had never before seemed so fragile, so thin. I began to weep, and the tear-blurred vision in red before me looked very familiar.
    ... For a long time, it seemed forever, I lay there crying, sheltering my fallen scarlet ibis from the heresy of rain.

In the end, Doodle resembled the "red dead bird," with the bloody shirt and the awkwardly bent legs. Like the bird, who had flown farther than anyone could have imagined, Doodle, too, had lived a life longer than even his family had predicted. The story ends with the brother admiring his own fallen, exotic beauty.

What is the irony in "A Worn Path"?

In this poignant story "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty the old lady Phoenix  Jackson makes a long and arduous journey across the countryside to the town of Natchez.  On the way she meets a black dog with a "lolling tongue." She hits the dog lightly with her cane, and the effort knocks her off balance and she falls into a ditch.

The dog's owner, a white hunter, happens by and helps her out of the ditch. When he hears that she is attempting to make it into town, he says it is too far and tells her to go home. But Phoenix is determined, and the hunter laughs, saying "I know you old colored people! Wouldn't miss going to town to see Santa Claus." While he is laughing, a nickel falls out of his pocket. While he momentarily turns his attention to his dogs, she snatches the nickel from the ground, "with the grace and care they would have in lifting an egg from under a setting hen."

Just before the hunter goes on his way he remarks condescendingly,

"I'd give you a dime if I had any money with me."

The irony of course is that the hunter does not know that he has already given her a nickel -which is actually worth five dimes -without even realising it! The white hunter thought he would be doing a great favour to black Phoenix Jackson by giving her a dime but actually he has given her five nickels!

A little later after Phoenix Jackson has collected the medicine for her grandson, the attendant at the hospital takes pity on her and gives her a nickel. The story ends with Phoenix Jackson deciding to buy her grandson a paper windmill with the two nickels she has: "I going to the store and buy my child a little windmill they sells, made out of paper."

What is a short summary of the poem "If" by Rudyard Kipling?

Perhaps the most celebrated poem of Rudyard Kipling, If, composed at the turn of the 20th century (published in his collection, Rewards and Fairies, 1909) is a glorification of Victorian stoicism, a didactic poem that strongly highlights the virtues of 'grown-up' living: the way a son becomes a man.

The opening lines exude the imperative need of self-confidence, of courage to combat disapproval, the need to ignore doubt and make allowances for it. The poem is instructional in attitude, motivational in tone as the poet goes on advising the virtues of patience, honesty, fortitude and righteousness.

The conditional 'if', which is the title of the poem, refers to all the blocks in the way to full maturity, all the doubts & fears, all adversities that are to be solemnly and stoically overcome as a necessary pre-condition to true and perfect manhood.

The poem was said to have been written keeping the failed 'Jameson Raid' (the raid led by Dr. Leander Starr Jameson against the Boers in Southern Africa) in mind. It was about the mottos and maxims for right behaviour and self-development.

Why does Linda tells the boys "Get out of here both of you and don't come back"

Although she doesn't know it absolutely, it is already too late to save Willy, but she tries:

LINDA: Get out of here, both of you, and don’t come back! I don’t want you tormenting him any more. Go on now, get your things together!

Oblivious to Willy's deep suffering, Biff and Happy earlier abandoned their father at Frank's Chop house where they were all having dinner together:

LINDA: You’re a pair of animals! Not one, not another living soul would have had the cruelty to walk out on the man in a restaurant!

BIFF (not looking at her): Is that what he said?

LINDA: He didn’t have to say anything. He was so humiliated he nearly limped when he came in.

HAPPY: But, Mom, he had a great time with us...

BIFF (cutting him off violently): Shut up!

(Without another word, Happy goes upstairs.)

LINDA: You! You didn’t even go in to see if he was all right!

BIFF (still on the floor in front of Linda, the flowers in his hand; with self-loathing): No. Didn’t. Didn’t do a damned thing. How do you like that, heh? Left him babbling in a toilet.

LINDA: You louse. You...

BIFF: Now you hit it on the nose! (He gets up, throws the flowers in the wastebasket.) The scum of the earth, and you’re looking at him!

LINDA: Get out of here.

What Linda doesn't know is that without his sons, especially Biff, Willy has nothing. And with his sons, especially Biff, Willy has to face the lies that make up his life. So Willy just can't go on. There is no solution; she can't kick Biff out, and there's no way he can stay. Her husband is hopelessly doomed.

What were the causes of the Great Depression? Like, what caused it to crash?i need the details

I'm not sure if you're asking about the causes of the Depression or of the crash of the stock market.  The crash of the stock market starts the Depression going, but it wasn't really the cause.  I'll try to talk a bit about both, but the causes of the crash are way easier and more agreed-upon than the causes of the Depression as a whole.

The stock market crash was caused by the prices of the stocks going up too fast -- much faster than they should have.  This was caused in part by it being very easy for people to borrow money to buy stocks (called buying on the margin).  So the stocks cost way more than they were worth and when this was realized, the "bubble" burst and the stock market crashed.

But the stock market crash wouldn't have caused a Depression if the economy had been stable beforehand.  The economy wasn't stable.  Some reasons that historians often give:

• Too much production of goods while workers were too poor to be able to keep buying them.


• Relatedly, too much concentration of income in the hands of the rich.


• The government didn't regulate banks and the economy in general as much as it does today.

But I have to emphasize that these are relatively liberal interpretations and conservatives and economic historians totally disagree with them.

Discuss the idea that "The Lady of Shalott" is a poem about transgression and punishment."

"The Lady of Shalott" by Alfred Tennyson can be seen as a poem about transgression and punishment, which may have been how some readers in the Victorian era read it, especially those of a Puritanical persuasion, although this is not one of the commonly attributed primary themes. The Lady of Shalott was happily living in a high tower under both an enchantment and a curse. Tennyson directly states the existence of the curse but only suggests the existence of an enchantment.

The Lady's occupation is to weave the scenes of life in Shalott as they go on below her tower window by the aid of a mirror suspended from the ceiling angling downward to reflect to her vision the activity below. Her enchantment is that she is able to weave on her loom the rapidly changing scenes of life as they fly past behind her while she sees their "shadows" in her mirror. She is quite happy until one day she sees a funeral, which she has seen before, wend its way to Camelot followed by "two young lovers lately wed," after which she cries, "I am half sick of shadows."

It is afterward that she sees Lancelot returning to Camelot. He "flamed" in the "dazzling" sun while he "ever kneeld / To a lady...,"though only in his shield, which "sparkled." His equipage "glitter'd" like "stars" and his "bells rang merrily." She, the enchanted, became in an instant enchanted with Lancelot. She ran to the window and directly looked at life, directly partook of life, to see Lancelot. Her life was forfeit, the curse enlivened.

In terms of the theme of transgression and punishment, the Lady's transgression would have been that she threw wisdom aside and partook of the forbidden pleasures of life. Her punishment would be that she was irrevocably subjected to the inexorable consequences of the curse, creating a direct cause and effect relationship rendering the inescapable consequences of her action, which would be that she must "loose the chains" of life and die with the last breath of her daily heard song.

What is the setting in the Giver?

This is sort of a broad question...

The book is not set in any particular place or time.  The society is somewhat futuristic, but we don't know exactly how far in the future it is.

The book is set in a society where people have been robbed of all their choices and their emotions, more or less.  They essentially have no families and they have no sexual urges.  They are assigned jobs and children.  Their whole lives are pretty much controlled by the government.  This has gone so far that the people are not even able to see in color.

So the setting is not in a certain time or place -- it's more of a general atmosphere or mood.

What is Reverend Parris' personality throughout The Crucible?

Reverand Parris displays a few personality traits throughout the play.  In Act 1, Parris is portrayed as a greedy man who cares more about his reputation than he does about his own daughter.  In this act, he is praying and seems to be worried about Betty’s well-being but when explaining his worry to other characters, he constantly mentions how his congregation will see him if witchcraft is found in his house.  In Act 3, Parris can be described as bossy, pushy, and annoying.  As the trials progress, he is always in the way of the judges and tries to almost act as a judge to the point that Danforth says to him, “Mr. Parris, I bid you be silent.”  In Act 4, Parris changes a bit; he is still worried about his reputation but when he realizes that his life may be at stake, he becomes fearful that someone will kill him.

Why is the crowd laughing and shouting as they bring the second set of "Wilks Brothers" to the square in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?What is...

Posing as brothers William and Harvey Wilks, the King and the Duke have bilked the heirs of Peter Wilks out of their fortune in gold and have sold nearly all of their belongings. Just as the auction ends, a jovial crowd arrives from the steamboat landing with two gentlemen who also claim to be the Wilks Brothers. The people are no doubt laughing because they will now get to discover for themselves who the real brothers are. They may also be thinking about the fun they will have dealing with the phony pair of brothers as well.

As for the "false confession," although the King claims to be a higher ranking poseur than the Duke, we find that the King is both a poorer storyteller and less intelligent than his lower-ranking companion.

I am asking for a quick wrap up/summary on The Hunger Games.I am asking because I want to know if I'd want to recommend it to my teacher for a...

The novel is set in the future. North America was destroyed. The continent is comprised of 12 areas. Panem is the name if the capitol located in the Rocky Mountain area. Katniss resides in the Appalachian Mountains, district 12. This district is a coal mining area where starvation is common. Katniss is without a father because he died in the mines. She is the primary caretaker of her mother and sister, Prim.

The capitol withholds food and basic supplies. They host the annual Hunger Games, where people are killed as a threat to quell any possible rebellion. The Hunger Games require each district to give one male and one female child. The competitors are decided through a lottery. A family can get added food if they enter more to the games. Therefore, the poorer are entered many times. Rich families have alomost none. In some districts children are made for the chance to compete in the games.

Since Katniss's father died they had to make more entries to get money for her mother and Prim.

Prim becomes old enough to enter. When Prim’s name is chosen Katniss goes in her place.

Katniss and Peeta compete from District 12. They are whisked away and given star treatment while preparing for competition. Peeta and Katniss make friends. Howver they realize that only one can survive. The Hunger Games make the 24 competitors live a secret place and fight to their mortal end. The entire country views this on tv. The survivor wins food for their district for a year.

That's all I am revealing. You can read the rest. It's a good one. It is so revealing of the reality tv that is on nowadays, in that, the contemporary voyeuristic society is based on exploitation of the victims of society.

How does specificity in an image contribute to its sharpness and vividness?

I agree with the previous response, but I want to share a few other ideas with you about this topic.  The writing of S.I. Hayakawa, who wrote a book called Language in Thought and Action, is responsible for some of my ideas here, as is Louise Rosenblatt, who gave a great deal of time and thought to how we read.

Hayakawa wrote about levels of abstraction in his book, and used "Bessie the cow" to demonstrate how we can think about Bessie on various levels.  We can think of a specific cow that we might actually know, we can think of cows standing in the field, we can think about cows as beef on the table, or we can even think about cows as the basis for buying beef futures on the market. 

So, when someone refers to a cow in a book, which cow comes to mind? That will depend on your own particular experiences and knowledge about cows.  If the writer doesn't care very much which cow comes to your mind, he or she can just use a general word, and you may or may not get the picture in the writer's mind.  Smilarly, if someone refers to a dog in a story, which dog do you see?  It could be a dog you know, or some generic dog that you think of when you do not have a good description. 

That brings me to Louise Rosenblatt's idea, which is that the reader makes meaning of the text with what he or she brings to the text.  The image that the reader "sees" is a product, not of what the writer meant, but a product of the reader's experiences and knowledge. 

To the degree that we can all agree on the attributes of cows or dogs, the writer can be assured that the reader will not think about horses or cats, but beyond that, the reader is making meaning on his or her own. 

However, if the writer describes a large, black dog with one blue eye and one brown eye, which is wagging its long shaggy tail, the writer is assured that the reader will see a very specific dog.  The reader can still fill in some meaning, but the writer has presented the picture that he or she finds necessary for the story. 

We write because we want to communicate ideas or experiences.  If we do not provide a sufficient degree of specificity, our unique ideas and experiences cannot be successfully communicated to the reader. 

Paraphrase Hermia's speech in lines 150-155.

Here's the actual text of the speech:

If then true lovers have been ever cross'd,
It stands as an edict in destiny:
Then let us teach our trial patience,
Because it is a customary cross,
As due to love as thoughts and dreams and sighs,
Wishes and tears, poor fancy's followers.

I would "translate" this to mean:

If true lovers are always prevented from loving each other

That must just be how fate is

So we have to be patient

Because this is a common problem

It goes along with love just as much as thoughts, dreams, sighs

Wishes and tears -- all just part of love

This speech is given after Theseus the duke tells Hermia that she must marry Demetrius because that's what her father has said she has to do.  She's talking to Lysander, who she truly loves, and they are commiserating about the decision.

In electrostatic paint spraying, after one coat of paint is attracted, paint is no longer attracted to the frame. Explain why.(For example take a...

This is really basic physics and an understanding of atomic parts.

Electrons flow from the positive side of a battery to a negative side.  So if we put a space between them then the electrons do not flow unless they arc.

So now comes the spray gun.  It provides a positive charge to the paint particles and then the air pushes the charged particle toward the negatively charged frame.  As soon as the positively charges paint particles touch the negatively charged frame, the charge on the paint particles is removed and the paint layer acts like an insulator thus lowering the potential difference between the spray gun and the frame.

As the frame moves down the assembly line, there are other frames that are have a larger differential in charge and the paint goes toward those areas. 

As the air blows the paint toward the frame, the tubing causes the wind to curve the paint around the frame where the tubing is not yet painted and thus exposed.  That exposed surface attracts the paint until it is covered and then the paint acts like a insulator and the differential in charge is lower than any other bare surface so the paint no longer attaches to painted section.

That is how it works.

Explain how the village of Kanthapura is a microcosm of the entrenched hierarchy in Indian society.

There is much truth in the statement.  On one hand, there is a power structure that benefits from the Status Quo.  This benefit comes at the cost of others, and is going to be undermined by Gandhi's teachings and Moorthy's application.  The Colonial masters, as well as the gang boss who runs the coffee estate are a the top of the power structure, predicated upon their ability to intimidate others and wield unchecked power.  To this extent, there is much parallel with Indian society of the time in that there was little in way of pure democratic initiatives or presence.  The village is rooted in tradition and does not question authority or the given power structure, similar to India pre- Independence movement.  The opposition to Gandhi and Moorthy are rooted in both the transformative calls to power distribution and sharing, but also in the idea of abolishing traditional aspects of stratification that had been a part of the culture for so long.  This is similar to Indian society, as well, in that the powerful interests understood their structure to be crumbling under the weight of Gandhi's demands.  In the end, the village ends up proving to be quite an effective microcosm in showing how Gandhi and those who committed themselves to his movement possessed great impact to India's social and political fabric.

Why does the author allow the audience to understand what is happening with both families?

Thornton Wilder breaks a few traditional conventions in Our Town.  First, he breaks down the fourth wall, or the imaginary dividing line between actors and audience.  The Stage Manager addresses the audience, characters from the audience interact with actors, and two concurrent scenes run at once with no props or dividing walls.

Second, the play is not set up according to a "plot" triangle (Feytag's, Aristotle's, etc...).  The acts run the course of a person's life: birth, daily life, marriage, and death.  No major event, in terms of climax, leads to tragedy or comedy; in fact, Emily's death is like everything else, part of daily life.

Third, he plays around with time.  We know how and when people will die as soon as they are introduced.   We know that Act III will be about death before it happens.  And, of course, Emily travels back in time in Act III.  You can't do that without the Stage Manager.

Thornton Wilder presents both families to the audience THROUGH the Stage Manager; he must serve as a mediator, observer, participant, and narrator to serve as a common thread between all three acts.  Godlike, omniscient, he is part of the eternal.  He tells us of the action between the two families; otherwise, the family members will seem too universal and archetypal, and the play will just be plain unintelligible.

So, to answer your question, both families are presented on stage because Wilder wants to stress the universal and the experimental.  Presenting one family would have been too individualistic, traditional, and corny--almost like a sitcom, or an episode from Little House on the Prairie.  Two families, at once, back and forth--that's experimental, never done before.  Staging both families not only shows duality in time and space, but it reveals a visually and intellectually experimental theatrical experience.

In music, what do melody, rhythm, texture, pitch, timbre and dynamics mean?

The words melody, rhythm, texture, pitch, timbre and dynamics are each an element of music composition. re: MELODY: imagine the song "Mary had a little lamb" being played on a piano, one note following another. This song is so well known, generally, that if presented one note following another, each (and all) having the same duration, a high precentage of people could identify the song, simply by hearing the succession of different tones which comprise its MELODY, the "memorable" part of a tune. RHYTHM, added to the notes of like duration spoken of above assigns different durations for each of the melody notes. NOW we have note values assigned to each of the notes of the familiar tune. PITCH isvariousscale degrees, from low sounds to higher frequency sounds. Example: begin one octave below middle C on the piano; play one note at a time, advancing upward on each WHITE KEY of the piano until Middle C is reached. Each of the 12 notes has a different, higher, tone than those just one step "down" or "up." DYNAMICS = the intensity of the tone(s) of music. The symbols:pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff, fff provide a composer with a wide range of intensity, beginning very quietly when marked "pp" and advansing to louder and louder tones as the dynamic markings change, upward through the succession listed above. The same is true if done in the reverse order, beginning quite loud and progressingwith less intensity until, at last, the final tones are very quiet.TEXTUREhas to do with the complexity of simplicity of the number of notes (tones) being played, whether bypiano or contrasting orchestral or choir tones played/sung simultaneiously.A two-part melody or musical fragment may includea melody or a counter-meldoy being played together for example by an oboe and a violin. Each can be heard and recognized easily since only two notes are being played at any time. Texture increases as more "voices" (instruments or singers) are added to the "mix" of the composition. A typical string trio selection usually includes piano, violin and cello playing three melodies or variations of a melody or counter-melody all together. When a full orchestra and many of its separate instruments play simultaneously, the TEXTURE is complex. Depending on the skill of the composer and the assignment of contrasting ranges of pitch to the strings, woodwinds, brasses and percussion, each melody or "part" CAN BE heard emitting tones from the entire ensemble. Although the texture is "thick" the sound can be somewhat transparent (or not). Add a 300 voice choir and a pipe organ to the symphony orchestra and the TEXTURE is extremely complex with many varying pitches, melodies, rhythms, etc. occuring at the same time. TIMBRE has to do with the relative brightness/brashness of some instruments compared to a more mellow, warn or darker tone of others. For example, the higher and highest notes of a flute, piccolo, violin or trumpet will be bright, perhaps very bright. The mid-range to low-range tones (notes) of trombones, cellos, string basses, french horns, baritones and bass singers are all relatively mello, with warmth and richness especially as these musicians work to blend theirtones withthe others.

Godot's character is often thought to refer to God, how and why does it cause a change in the play's title and subject to Waiting for Godot?His...

To read Beckett's Godot as God and Kafka's Dog as God, I think, is an exercise in symbolist heresy. Most of the 20th century literture, especially the literature of its second half, militates against the symbolic and redefines the symbol as surface, as a literal object-state, a movement which sees its culmination in the postmodernist idea of the symbol as simulation. One must remember the addenda in Beckett's Watt--"No symbols where none intended".

The word-play of Godot is an enticement, better put a seduction of the symbolic. As Beckett said, if he had God in mind, he would have written God, but he does not. It is this similarity between God and Godot on the level of the signifier that implies their difference. The Z is almost the S, but not quite and this slippage is crucial. Symbolic meanings, especially those of a religious order (The Cross-shapes, The Fall, Augustinian and Biblical echoes, the theme damnation and redemption and so on) are inserted into the text deliberately to create a religious paradigm of interpretation and thus a fixing of the possibilities of the text, which is a paradoxic authorial intent on Beckett's part. Can we not see Godot as a real-point of pure loss and absence that lies beyond all the symbolic layers of language and all the imaginary shapes of interpretation?

I need some examples of how the women were inferior and portrayed differently in the story "The Lottery."These are the examples I have so far:...

Great question, and one I think deserves attention.  It has a supposition, though, that women are portrayed as inferior in "The Lottery."  I am not sure that is completely true.  Let's take a look for ourselves, shall we?

First, I would say that two of your examples are not very good as proof.  The novel doesn't say that the girls can't collect the stones, it just says that they aren't.

"The girls stood aside, talking among themselves,"

So I don't think this offers proof that the girls are not equal.

In addition, the fact that the women were dressed in faded housecoats doesn't do it for me, either.  It gives no mention of how the men were dressed.  If they wore expensive, lavish clothes then that would contrast with the women...all we know is that the women were wearing shabby stuff.  The men very well could be in worse clothes. 

The second part of this is that the men came first.  I think you are assuming that their arrival at the town square ahead of the women symbolizes their power over them, but we don't have any real proof of that.  It could have just been a coincidence, or perhaps the men described were already in town on some farm related business.

"Bobby Martin ducked under his mother's grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place..."

Here we see that the child does not obey his mother but comes running when the dad calls.  This might show that women are not respected, but again, it is only once incident.  We don't see any pattern of women being ignored by children that might prove the point.

The lottery is run by a man, but the reason given is: "...[he] had time and energy to devote to civic activities." The implication is that a woman could have done it were she equally time-rich.

The "heads of families" thing gives you a bit of ammunition.  It is the male who is considered the head when it comes to drawing a slip of paper.  This clearly puts the women in a subordinate role.  But notice it is subordinate, not necessarily inferior. You could argue with me on this one, though, and that's why it's a good example for you case.

Mrs. Hutchinson also provides some ammunition.  She is portrayed as being kind of stupid.  I mean, how could you forget that today was the day for such an unusual event?

"Clean forgot what day it was...Thought my old man was out back stacking wood,...I remembered it was the twenty-seventh and came a-running."

But this quote goes against you:

"That's right. He's broke his leg, hasn't he? Who's drawing for him?"

"Me. I guess," a woman said. and Mr. Summers turned to look at her. "Wife draws for her husband."

The wife is able to draw for her husband.  If she was really inferior, she probably wouldn't be allowed to.

"Watson boy drawing this year?"

"I m drawing for my mother and me."

This one supports you.  The son, if old enough, takes the place of the mother.

The ultimate reason, though, I don't agree that women are seen as inferior is that they are perfectly acceptable as sacrifices.  They share the same risk as the men and suffer the same death.  This puts  everyone on an equal footing, in the end.

Best of luck to you.  I hope I gave you some food for thought.

How are vaporization and condensation related?

Condensation and vaporization are two processes that are reverse of each other. Condensation is the process of conversion of a gas into liquid and vaporization is the process of converting liquids into gas or vapours. Some solid substances, for example camphor, get vaporized to gaseous state without passing through the liquid state. This process is called sublimation.

Vaporization, also called evaporation when due to kinetic energy within molecules of substances some molecules escape from the surface of solid or liquids and get converted to gaseous form. Substances that get vaporized easily or at faster rate are called volatile substances, and ones that do not are called non-volatile. The volatility of substances increases with temperature as with increase in temperature the kinetic energy of molecules increases.

The process of evaporation and condensation occurs in nature for water all the time resulting in earth's water cycle. The water from earth's water bodies gets evaporated to form clouds, and these clouds then condense into rain.

The process of evaporation and condensation is also used by humans in processes such as fractional distillation of mixtures of different liquids and for concentration of solids dissolved in liquids.