products cannot be recycled?How can we avoid using products that cannot be recyceled "think of depeleted uranium from nuclear power plants" how we...

Our society has become interdependent on nuclear energy and non-renewable sources of energy.  Research is underway to try and harness renewable energy from the sun, wind, hydro energy, and natural elements such as corn.  In order for humanity to become dependent on alternative sources of energy mankind must engage in further research on alternative sources for energy.

During the Clinton administration there was increased hope that green energies would become the prominent means of energy.  With the world's population increasing rapidly and more nations becoming dependent on fossil fuels, alternatives are needed immediately.

There are at present no viable options as a massive replacement resource for energy.  Each of the primary areas currently has problems that make them difficult to provide energy to a mass population.  However, research continues to be preformed on geothermal energy alternatives, solar energy, hydrogen energy alternatives, hydro energy, and wind harnessing and conversion.

Please explain the following quotation with reference to context "The old order gives way to the new lest one good custom should corrupt the world."

"And slowly answer’d Arthur from the barge: “The old order changeth, yielding place to new, And God fulfils himself in many ways, Lest one good custom should corrupt the world."

This quotation is from Tennyson's famous poem  "Idylls of the King" which deals with the life and adventures of King Arthur. These particular lines are from the section popularly known as 'The Passing of Arthur.'

"Bold Sir Bedivere," one of the most courageous 'Knights of the Round Table,' cries out in sorrow in the following words, just before the funeral barge in which the dying King Arthur has been placed  is about to sail away forever:

"Then loudly cried the bold Sir Bedivere: “Ah! my Lord Arthur, whither shall I go? Where shall I hide my forehead and my eyes?"

For now I see the true old times are dead,"

He laments that the institution of 'The Knights of the Round Table' has completely disintegrated:

"But now the whole Round Table is dissolv’d Which was an image of the mighty world."

It is then that the dying King Arthur feebly but stoically remarks:

"And slowly answer’d Arthur from the barge: “The old order changeth, yielding place to new, And God fulfils himself in many ways,

Lest one good custom should corrupt the world."

In history only one thing, namely, change is constant. King Arthur replies with calm fortitude to the inconsolable Sir Bedivere that however magnificent and worthy the institution of 'The Knights of the Round Table' might have been it is only appropriate in God's divine plan that it should pass away and give way to a newer institution because any institution which lives on and on will only become irrelevant and thus harmful to society.

Explain how biostatistics impacts public health and how you might use your knowledge and understanding of biostatistic in your career.

Biostatistics are vital to the field of public health because they provide public health professionals with the basic sorts of information they need in order to do their jobs.

Public health can be defined as the study of how to protect and improve the health of the general public.  Public health officials try to do such things as educating the public about dangers to their health.

Biostatistics in this context are statistics gathered about health trends.  Such statistics can tell us, for example, that smokers have a higher rate of lung cancer than nonsmokers.

Public health officials can take biostatistical data and use it to determine what sorts of efforts they can make to improve the health of their constituencies.  Therefore, anyone who wanted to make a career in a policy-making level of public health would need to have an understanding of biostatistics.

Are humans susceptible to the kind of resource shortages that affect the populations of other species?

Humans are as much affected by shortages as any other species of plant or animal. For example, humans in general have no better capacity than other well developed animals to live without air for breathing, or with water for drinking. Rather with increasing levels of prosperity we have become much more dependent on material resource than the animals. This dependence is most marked in one activity that is most essential for sustaining the existence of human race on this earth. Humans need support of an elaborate medical system including doctors, hospitals, and medicines to give birth to a child. Animals are able to reproduce and take care of their young ones without any such resources. Besides they are able to do it under very adverse environmental conditions.

However humans do not feel the pinch of resource shortages as with aid of technology, they are able to eliminate serious resource shortages much more effectively. Humans can increase the supply of resources by better production, procurement from other far off regions, and by migration to other areas. Among these three alternatives, animals have only the third alternative of migration available to them. An even that is not easy for them. First they cannot migrate to places that are very far off. Second, they may face stiff competition for the resources and the land itself from other animals. The worst competition of this kind now comes for humans. Finally, animals have limited capacity to adjust to newer environments. They have neither warm clothing to bear excessive cold, nor air-conditioning to withstand excessive heat.

In summary we can say that humans are as much dependent on external resources as animals, but they have better capacity than other species of animals to secure the resources they need.

A physics book is moved once around the perimeter of a table of dimensions 1 m by 3 m. if the book ends up its initial postion.what is the...

The dimension of the table = 1m by 3m. Assume the table a rectangular (or parallelogram rarely)

Therefore, the length of the perimeter of the table = 2(length+breadth)=2(1+3)=8meter

Therefore the distance travelled by the book by its travellin onc along the perimeter and coming back to the starting point = 8meter.

But the displacement of the book considering its directions is =3m along the length +1m along the width direction -3m along the length and -1m along the width = 0, as the book is is at the starting postion only after all its travel.

A 0.59 kg football is thrown with a velocity of 15 m/s to the right. A stationary receiver catches the ball and brings it to rest in 0.018 s.What...

Given

The initial velocity of of ball = u = 15 m/s

Final velocity of ball = v = 0

Time taken to stop the ball = t = 0.018 s

Mass of the ball = 0.59 kg

Therefore acceleration = a = (u - v)/t = -15/0.018 m/s^2

and force f = m*a = 0.59 (-15/0.018) = 491.6666 N approximately

Answer: force exerted on the receiver is 491.6666 N.

Satellite A has twice the mass of satellite B, and rotates in the same orbit. Compare the two satellite's speedsMultiple Choice: A) the speed of B...

The equation governing the satellite speed, derived from the Newton Kepler's Law is  given by:

v^2 =( GM/R)^(1/2) , where, G is the gravitational constant and M is the mass of the planet and R is the distance of the orbitting satellite  from the planet, irrespective of its mass.

Therefore, the  different satellites with different masses  but with same distance from the planet has the same velocity and period also. (This could also be confirmed by the 3rd law of Kepler, which does not involve the mass of the satellite.)

Why has Salamanca moved from Bybanks, Kentucky,to Euclid, Ohio in Walk Two Moons?

Salamanca has moved from Bybanks, Kentucky, to Euclid, Ohio because Bybanks has sad memories for her and her father, and her father cannot stand to stay there anymore.

Salamanca's mother had gone away, and would not be returning.  Sal is not sure in her mind what has happened to her mother, and has not fully accepted the fact that she is gone forever, and to avoid the pain that the realization will bring her, she refuses to address the issue head on.  Sal's father, however, is devastated when he finds out her mother is not going to be returning, and one day after hearing the news, he inexplicably flies to Lewiston, Idaho, then comes back and spends his days "chipping away at the fireplace hidden behind the plaster wall".  Three weeks later, he puts the family farm in Bybanks up for sale and goes away again.  When he returns, he announces to Sal that they will be moving to Euclid, Ohio, where a woman named Mrs. Cadaver has found him a job.

Sal does not know who Mrs. Cadaver is or how her father met her, but she refuses to listen to anything her father might tell her about the strange woman, preferring to ignore her existence.  In addition, Sal is furious about having to leave Bybanks and throws "the most colossal temper tantrums".  In the end, she has no choice but to accompany her father to Euclid, but her father compromises by renting out the farm instead of selling it outright, preserving the option that they might someday return.  Sal's father explains the necessity of their move, saying,

"for now...we have to leave because your mother is haunting me day and night.  She's in the fields, the air, the barn, the wall, the trees".

Although Sal does not understand this at the time, her father goes on to say that they are making the move "to learn about bravery and courage", but Sal does not feel the least bit brave of courageous (Chapter 18).

What is a good example of an allusion?

I am not sure whether you are interested in an allusion in "Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night" or are interested in allusion generally. As I read the poem, I see no allusions, although there are many other literary devices.

However, it is easy to create your own allusions. They can be references to books, movies, songs, or art. Here are some of my examples:

This sea voyage is not going well.  There must be a Jonah on board. 

This is an allusion to the Bible story of Jonah and the whale.

This responsibility is too much for me.  I feel as though I have an albatross around my neck

This is an allusion to a great poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,' by Coleridge in which the albatross is hung around the neck of the man who shot it, as a punishment.

That man is a cheap Scrooge. 

This is an allusion to Dickens' famous character in The Christmas Carol."

Climbing into this cave, I feel like I am looking for the Lost Ark.

This is an allusion to the first Indiana Jones movie, Raiders of the Lost Ark.

Not only are there thousands of allusions in literature and in movies, we use them frequently in our everyday lives. See if you can come up with some, too! 

In Maupassant's short story "The Necklace," what are some possible writing techniques?I need this to compare it to Orwell's essay "Shooting an...

The two most obvious ones are the following:

1) Use of the third person limited (for Monsieur Loisel) versus the third person omniscient point of view(for Madame Loisel). The reader only gather information about the husband by what he says and does whereas for his wife, the reader "crawls inside her brain and heart" to know what she is thinking and feeling but not necessarily revealing to the other characters in the story. For example, Madame Loisel yearns for a luxurious apartment, dainty food, and beautiful clothes long before breaking down in front of her husband when they are invited to the gala. However, the reader knows this because her thoughts have been interwoven into the text.

2) Use of dialogue and body language indicators for character development, the latter being almost like stage directions written for a play. When Monsieur Loisel lifts the cover to the stew and relishes its aroma, the reader understands that he is a down-to-earth fellow who is satisfied with the simple pleasures of life (instead of brooding over the inattainable, as his wife does).

As  Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant" is written in the first person point of view, I don't exactly see the parallel between this work and Maupassant's "The Necklace."  "Shooting an Elephant" is a self-analytical study of why Orwell (actually, Eric Blair) had conformed so readily to others' expectations; it is written as a "mea culpa" (confession) of past mistakes. "The Necklace" is also a psychological study about self-esteem and conformity to others' expectations, only here the "confession" comes within the story line (and not directed to the reader) when Madame Loisel tells her old friend what exactly happened (she lost it) to the necklace she had borrowed ten years earlier.

The two stories then converge on theme, but (in my humble opinion) that is really about all they have in common.

What meaning is given to Claudius' aside as they plan Ophelia's action in Act III?

Claudius essentially reveals his guilt for the first time here. Although the Ghost has told Hamlet that Claudius killed him, & Hamlet suspected something all along, this is the first proof we have from Claudius himself. This aside comes when Polonius and Claudius are plotting to catch Hamlet in his madness, & have used Ophelia as bait. They end their conversation, & Polonius instructs his daughter:

Ophelia, walk you here. Gracious, so please you,
We will bestow ourselves. Read on this book,
That show of such an exercise may colour
Your loneliness. We are oft to blame in this—
'tis too much proved—that with devotion's visage
And pious action we do sugar o'er
The Devil himself.

Thus Polonius, in one of his rare moments of clarity, remarks that they are perhaps doing something wrong. Essentially, they are trying to cover up sins through piety and nice actions, but they cannot truly hide their mistakes. Claudius then applies this to his own hideous acts:

O, 'tis too true!
How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience!
The harlot's cheek, beautied with plastering art,
Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it
Than is my deed to my most painted word.
O heavy burden!

Polonius' words are like a whip (lash) to Claudius' mind. He then connects his attempt to hide his brother's murder to a prostitute putting on make-up. He argues that his "painted" words are uglier than any prostitute could ever be. this is significant because we know know (although Hamlet still does not) that Claudius is 100% guilty in his brother's murder. The next scene lends dramtic irony, as we experience Hamlet's moment of discovering, having already seen it for ourselves.

Why does Brutus lie about not hearing of Portia's death before the decisive battle; does this highlight yet another flaw in his character?

In Act 4, Scene 3, Brutus discusses with Cassius (Portia's brother) his wife's death and her reason for committing suicide.  Right after this conversation, Messala enters with news and letters and (after Brutus's prompting) tells Brutus that Portia is dead.  Brutus's words suggest that he intends for Messala to believe that Brutus is hearing the news for the first time.  There are several possible interpretations for the motivation of Brutus's lie.

1. Brutus, like his wife, was a Stoic.  Stoicism stresses the ability to control the human reaction to pain--physical or emotional; so Brutus's response to Messala's news and even his attitude when he is telling Cassius about Portia's death could be Brutus's attempt to represent properly his belief system.  He shows no emotion in either case, and if Messala believes that Brutus's Stoic response to the news is sincere, then Brutus has contributed to his "honorable" reputation.

2. Brutus's lie to Messala could also be motivated by not wanting to appear weak in front of his men and military leaders as they get ready to fight the most signficant battle of their lives.  He knows that he must portray strong leadership, and so his false reaction to Messala's words enable him to show that he will not let personal tragedy affect his goals for the Roman Republic.

3. Finally, it could be possible that Shakespeare is portraying Brutus as drunk or as mentally unstable at this point in the play. Brutus does mention to Cassius that wine is his only solace, and he later has a dream in which Caesar's ghost appears to him, which might suggest that Brutus is having a difficult time distinguishing the past from the present and appearance from reality. If this is Shakespeare's motivation for includingthe conversation in the scene, then Brutus does not tell a lie, because he is not in control of his thoughts.

Whether the audience interprets Brutus's lie as another flaw certainly depends upon their interpretation of his motivation for lying.

What was a reult of the "Long March"?

The Long March saved Mao Zedong and the Communist Party from the attacks by the Guomingdang. The Long March was organized when the Chinese Communists had to escape a Guomingdang attack that had been ordered by Chiang Kai Shek.

In Fall of 1933, the Guomindang leader Chiang Kai Shekorganized a huge attack against the Communists who were then based in the Jiangxi and Fujian provinces in south-east China.

Mao tried to win back support by pushing for a breakout by the Red Army followed up by an attack on the Guomindang in their rear. This was rejected in favour of Braun’s idea for a full-scale retreat from Jiangxi with a push for a communist base in Hunan where the Chinese Communist’s Party Second Army was based. The retreat – which was to be called the Long March – started in October 1934.

The Red Army started to Long March carrying whatever it could. 87,000 soldiers started the retreat carrying such items as typewriters, furniture, printing presses etc. They also took with them 33,000 guns and nearly 2 million ammunition cartridges. It took the Red Army 40 days to get through the blockhouses surrounding Jiangxi.

Mao, supported in his work by Zhu De, adopted new tactics. He wanted the Red Army to move in a completely unpredictable way. As the Red Army moved away from Xiang, it used twisting movement patterns that made predicting its direction very difficult. Mao also split up the Red Army into smaller units. In theory this made them more open to attack – in practice, they were more difficult to find in the open spaces on China.By October 1935, what was left of the original 87,000 Red Army soldiers reached their goal of Yanan. Less than 10,000 men had survived the march. These survivors had marched over 9000 kilometres. The march had taken 368 days. The Long March is considered one of the great physical feats of the Twentieth Century. However, when those who survived the march reached Yunan, they combined with the communist troops there to form a fighting strength of 80,000 which still made it a formidable fighting force against the Guomindang.

Who wrote the Iliad?

The literary tradition names Homer as the author of both the Iliad and Odyssey; however, modern scholarship debates whether Homer actually existed. We have no concrete information about him, only speculation. It seems clear, however, that the ancient Greeks believed that a blind bard named Homer lived sometime around the 8th century BCE and told of the tales of the great Trojan War.

Also, many scholars agree that an entirely different poet wrote the Odyssey. The linear structure of the Odyssey is completely different, as it goes back and forth in time. Even more noteworthy is that our hero Achilles from the Iliad seems to have done a complete 180 between these two works. In the Iliad Achilles is on a quest for glory. He is after it at any cost. Acheiving glory becomes more important than his own life. When we meet up with Achilles in the Odyssey he says that he made a mistake and he would rather be a nobody on earth than a legend in the underworld. These striking differences has lead scholars to question the authorship of the two poems.

Anyways, there is a long winded answer to your question. Homer is the traditional author of both the Iliad and the Odyssey.

When considering only the Sun, Earth, Mercury, and Mars in a planetary system, which statement is correct?Multiple Choice: A) The Sun, Earth, Mars,...

All the statements are wrong, and at best create confusion.

Each of the planets mentioned revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit , with sun at one of the focii of their orbit. The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are in the inseasing order of the distance from the Sun.

The motion of the planets are governed by Kepler's Laws  motion , which are derivable by Newtons universal gravitational law. The radius vector joining the planet and the sun sweeps (or covers) equal area in equal intervals of time. Planets not only orbit around the sun, but also spin around their own axis. The square of period of the planet is directly proportional to the cube of the distance of the planet from the sun.

How is "By the Waters of Babylon" a classic hero's quest?

The classic hero would have had a goal or quest to perform in order to earn the honor from the people in his or her village. There would be preparation, fasting and praying and then the send-off for the voyage. The training at the hands of his father, John, in the story learned how to retrieve metal from the "dead-houses".

He did something forbidden by going away to the Lands of the Gods to see where they had lived. He had a vision of the way things were before the Burning time.  He learned some great thing about the Gods...they were simply people.

Later, he returned home. He told his discoveries to his father, but not to all of the people at the same time. His father too had learned not to tell all of the truth all at once. So, a great hero had to learn to bide his time and wait for the right time to reveal what he had learned.

Please explain the following quote from "Ode on a Grecian Urn": "Beauty is Truth, truth beauty - that is all/Ye know on earth, and all ye need to...

Critics through the ages have been troubled by these last two lines of this wonderful Ode, as they seem on the surface at least to have very little to do with the rest of the poem and the depiction on the scenes of this Grecian urn that Keats so powerfully visualises for the reader. However, it is clear through this statement that Keats is actually making quite a philosophical comment about truth and beauty. One way in which this statement can be interpreted is to consider that the scenes on the urn are true and beautiful because they are frozen in history and therefore separate from the messy reality of day to day living. Note how the final two lines are mentioned in a context that draws the reader's attention to the eternal nature of art contrasted with the ephemeral nature of human experience:

When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty"---that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.

The Grecian urn becomes a powerful symbol of permanence when compared with the mortal lives of humans, and Keats therefore uses this urn as a symbol of beauty because it is self-contained and frozen in time. By contrast, the lives and experiences of humans are never self-contained and constantly lack answers. The poem therefore points towards a divide between art and experience, and suggests that such truth and beauty can never be fully captured in real life. Humans are left to appreciate such flawless truth and beauty in the form of art alone.

For what reasons did Thoreau write "Walden"?

According to Thoreauvian Ken Kifer, Thoreau's "Walden" was published to express his philosophy of life.  Rather than having the desire to live a life with a goal of the acquisition of wealth, Thoreau saw the goal of life to be the exploration of the mind and the magnificent world around people. His voyage through life was much more inward than that of many others:

I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what ie had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.  I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary.

Thoreau wished to find the "whole and genuine" meaning of life and not spend his life in frivolous details.  He offers an alternative solution to the consumer life, the dependent life.  The self-reliant man, Thoreau explains, has the strength to choose his own course in life, solving his own problems himself.  He did not live to acquire money; instead, he desired Life's experience and appreciation for the beauty of Nature.  He is tolerant to others around him and pure in mind.

However, Thoreau's observations and conclusions are often tangled with metaphors and hyperboles, paradoxes, sarcasm, and double entendres.  Because of the use of these literary devices, Walden is sometimes abstruse.  See the site listed below for help.

Which are physiological effects of electricity?

Electrical phenomena play an important role in many physiological processes that occur in living organisms. In addition may influence, in bad or good, their operation.

First we have to mention the propagation of nerve impulses.
Nerve fibers has in composition a cylindrical membranes containing inside a conducting fluid (an electrolyte), and outside beingall surrounded by a fluid conductor. By a similar mechanism which is manifested in the voltaic cell, between the two fluids is maintained a potential difference of approximately 0.1 V.
Due to the nature of the mechanism of propagation of electrical nerve impulses, human body is very sensitive to the action of electrical outside currents.
A current  of 10 mA order can cause strong muscle contractions , uncontrolled, accompanied by pain.

At 20 mA, the human body manifests breathing difficulties  and the person can not let go of the conductor that produced electric shock.A current of 100 mA can be fatal because affects  the nerve processes related to heart function :uncoordinated and uncontrolled contraction of heart muscle are produced , a phenomenon known as the fibrillation of the heart.Heart blood pumping activity is completely disorganized and the effect can be fatal. This effect can be used in beneficial way: in  emergencies practice, in case of cardiac arrest. Devices are used for application of high tension (length of time very small) targeting restore of normal operating mechanism of the heart.

In Act 1 Scene 7, why does Macbeth hesistate to kill Duncan?

Macbeth's soliloquy that act1 sc.7 begins with shows how pros and cons of Duncan murder come up thick in his mind. Macbeth hesitates, and the solo speech reveals a self-divided mind.

First, Macbeth knows that the 'deed' is bound to invite dire consequence. If ' the assassination / Could trammel up the consequence, and catch, / With his surcease, success ', he could have killed Duncan at the earliest.

Second, Macbeth also knows that an offender has to receive 'judgement' here in this world itself. If the said 'judgement' were postponed for 'the life to come', Macbeth could have killed Duncan.

Third, Macbeth is further conscious of the 'double trust' that king Duncan is protected with. The killing of Duncan by Macbeth would be a violation of the trust of kinship and the trust of hospitality.

Fourth, Duncan has been mild and transparent in his office as the king, and therefore his murder would arouse great pity for the victim and 'deep damnation' for the killer.

Fifth, Macbeth is afraid of moral isolation, for he has no other reason but 'only vaulting ambition' to kill the good, old king.

For the Joads in "The Grapes of Wrath" book, how is life different at the Hooper ranch camp?

At the Hooper Ranch, where the family picked peaches, life was very hard.  Fruit had to be picked carefully to avoid bruising the fruit. Since the ranch was not near a town, food was purchased from the store on the property where prices were higher than normal.  That made the family have to be even more frugal with their meager earnings.  The people running the farm were surly and suspicious people, checking the family's name several times to be sure that there was no trouble.  The family came to the Hooper Ranch after they life the government-run camp, Weedpatch.  Life at Weedpatch had been good - it was clean, well-organized by the campers themselves, and people respected one another.  People were friendly there, too. The only reason they left Weedpatch was because there was no work in that area.  The cabin the family moved into at the Hooper Ranch was not clean and people kept to themselves.  The Hooper Ranch was quite different from Weedpatch, but every place the Joads went was different from any other place they'd been.  The two camps - Weedpatch and the Hooper Ranch - are in sharp contrast to one another.  Weedpatch showed hope and Hooper Ranch showed despair, but through the protesting by Casy and his group, there is some hope shown.

What changes Ender's perception of his first meeting with the Salamander Army?

In the novel, Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card, Ender is initially nervous or scared to be assigned to an army as a brand new "launchie", but he begins to get excited about the opportunity. As he tries to assimilate into the army he faces many obstacles as the older boys resent him and doubt his ability. He is ordered to enter every battle last, and he is allowed to do nothing but homework. He watches how the armies win and are defeated, and he realizes he is much smarter mentally, but less strong physically than the other soldiers. This causes him to start a group of his own, and they become the crew who join Enger to eventually beat the buggers.

How is allusion used in "There Will Come Soft Rains," by Ray Bradbury?

An allusion is a reference within a work of literature to history, religion, other literature, or anything within the culture really. Today, references to pop culture including celebrities and TV are common. The most obvious example of allusion in this story is the title, taken from the Sara Teasdale poem which the house recites. ''There Will Come Soft Rains"  was written in response to World War I. Teasdale believed that after all the wars were over, the earth would continue to exist without human interference. Though Teasdale could not have imagined the devastation of nuclear war, her poem is the basis for Bradbury's apocalyptic vision. Even a world which has been poisoned will continue to exist. That the house reads this version of the future that has already come to pass is the irony of the situation. Even though the destruction was foreseen, it wasn't prevented.

One other example of allusion, although not as important as the title, is evident in the story. While explaining how the mice clean the house, the speaker describes them feeding the debris into an incinerator which sits "like evil Baal." This is a reference to the heathen god of the Old Testament and Satan's chief lieutenant in Paradise Lost by Dante. This suggests the resulting evil of man's reliance on technology, & the consequences of unregulated advancements.

What impression do you get of Hamlet from his soliloquies?pls make the answer broad Shakespeare's "Hamlet"

Unlike his dead father who seems to have been a man of action, Hamlet is extremely pensive and passive.  Of a melancholic temperament which is given to mulling over ideas, Hamlet is philosophical in his analysis of existential conditions.  For instance, after his father's ghost urges Hamlet to avenge his death, Hamlet internalizes the problem and sulks about his own fate:

O, that this too too sallied flesh would melt,/Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew,/Or that the Everlasting had not fixed/His canon 'gainst self-slaughter.  O God, God,/How weary, stale flat, and unprofitable /Seem to me all the uses of this world! I, ii, 129-132)

Hamlet also becomes rather misanthropic in his views.  He is disgusted with the "Fraility" of his mother who marries his uncle with

wicked speed, to post/With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! (I,ii,155-156)

In his second soliloquy he continues his reviling of his mother, calling her a "most pernicious woman!"(I,v, 104) who is a "smiling, damned villain" (I,v,105).  As Hamlet later states in Act II, "Man delights not me, nor woman neither....(II,ii,292).

Remaining in this depressed state, Hamlet turns over the existential questions that torture him, and longs for an end and "surcease" to his problems.  But, he realizes that suicide is not a solution since it is against God's laws, so "conscience does make cowards of us all" (III,i,83).

Then, in the remainder of his soliloquies, Hamlet is troubled with inaction when he knows that he must take some action against Claudius, but he continues to analyze the situation until he reproaches himself in the fourth act, wondering why Fortinbras goes forth so easily to meet his fate,

Exposing what is mortal and unsure/To all that fortune, death, and danger dare,/Even for an eggshell.  Rightly to be great/Is not to stir without great argument,/But greatly to find quarrel in a straw/When honor's at the stake. How stand I then,/That have a father killed, a mother stained,...(Iv,iv,51-54)

and he, who has had a father murdered cannot act. However, after witnessing the honor and fortitude of Fortinbras, Hamlet vows that he will finally act and avenge his father's slaying, declaring that he is "Hamlet the Dane":

O, from this time forth,/My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! (IV, i, 65-66)

Through this wrestling with his conscience in soliloquy, Hamlet clearly develops from a self-absorbed, melancholic, intensely pensive young man who broods over his loss of his father and deception of his friends; Hamlet perceives the world merely in terms of himself, but undergoes a dramatic change as, in the end, he declares himself "Hamlet, the Dane" and avenges his father's death, acting as a Prince who must save the State.

Such a powerful king; why did he not listen to the soothsayer and his wife?

In Act I, scene ii, Caesar ignores the soothsayer's warning, "Beware the ides of March."  Caesar addresses himself in the third person, responding, "Speak, Caesar is turn'd to hear."

Later in Act III, scene i, Caesar sees the soothsayer again and, jokingly, says that I ain't dead yet: "The Ides of March are come; Ay, Caesar, but not gone."  He later refuses Metallus as to reversing the decision of his brother's exile: "I am constant as the northern star."  His own wife and two others also warn him not to go to the capitol. 

Caesar obviously suffers from an arrogance of power and a megalomania (obssessive, delusional fantasy) in his position as "King."  He addesses himself in the third person, as if he is a character in a play, a clear sign of grandiose delusion.  He arrogantly thinks he is "God's chosen vessel," and--as such--invincible.  He suffers from a lack of flexibility as well.  Once he has made a decision, he stays the course stubbornly.  To deviate is to show weakness.  The coronet has clearnly gone to his head.

What is nonfiction?

Pieces of writing that are considered "non-fiction" are ones where the writer is trying to convince you that what they are writing about is a fact.  That's not always true, of course, because someone might have their facts wrong, but I think you get the idea.

In general, non-fiction writing is the type found in textbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias, "how to" books, instruction manuals, recipes, and scholarly essays.  Contrast that with a work of "fiction," which is based out of the writer's imagination.  These would be most screenplays, novels, poems, and comics.

When trying to decide between the two, a good rule of thumb is to ask yourself, "is this piece of writing true, based on some fact?"  If it is, you are probably dealing with nonfiction I say probably because sometimes fiction writers can be pretty sneaky and make you think that what they are writing is fact, when it is really made up.  What if your teacher asked you to write an essay about what you did last summer vacation.  That would qualify as non-fiction, usually, and would be if you wrote about what actually happened last summer.  But suppose you just made up a bunch of realistic sounding stuff...your teacher would think it was non-fiction, but you would know it was fiction.  So you see how it can be a bit confusing?

Another way you can look at it is that non-fiction works are trying to convey some true information to you, even if they do it creatively.  Fiction writers create stories that are meant to entertain and not convey factual information.

Fiction:

• Poem


• Adventure story


• Science Fiction


• Thriller


• short story


• mythology


• folk story


• fairy tale


• Parody


• most movies


• romance novel


• western

Nonfiction stories include:

• Biography


• Autobiography


• Forms and documents


• Legal documents


• Brochures


• Newspapers


• Interviews


• Historical speeches


• Textbooks


• 
  

What is the whole interpretation for the poem entitled "Love's Infiniteness" by John Donne?

Like most of Donne's poetry, "Love's Infinitenesse" (also seen in some editions as "Lovers' Infiniteness", and "Lover's Infiniteness") is metaphysical in the sense that it takes human interaction and compares elements of it to the divine, or universal, concepts or ideas.  This poem talks about the nature of love, and how love between two people compares to God's love and its infiniteness.

Donne, in the persona of the pleading lover ("If yet I have not all thy love, / Dear, I shall never have it all", lines 1-2) gets himself into a quandary with his desire for the totality of love.  If he has all of his beloved's love, then he cannot get any more of it.  But he desires more every day -- this sort of paradox is a standard poetic device for Donne.

Donne ends his poem pondering the conundrum of love.  He wants all of his lady's love, but she cannot give it to him.  If she does give it to him, there will be no more for her to give.   And giving love, Donne believes, actually diminishes it in the person who loves (perhaps Donne is here musing on the inadequacy of language, for when a person "gives" something it is gone -- but that is not the case with love, or, if it is, then human love is seriously flawed).  The central problem is that the lovers are temporal beings, so any participation they have in the divinity of love is limited by their temporality.  Donne doesn't write standard love poetry, but this meditation on the love of another, and the difficulties in obtaining and sustaining it, is an eloquent expression of human emotion.

What are the characteristics of the state according to Jean Jaccqus Rousseau?Rousseau's view on the characteristics of the state.

For Rousseau, the notion of general will is essential.  The state can only function well when individuals are able to sacrifice their individuality for a conception of freedom that is collective in vision and scope.  A few things should be noted with such a revelation.  The first would be that Rousseau felt that freedom is a collective and social one, and that the state must acknowledge that.  Recall his quote, "Man is free, but born in chains."  For Rousseau, the successful state works to break this form of bondage and that can only happen when there is a collectivized general will amongst individuals.  Additionally, the state's primary function is to enhance the notion of proper love of self, amour propre, and mitigate its antagonistic other, amour de soi.  For Rousseau, the general will- a state where individuals forgo their sense of individuality for something larger- is where this can be accomplished.

Paraphrase "The Emperor of Ice-Cream."

"The Emperor of Ice-Cream" is from Wallace Stevens' first collection of poems entitled "Harmonium" and published in 1922.

The poem is made up of two stanzas of eight lines each with the last line of both the stanzas being foregrounded by being repeated, "the only emperor is the emperor of ice-cream."

The word "emperor" is a title superior to that of a king and implies unlimited power and grandeur. The emperor enjoyed a semi divine status and was worshipped by the citizens of his empire which usually comprised almost an entire continent. In world history Julius Caesar was  the first person to assume the title of emperor.

The setting of  this poem is the room of  impoverished deceased  woman where her funeral party is about to take place before she is finally laid to rest. The most important character in this poem is not the deceased lady but the strong and "muscular" man, "the roller of big cigars" who manually whips up the ice cream for the funeral guests. The deceased lady is so poor that she does not have an electric ice cream making machine. The irony and the sarcasm is very striking when we contrast a real emperor, his power and territory with that of the "emperor" of this poem - Wallace Stevens' "emperor" is only strong enough to whip up ice cream and his 'territory' is just as big as the room where the funeral party is to take place!

The Scottish poet William Drummond (1585-1649) once remarked "this tragi-comedy called life." The two stanzas contrast life and death. In the first stanza the line "Let be be finale of seem," underscores the importance of life over death: 'let's seem or pretend to mourn, the person is dead and there's no point grieving over her loss, she's not going to come back to life again so let's make the most of the occasion and have a party.' Life is meant to be enjoyed by the "wenches" and the "boys" even on the occasion of the death of an old woman with "horny feet."

The second stanza of the poem not only highlights her poverty - the cupboard made of cheap "deal" wood  with three glass knobs missing and the sheet which is not long enough to cover her feet - but more importantly the lack of respect for the dead person:

If her horny feet protrude, they come
To show how cold she is, and dumb.

"Dumb" does not just mean that she is dead and cannot speak now but it actually means 'stupid.'  Wallace Stevens seems to say, that the old woman when she was alive has been stupid to enough to think that at her funeral her neighbours would weep and mourn. The reality is exactly the opposite - everyone is enjoying themselves eating ice cream. The final insult is the line, "let the lamp affix its beam," which means 'there is only light in this room and lets not waste it by shining it on the face of the deceased lady, but lets shine it on the "emperor of ice-cream" who has to make the ice cream for every one present.'

In regards to Morse v. Fredrick can/should First Amendment law only be made in cases of serious messages? Why or why not?Background: Morse v....

Rights cannot be curtailed; however, freedoms can.  Freedom is the ability to exercise Rights, and freedom can be restricted if that exercise violates the Rights of another individual.  In this case, the student expressed an opinion (which seems to have been calculated to arouse ire) which may have not been school sanctioned, but should not have been forbidden or restricted, as his expression did not impact anyone else's Rights -- the principal finding the message offensive doesn't qualify as a "Right not to read messages I don't like at school sponsored events."

Nevertheless, schools should and do impose some discipline upon the student body for the purposes of efficacious education, and anything that detracts from that should be minimized, but under no circumstances can any discipline impact Rights, but only restrict activities distracting from an educational purpose.  Perhaps the principal, rather than pulling rank, should have held up a counter-banner stating "Just Say No!"

How might events in Europe have been different if European leaders had not decided to pursue an appeasement policy toward Hitler?

Adolph Hitler came in to power after his appointment from President Paul Von Hindenburg.  He brought with him the idealism of a pure race in Germany and the expansion of Germany.  Had other countries stepped in to stop Hitler early on instead of looking the other way, not anticipating his strength at being able to rally a population together in support of his causes, and the atrocities that he committed, there would not have been a World War II in Europe.  The French would have had a stronger economy and France would have become a stronger world power.  The most obvious of all is that the lives of so many Jewish people, Gypsies, Homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, and persons with disabilities would have been spared.  In addition, the damages that occurred as the result of the war would have not occurred such as the demolition of cities.  In turn the influx of immigrants to Germany and Europe after the war would not have been as significant because the extra labor would not have been needed to rebuild the cities.

What is the overall theme of Gathering Blue?

The rather insidious and disturbing theme that rears its ugly head in this book is one of control and the lengths that some people will go to in order to maintain that control. As the novel develops, we begin to understand more and more about how the Council of Guardians, a body of leaders that have total power in Kira's community, cynically manipulate people and control them, even to the point of killing them, in order to maintain their power. One example is the way in which they spread the lie that there are beasts in the woods to ensure that nobody strays from restricted areas. When Anabella however tells Kira defiantly that there are no beasts, and she passes on this information to Jameison, she dies shortly after, and it is suggested that she has been killed. It is only when Matt returns that he is able to tell Kira authoritatively that the only animals he has seen in his travels are rabbits and deer.

Likewise, as Kira begins to discover, the Guardians have killed the parents of Thomas, herself and Jo so that they could gain and control their magical gifts of woodcarving, sewing and singing. When she sees the way in which the old Singer is painfully shackled, she understands that the Guardians wish to control them, not giving them the freedom to express their gifts as they would like. Note what we are told about Kira at the end of Chapter Sixteen:

She wanted her hands to be free of the robe so that they could make patterns of their own again. Suddenly she wished that she could leave this place, despite its comforts, and return to the life she had known.

Gradually, Kira realises that she, Thomas and Jo have been seized so that the Guardians themselves can control the future by making sure that the three children use their gifts to express the version of reality and the future that they would have them create.

In the early part of the play,how does Cassius interpret all that is happening in Rome?William Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar"

In Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice," Portia reflects upon the destructive power of jealousy:

How all the other passions fleet to air/As doubtful thoughts, and rash-embraced despair,/And shuddering fear, and green-eyed jealousy!/Be moderate....scant this excess....

and in "Othello" Iago says,

O, beware, my lord of jealousy,/It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock/The meat it feeds on....

Consumed by this "green-eyed monster," Cassius perceives all that is happening in Rome through this "green," unripe and sick vision.  Clearly, he is envious of the power that Caesar wields over the Roman people.  Even Brutus tells Cassius,

No, Cassius;for the eye sees not itself/But by reflection, by some other things (I,ii,53-54)

Caesar, too, recognizes the danger in the envious Cassius as he remarks,

Young Cassius has a lean and hungry look;/He thinks too much: such men are dangerous. (I,ii,194-195)

These thoughts of Brutus and Caesar prove true when Cassius describes Caesar in this way:

...And this man /Is now become a god, and Cassius is/A wretched creature, and must bend his body/If Caesar carelessly but nod on him.....Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world/Like a Colossus, and we petty men/Walk under his huge legs and peep about/To find ourselves dishonorable graves./Men at some time are masters of their fates:/The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,/But in ourselves, that we are underlings....Why should that name be sounded more than yours? (I,ii,115-143)

Cassius expresses his envy of Caesar's position as well as his puzzlement that a man of weak physical condition--"the fit was on him...he did shake...His coward lips" (I,ii,120-123)--should be elevated when he and Brutus are his equal, if not superior.  It is only that they have not seized power as Caesar has that makes them inferior, he tells Brutus.

While Cassius is consummed with envy, he is yet an accurate judge of character as evidenced by his ability to "seduce" Brutus into participating in the assination plot.  Later, when they battle the forces of the triumvirate, Cassius's judgments are the wiser, but mistakenly he defers several times to Brutus and they meet their tragic ends.  Certainly, Cassius commits the "tragic mistake" of the Aristotlian tragic hero.

Write the Summary of "A Case Of Identity" by Conan Doyle.

Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson sit in Holmes's rooms debating the interesting question of whether the invented stories of fiction are wilder and more unusual than the crime stories of everyday life. Watson contends that fiction has the upper hand in the category of wild and unusual; Holmes disagrees. Watson points out a police report in the daily newspaper to prove his point. Regrettably for Watson, the case happens to be one which Holmes had solved and thus could attest that the details were far stranger than the inventions of fiction could ever achieve.

At this moment Holmes spies a new client standing on the curb opposite the house, who with a determined action dashes across to pull the bell at 221B Baker Street. Miss Mary Sutherland, the new client, tells a story about a missing fiance. She attended a ball against her stepfather's wishes and met a man named Hosmer Angel who began to call because her disapproving stepfather was in France. Their courtship continued until he asked her to marry him and made her vow to always be faithful no matter what unusual event transpired.

Miss Sutherland's meetings with Mr. Angel were always clandestine to a degree and always when the stepfather, Mr. Windibank, was away. On the wedding day. Miss Sutherland and her mother, together in one carriage, watched Hosmer Angel step into another carriage to all go to the church for the wedding ceremony. Upon arriving, Mr. Angel was no where to be seen.

Holmes makes lightening quick and sure deductions, asks for the letters from Mr. Angel, which had been typewritten and asks for a copy of her Missing Person bulletin, which she had typewritten. From the evidence, confirmed by inquires at Mr Windibank's place of employment and by Mr. Windibank's typewritten note agreeing to meet Holmes, Holmes identifies the culprit and threatens to thrash him because the evil joke, intended to gain unscrupulous persons access to Miss Sutherland's small fortune, was not "actionable" in terms of police arrest and court punishment. The troublemakers were none other than the greedy pair of Miss Sutherland's mother and stepfather, Mr. and Mrs. Windibank.

What are three examples of symbolism in a Rose for Emily by William Faulkner?Also why do you think the author decided to use this symbol?

Symbolism runs rampant in William Faulkner's unforgettable Southern gothic short story "A Rose for Emily." Faulkner begins his symbolic references in the first two paragraphs when he describes the Grierson house.

It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores.

The Grierson house serves as a symbol of the dying Old South: Like the South in the days before the terrible Confederate defeat at Gettysburg, the house was once a proud example of fine architecture that had slowly eroded as the modern world surrounded it.

Homer Barron, the Yankee visitor, is a symbol of the new Northern encroachment upon the South--a modern day carpetbagger or scalawag who moves to the area for financial gain, meddles with the social establishment, then moves on to enjoy his profits elsewhere. Unlike the original carpetbaggers who plagued the South during Reconstruction, however, Homer was well-liked and popular with the townspeople, though his time was to be limited in Jefferson.

Emily's servant, Tobe, is also an obvious symbol of the last remnants of slavery. He remains with Emily until her death, and only then is his servitude finalized. When Emily dies, Tobe gains his freedom. 

Why does Hamlet repeatedly say to Ophelia, "Get thee to a nunnery"?

Hamlet says to Ophelia, "Get thee to a nunnery" so that she will stop enabling people, like her father, Polonius, to spy on Hamlet and undermine him:

HAMLET:

Get thee to a nunnery! Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? ... Go thy ways to a nunnery. Where's your father?... If thou dost marry, I'll give thee this plague for thy dowry: be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Get thee to a nunnery. Go, farewell. Or if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool; for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them. To a nunnery, go; and quickly too. Farewell.

And Hamlet has also had it with women, in general, and his mother, Queen Gertrude, specifically. Nuns have none of the traits he so reviles in other individuals of their gender:

HAMLET:

I have heard of your paintings too, well enough. God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another. You jig, you amble, and you lisp; and nickname God's creatures and make your wantonness your ignorance. Go to, I'll no more on't! it hath made me mad. I say, we will have no more marriages. Those that are married already—all but one—shall live; the rest shall keep as they are. To a nunnery, go.

Hamlet wants honesty and loving kindness from women, yet gets none of it from the women in his life. Better for them and him that they make their way to a nunnery.

In To Kill a Mockingbird what impact does meeting with Mrs. Dubose have on Jem?

Atticus punishes Jem for cutting down Mrs. Dubose's flowers by making him read to her while she is "dozing." Of course, for a young boy, this is torture, but Atticus does not intend for it to be so. He knows that Jem needs to learn a lesson, but more importantly he knows what Mrs. Dubose needs, and Jem is sent to unknowingly help her fulfill her last goal in life.

Jem realizes two truths from the time he spent with Mrs. Dubose.

1. First lesson--not all people are good or evil.  When Jem cut down Mrs. Dubose's flowers he did so because of what she said about his father and because she was the "meanest" woman in the neighborhood.  At the time, he saw no good in her.  However, when Mrs. Dubose dies, she leaves Jem one of her prized flowers, not to taunt him, but to thank him for getting her through a very difficult experience.  She shows him that there was some good and graciousness in her.

2. Second lesson--At the end of Chapter 11, Atticus tells Jem about Mrs. Dubose,

" 'I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand' " (112).

At this point, Jem had just discovered that Mrs. Dubose was trying to break herself of her morphine addiction while Jem read to her.  She did not want to die being addicted to or controlled by anything or anyone.  This lesson from Atticus foreshadows how the children will begin to see their father as a hero in the courtroom when Part 2 begins in the next chapter. Up to Chapter 11 in the novel, the only action on their father's part that truly impressed them was when their dad shot Tim Johnson, the rabid dog.  So, Atticus knows that he must demonstrate to his children that heroes do not always resort to violence.

What does Curley's Wife suspect about Curley's injury in Of Mice and Men?

In Chapter 4, the chapter directly after Curley's assault on Lennie, Curley's Wife knows that her husband did not get "his hand caught in a machine." This is the story that Slim forces Curley to tell his dad and anyone else so that Lennie and George don't get in trouble.  Curley agrees to this because he's in pain, but also because he doesn't want Slim or the others to tell anyone that he was defeated by Lennie--it would bruise his ego too much.

Curley's Wife brings comments that she thinks Lennie is involved somehow and tries to use this knowledge as a sort of blackmail.  She is so desperate for someone to talk to her that she is willing to threaten almost anything to force a conversation (in Chapter 4, she threatens Crooks with a rape charge because he tries to expel her from his room in the barn).  Her loneliness and isolation are all encompassing, and her voicing her suspicion is simply a ploy to be included.

Describe Jagger's work and home life. What is Pip implying about Jagger's personality when he says that "He seemed to bully his very sandwich as...

Jaggers, the most powerful criminal lawyer in London, was a man with a caring heart that was buried beneath the rusty pistol on his desk and the sword in a dusty scabbard laying out near it. His emotions were under lock and key and guarded by his heavy watch chain.

At work, he sat in a violently prickly horsehair chair and his clients, it seemed to Pip, were afraid of him (even though they were criminal) as was evidenced by the smudging of many shoulders against the wall. He worked in a gloomy office that was lit only by a skylight.

At home, there was nothing of a purely decorative nature and though Jaggers owned the whole house, he confined himself to three spartan rooms. The other rooms were ignored like the extra rooms of his heart, although Jaggers' natural goodness came to the fore when he arranged for Estelle's adoption. A central object in the main room was a work desk with papers, which was employed at night so that work was Jaggers' home life also. At meals, Jaggers directed the same cold, hard business manner to his food as he applied to his criminal clients, bullying his sandwich the way he would bully his clients to get the truth from them. (This is Dickens's testimony to the adage that you become what you do. Choose wisely.)

In "Great Expectations" how does class as shown by the Pockets promote or prevent a sense of belonging?What characters help Pip feel a sense of...

Pip longs to belong to the upper class, mainly to impress Estella and Miss Havisham; going to Miss Havisham's house and encountering Estella's disdain gave him a sense of self-consciousness and shame about his humble circumstances.  However, he finds that it is not as easy as one may think to gain their esteem and to belong with them.  Even though he gains money, he never truly wins Estella's heart, and Miss Havisham still regards him as little Pip, who she toys with to please her notion of love and betrayal.  Throughout the story Pip encounters a few key characters that help him to feel a sense of belonging.  Herbert Pocket is one of them--though from a more well-to-do family, Herbert fully embraces Pip and makes him feel like he belongs.  Also, Pip always feels loved by Joe and Biddy, even if his own sense of superiority keeps him from feeling like he belongs there.  It isn't until he gets over his own pride that he can feel like he belongs with them again.

Other characters that make Pip feel like he belongs are Wemmick, and much to Pip's dismay, the infamous Magwitch.  Wemmick accepts Pip into his curious little house and life, and is a steady friend to Pip.  Magwitch, who comes on the scene later, loves and accepts Pip, even if Pip doesn't welcome it.  Eventually, he accepts that love and does all he can to protect Magwitch.

The Pockets are an interesting study in class and belonging.  The mother, coming from a super rich family, descended "below herself" in marrying Mr. Herbert Pocket Sr., and she spends her entire life being incompetent and moaning after days past.  Her husband, although slightly well-to-do, is still not the super upper-class, and has to work for a living.  Despite all of this, some of the more snobby Pockets, at Miss Havisham's, display ostracism and disdain for Pip in his reduced circumstances, that is, until he comes into money.  In this book, Dickens does a good job of pointing out how a little bit of money or nobility can give people quite a false sense of pride and a real sense of snobbery and insincerity.  He teaches the lesson that it isn't money or class that brings happiness, but acceptance of one's self, and true friends that help you to feel like you belong.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Please comment on the comic elements in the TITANIA-BOTTOM love affair/episode in Act III.Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream"

There is much satirical humor in the scene in which Bottom has his head changed into a donkey in Act III because the responding characters become the impetus for actions of the and responses of Bottom.  First of all, when his head is changed into that of a donkey/ass, Quince cries out,

O monstrous! O strange! we are hauted.  Pray, masters!  Fly masters! Help! (III,i,   )

Then, when Scout returns and  tells Bottom "thou art changed!"(III,i,  ), Bottom unknowingly replies,

What do you see?  You see an ass-head of your own, do you? (III,i,  )

And, still unknowingly, Bottom continues his unwittingly funny allusions to ass: 

I see their knavery:  this is to make an ass of me, [he has literally been made into an ass!], to fright me, if they could.  But, I will not stir from the place, do what they can:  I will walk up and down...and I will sing...(III,i,105-106)

As soon as Titania sees Bottom, she falls in love because of the potion administered to her.  And, because the sight is Bottom, her love is absurd.  When Titania tells Bottom, "I love thee" (III,i,133), Bottom replies with an ironical pun:

Methinks, mistress, you should have little reason [no justification/no sense]--this coming from a man with a head looking like a donkey-- for that and yet, to say the truth, reason and love keep little company together now-a-days; [satire by Shakespeare] (III,i,134-135)

This scene is another humorous way for the author to demonstrate to the reader that "love makes fools of us all." 

In Chapter 1 of "A Tale of Two Cities," what is indicated about the character of the English people of this period of 1775?What is indicated by...

In the very first chapter of "A Tale of Two Cities," Dickens draws parallels between the lawlessness of the two countries. France, under "the guidance of her Cristian pastors," entertains herself by having people severely punished if they do not bow to the passing clergy.  For instance, one youth has "his hands cut off, his toungue torn out with pincers" and is burned to death because he does not bow as a "dirty procession of monks passes him. Dickens also mentions that

In England, there was scarcely an amount of order and protection to justify much national boasting.  Daring burglaries by armed men, and highway robberies, too place in the capital itself every night; families were publicly cautioned not to go out of town without removing their furniture to upholsteres' warehouse for security; the highwayman in the dar was a City tradesman in the light, and being recognised and challenged by his fellow-tradesman whom he stopped in his character of "the Captain," gallantly shot him through the head and rode away....

Crime abounds, man's inhumanity to man is prevalent.  Especially in the justice system, this cruelty is apparent.  The hangman is busy, "today taking the life of an atrocious murderer, and tomorrow of a wretched pilferer who had robbed a farmer's boy of sixpense."  These allusions to the ease at which sentences of death were handed down in the Old Bailey are familiar to readers of Dickens's other novels. The difference, however, between England and France is that the English perceive themselves morally better:

France, less favoured on the whole as to matters spiritual than her sister of the shield and trident, rolled with exceeing smoothness down hill.

Nevertheless, the foreshadowing of the declines of both countries in their moral degradation is apparent.  England will soon be engaged in a war with its colonies in the American Revolution, and France will be engaged in its bloodiest civil disruption, the French Revolution.  The first of many parallels that Dickens draws in his poignant tale of devotion and sacrifice, this turmoil of both countries acts as the background for the novel.

What is the specific meaning of the American Revolution?

Although the British Empire continued to expand during the 18th and 19th centuries, the American colonies, by breaking away, became the first areas under British control to leave the empire and establish their own political entity.  This process continued for many countries under British rule, even into our own day, and although politically independent, became known as "Commonwealth Countries."

The American Revolution also inspired much of Central and South America, most of which was under Spanish control,  to break away from Spain.  Up until the 1830's various former Spanish colonies became their own countries.

Finally, the Americans, having thrown off what they perceived to be an unjust governance, inspired the French to do the same in the French Revolution a few years later. The main difference here was  that the changes took place within the mother country and not within far flung colonies.

Why does Holmes thump his stick on the pavement in front of the pawnbrokers shop?

At the end of the story after the criminals have been arrested in the nick of time, Holmes explains to Watson why he tapped his stick on the pavement in front of the pawnbroker's shop:

"I [Sherlock Holmes] was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind."

John Clay alias Vincent Spaulding  "the fourth smartest man in London" and a seasoned criminal - "murderer, thief, smasher and forger" - along with his accomplice plan to rob the Coburg Branch of the City and Suburban Bank which has in its cellars 30,000 napoleons or gold coins recently borrowed from France. John Clay's ingenious plan is to rob the gold by digging  a tunnel starting from Jabez Wilson's pawn broker's shop to the cellar under the bank where the gold has been kept. All this is deduced correctly by Sherlock Holmes during his conversation with Jabez Wilson. Holmes  deduces correctly that John Clay's plan was to dig the tunnel from Jabez Wilson's cellar to the bank's cellar, and so when he first visits Jabez Wilson's pawn broker's shop

"he walked slowly up the street, and then down again to the corner, still looking keenly at the houses. Finally he returned to the pawnbroker's, [Jabez Wilson's] and, having thumped vigorously upon the pavement with his stick two or three times, he went up to the door and knocked."

By doing so, Holmes discovers that the ground beneath is solid and that the tunnel cannot be located in front of the house because a hollow sound would have indicated the presence of a tunnel. He then goes behind the house and sees the bank across the street and realises that it is the target of John Clay's intended robbery. Thus Holmes taps vigorously the pavement in front of Jabez Wilson's shop to ascertain whether the tunnel stretched from behind or from front of the shop.

What can I write in an essay using the twenty-first century and Ben Franklin's "Information to Those Who Would Remove to America"?

The most obvious point of departure is a comparison of the circumstances and expectations of people in the twenty-first century who wish to immigrate to America to those of the people to whom Franklin wrote. As Franklin describes it, the people he is addressing are well educated, informed, dignified but lacking in fortune:

that Strangers, possessing Talents in the Belles-Lettres, fine Arts, &c., must be highly esteemed, [and] Strangers of Birth must be greatly respected, and of course easily obtain the best of those Offices [jobs], which will make all their Fortunes;

In contrast, those who immigrate in the twenty-first century are often, though not always, of reduced means, lacking in education and skills, and needing sponsors within American to vouch for their productivity and employment if allowed to immigrate. They have often seen war and famine and dictatorship. They have often experienced suppression and aggression. [This is not always true. Recent immigrants from India and Pakistan are much more like those Frankilin describes, trained as doctors and Certified Public Accounts and professors, than like the ones I describe.]

One point of similarity you might bring out between America then and America now relates to Franklin's description of the academic climate. While there are far more than the "nine colleges" Franklin attests to, there are multitudes of learned people who have studied in colleges and universities and are proficient in "Letters and Mathematical Knowledge" and who "are in Esteem" here.

One thing Franklin sets up as a barrier to immigration is still in effect to some degree in America today, though it has undergone some shift in an opposing direction. Franklin tells people who have "no other Quality to recommend [them] but [their] Birth" that in America we do not "inquire concerning a Stranger, What is he? but, What can he do?" This has been modified to a degree in the twenty-first century in so far as celebrities in film and sports and music etc are given precedence over others both by who they are as well as by what they do.

As you go through other parts of Franklin's essay, look for other similarities and dissimilarities between how things are now and what they were then; considering both things in America and things in the home countries of immigrant groups.

people do not inquire concerning a Stranger, What is he? but, What can he do? If he has any useful Art, he is welcome; and if he exercises it, and behaves well, he will be respected by all that know him; but a mere Man of Quality, who ... wants to live ... by some Office or Salary, will be despis'd and disregarded.

When would total cost equal fixed costs?

Total costs would equal fixed costs when turnover is zero.

In economic and business analysis total costs of production or of goods sold are often classified in two components as fixed costs and variable cost.

Fixed costs are defined as the costs that remain constant irrespective of the total production or sales turnover. Variable costs on the other hand vary directly with the turnover. The total cost at a given level of turnover is the sum of fixed cost plus variable cost.

When the turnover is zero, the variable cost is also zero, and therefore, the the total cost is equal to the fixed cost.

What are the differences between the 1990 movie version of Hamlet and the text?What are the techniques used in text and in the movie? The...

I totally agree with "mstultz72" about the difference in regards to madness, but I would be amiss if I didn't mention my absolute favorite difference from my absolute favorite movie version of Hamlet EVER:  humor!  The director, and more specifically, Mel Gibson himself, insert humor where I am not sure Shakespeare meant for there to be.  Let me give one quick example.  (And by the way, this example was my first inkling into this grand difference that I determined back when I was in high school, which shows how old I was when this movie came out.)

Take the scene where Polonius confronts Hamlet in the castle (Act 2, Scene 2).  First, Shakespeare's words don't surprise us as Hamlet says:

Let her not walk i' th' sun.  Conception is a blessing, but as your daughter may conceive, friend, look to 't. (2.2.185-187)

Here Mel Gibson plays upon the "sun," meaning the king and upon "conception," meaning both understanding and pregnancy.  He is implying, of course, that the King could get unsuspecting women (Hamlet's mother) pregnant as Hamlet himself could get Ophelia herself pregnant.  But this is typical Shakespearean humor.   What is different is within the next few lines:

Polonius:  What do you read, my lord?

Hamlet:  Words, words, words.  (2.2.194)

As a high school student, I would read Hamlet's reply quite flatly.  There is simply no indication of reading it otherwise.  No play on words.  Nothing.  Mel Gibson, however, takes this simple repetition and gives each word a different flair.  Mel Gibson's Hamlet looks in the book as if wondering what's in there saying "words, words . . ." and then turns to Polonius and matter-of-factly declares, "words!"  Ha!  In fact, Mel Gibson reads it in a way that actually demeans Polonius(which is Hamlet's full intention in the scene anyway).  As if Polonius is so very stupid and such a fool that he wouldn't even know that words are contained in a book.

I would argue that the way this movie is both directed and acted actually takes Shakespeare's literal attempt at humor and adds to it while not taking away from the author's original meaning.  This is the core of why I am so very enamored of this version.  It remains my legitimate favorite (with my "illegitimate" favorite being the Mystery Science Theater 3000 version). 

Who is John Proctor's slave in Scene 1 of The Crucible?

Proctor does not have a slave in The Crucible.  He and his wife do, however, have a servant girl--Mary Warren.  This relationship is described in Act 2 of the play.

If you are referring to Tituba, she is actually Rev. Parris's slave.  He brought her to Salem from Barbados which is ironic in and of itself because he is a minister.

What are some internal or external conflicts that occur in The Giver? Please state the page # if possible and what kind of conflict.like jonas...

Jonas faces many conflicts.  His first conflicts are Jonas vs. society, in which he questions the world he lives in.  Jonas' first conflict can be found on page 95, when he begins to question the community's decision to go to Sameness.  He decides that he disagrees, though at this point he doesn't have the knowledge he needs to back up his opinion.  For the first time in the book, Jonas has an opinion that differs from what he has been taught by the community.  These types of conflicts continue and deepen as Jonas learns about decisions (p. 97-99), different races (p. 100), grief and death (p. 100), and pain (p. 107-108). Jonas finally comes to the conclusion that there should be no Giver or Receiver, and that Sameness should no longer be (p. 112-113).  These are all examples of conflicts between Jonas and the society in which he lives.

Jonas also has conflicts with himself.  His first one in the book comes when he gives away a memory to Gabriel.  He struggles over whether to tell the Giver and finally decides not to because he feels that it might somehow be wrong (p. 117).  He also struggles with not wanting to be the Receiver (p. 121) and frustration at not having a family that knows "love" (p. 127).  He tells his first lie as well (p. 127).  After learning about what "release" means, Jonas feels rage and doesn't want to return to society (p. 154).  Jonas' final big conflict in the book comes when he and the Giver make plans for Jonas to leave the community and he carries out those plans.  He struggles with whether or not he is making the right decision, and whether or not to bring Gabriel, but finally decides that yes, he is making the right decision and goes forward.

The page numbers given are from my copy of the book.  It's the Dell Laurel-Leaf Reader's Circle edition, copyright 1993. Your book may have different page numbers.

What images does Edwards use in Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God to draw a picture of the anger of God?

Edwards uses four primary metaphors to develop images of God's wrath.  The first compares His wrath to a storm:

There are black clouds of God's wrath now hanging directly over your heads, full of the dreadful storm, and big with thunder; and were it not for the restraining hand of God, it would immediately burst forth upon you.

The second uses the comparison of His anger to the pressure of flood waters behind a dam, building up until they can no longer be contained:

The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present:  they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is let loose.

The next metaphor is two-fold:  It compares God's wrath to an arrow held in place by the bow of justice:

The bow of God's wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God . . . that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood.

The last is perhaps the most famous:

The God that holds you over the pit of Hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked . . .

God's mercy, Edwards says, is the only hope we have. 

Are there any good quotes to memorise that look good in an essay?

There's good "fire" quotes, a symbol of hope, survival, and (ironically) the destruction that caused this post-apocalyptic world:

Pg. 83: "Nothing bad is going to happen to us...because we're carrying the fire."

Pg. 129: "We're the good guys...and we're carrying the fire."

Pg. 172: "I havent seen a fire in a long time, thats all.  I live like an animal."

Pg. 186: "Nowhere to build a fire.  Nowhere safe."

Pg. 216: "Are they carrying the fire too?  They could be yes.  But we dont know.  So we have to be vigilant."

There are several paradoxical quotes that show the duality of man, time, and memory:

"You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget."

"Nobody wants to be here and nobody wants to leave."

"People were always getting ready for tomorrow. 
I didnt believe in that. 
Tomorrow wasnt getting ready for them. 
It didnt even know they were there."

"Just remember that the things you put into your head are there forever, he said. You might want to think about that. 
You forget some things, dont you? 
Yes. You forget what you want to remember and you remember what you want to forget."

My all-time favorite is also paradoxical and shows faith in a world of faithlessness:

"There is no God and we are his prophets."

Why does Romeo & Juliet begin as it does in A. I, S. 1, and why are women mentioned only as the butt of crude comments & boasting?In Act 1 Scene 1,...

You all ready have an answer, but I'll add this as a bonus anyway. Two for the price of one!

The introduction to Romeo & Juliet, Act I, Scene 1, is complex and accomplishes the introduction of all the essential elements that will follow during the course of the play in accord with the six Aristotelian parts of a play: plot, character, language, thought, spectacle, song. This accomplishment is constructed through the dialog and action of the servants, Benvolio, Tybalt, the Prince and Lords, Romeo.

The servants begin. They fill the function of the Shakespearean "Fool," who is savvy and urban and engages in intentional word play, as Sampson and Gregory do ("Clowns" are rural and engage in accidental word play). What these Fools accomplish in to establish the existence of a feud, its depth and breadth (even the servants) and its severity.

It is for this reason, to illustrate the feud's severity, that Sampson and Gregory talk not only about overpowering the male servants in fighting but also about overpowering female servants sexually (in addition, the ribald and crass always enters into Shakespeare's dialog because his audiences comprised all levels of society from beggar to King).

Next, Benvolio and Tybalt deepen the plot element introduced by the servants (feud) by establishing which house has what attitude toward the feud. The men of the house of Montague (Romeo's house), as represented by Benvolio, are the peacemakers (as is the Montague servant, Abraham: "Quarrel, sir! No, sir!"). The men of the house of Capulet (Juliet's house), as represented by Tybalt, are fightmongers (as are the Capulet servants, Sampson and Gregory: "My naked weapon is out: quarrel!")

This division of attitudes is ironically reversed in the two Lords, as Lord Capulet is the one who shows restraint, while Lord Montague is the aggressor: "He flourishes his blade in spite of me [my presence]!"

Romeo and Benvolio establish Rome Montague's view of the feud, which accords with Benvolio's peacemaker stance but is in opposition to his father's aggressor stance (Lord Montague). Romeo's stance is ironically in accord with Lord Capulet's stance of restraint (Juliet's father).

Further, Romeo's and Benvolio's conversation sets up the story line of love lost and love found, establishing that the tragic plot occurs in the midst of a love story. Their conversation also foreshadows what is to come: (1) finding a new love to replace his love who is sworn to chastity and so won't have a lover's romp with Romeo, which also foreshadows the theme of marriage and love; (2) that Romeo will not be taught to forget, which is integral to his final choices, the foreshadowing of which is confirmed by Benvolio's statement: "I'll pay that doctrine, or else die in debt," as he does die in debt because he has been unable to teach Romeo to forget.

The Prince demonstrates the high stakes in this love story tragedy: peace or death--regardless of circumstances. the love story is calculated to provide the worst possible circumstances for two houses who loathe each other to the point of murder, making the high stakes a very real and present threat. Additionally, the Prince tells upon what the quarrel is based, that being "an airy word from old Capulat and Montague," and how long the duration of the quarrel has been, "have thrice disturbed the streets." It is a new quarrel, even though Lord Montague calls it "ancient."

Where are references to daisies? How was she a parallel to the description of her grave when placed in the ordered world of European society?

Your question is a little unclear.  I don't think there are any references to daisies except for the name of the main character, Daisy Miller.  Perhaps you mean to ask if her name has any symbolic meaning?

Well, a daisy is a lovely flower, as Miss Miller is a lovely young woman.

A daisy is a  common flower, so much so that some consider it a weed (see wikipedia link below).   Daisy, and her family, are referred to a number of times as "common," meaning that they lack European sophistication and manners (use the second link below to search the Daisy Miller text for the word "common").  Mrs. Costello, Winterbourne's aunt, considers Daisy and her family to be a weed-like nuisance; in one place, she says that Daisy's family is of  "the sort of Americans that one does one's duty by just ignoring."

Like any flower, a daisy is fragile and vulnerable.  Daisy Miller is portrayed throughout the novel as someone who is in danger of being taken advantage of by some clever, sophisticated European.  In the end, of course, that is exactly what happens.  Giovanelli takes her for a midnight stroll in the Colisseum where she contracts a fever that soon leads to her death.

The only description of Daisy's grave is the following:

A grave was found for her in the little Protestant cemetery, in an angle of the wall of imperial Rome, beneath the cypresses and the thick spring-flowers.

Personally, I wouldn't read all that much into this description.  Perhaps, the author is emphasizing how much Daisy did not fit in with the Roman society around her.  She is buried in a Protestant cemetery in Rome, the capital of Catholicism.  The graveyard is small and overwhelmed by its surroundings, tucked into "an angle of the wall of imperial Rome."  To the end, though, Daisy is lovely--she lies, eternally, "beneath the cypresses and the thick spring-flowers."

What is the point of view in the short story "The Interlopers"?

Saki uses 3rd person omniscient point of view for his story "The Interlopers." Evidence of this point of view appears in the narrator's knowledge of the two characters'--Georg Znaeym and Ulrich von Gradwitz--actions and thoughts. He begins by giving the reader the background to the long-standing feud, and later when the two enemies meet in the disputed forest, the narrator states that

"each had hate in his heart and murder uppermost in his mind."

Near the story's end, the narrator also tells readers that Ulrich is relieved and exasperated. While these emotions would show on one's face, the narrator clarifies the source ofUlrich's exasperation--that he is trapped when his opportunity to annihilate his enemy is so close. Again,Saki lets readers know the motive behind the character'sactions and gestures.

If the story were told in first person, readers would see the use of pronouns such as "I," "me," "we," etc. If Saki used 3rd person limited, readers would not know what the two men are thinking.

What happens to Mammy, Babi and Laila?chapter 27 part 3

In the city of Kabul, Afghanistan there were constant explosions, little food, and little freedom.  In 1974 Russia invaded Afghanistan and, the Russian and Taliban armies were in a fierce struggle for the rule of the country.  The people who lived in Afghanistan at this time were in constant danger from missiles and shrapnel from these missiles.  Laila’s family was caught in the middle of this war, as were all of their neighbors.  Babbi, Mammy and Laila were packing their home to leave.   Mammy had finally agreed to leave their home since both her sons had been killed.  Laila insisted that her father let her carry a heavy box out to the car.  As she carried the box out to continue packing the car,  a missile destroys Laila’s house. Her parents are killed, and Laila is injured.

"The novel begins in 1974, as Soviet-backed communists are ruling the country under a dictatorship. As the story progresses, so too does the power of the Taliban, who fight the Russians and eventually push them out of the country."

In The Scarlet Letter how does Hawthorne experiment with the novel? Please touch upon how he does not have clear-cut protagonists/antagonists...

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's time, the American novel was itself an experiment. One English writer, James Russell Lowell, wrote,

You steal Englishmen's books and think Englishmen's thoughts,/With their salt on  her tial your wild eagle is caught;/Your literature suits its each whisper and motion/To what will be thought of it over the ocean.

While the long prefatory essay on the Customs House is not really integral part of the narrative, it does explain the narrator's preoccupation with the story of Hester Prynne as well as his concern for the effects of the Puritan law.  For, he is a citizen with some experience in practical affairs and some interest in politics. In addition, he demonstrates his emotional response to his fellow man with the story of the Collector, "our gallant old General," and his ability to write witty, biting satire with his depiction of the Inspector.  In a sense, Hawthorne prepares his reader for his narrator's talents in the novel.

Clearly, Nathaniel Hawthorne has written a truly American novel.  For, though a bit flawed in its underdeveloped characters, it is original in its subject matter, in its strong use of symbolism, elements he carved so well that it prompted another Englishman, D.H. Lawrence, a renowed writer, to comment,

That blue-eyed darling Nathaniel knew disagreeable things in his inner soul.  He was careful to send them out in disguise.

Indeed, The Scarlet Letter is a parable in which Hawthorne scrutinizes the Puritan culture that has had such a profound impact on the American character.  Wrought with guilt because of the sins of his Puritan uncle who was a judge in the Salem Witchcraft Trials, Hawthorne (who, in his shame, changed the spelling of his surname) examines the  consequences of secret sin and of public penance, touching upon many familiar conflicts in life. To lend his parable more verisimilitude, Hawthorne incorporates real characters into his fiction such as the Reverend Mr. Wilson.  To lend his parable spiritual significance and life, Hawthorne employs symbols such as the scarlet A which changes meaning throughout the narrative and Pearl, the child who represents much more as the passionate symbol of her mother and her father's inner natures denied by Puritanism.

His ultimate message against the hypocrisy of his ancestral Puritanism is thus conveyed through the symbolism and characters:  those who acknowledge and confess their sins can be redeemed, while those who keep their sins secret, live--as Thoreau remarked--"lives of quiet desperation."  Hawthorne himself declares his novel "a tale of human fraility and sorrow."  His lesson is declared in his conclusion,

Be true! Be true!

What is Gatsby's romantic vision of himself?

Gatsby is a Byroic Hero, known for his personal paradoxes.  Byron as you know, embodied all that was passionate.  He was:

•“Mad—bad—and dangerous to know” •“Think not I am what I appear” • “Like all myths, ‘Byron’ embodied contradictions more than he resolved them.” •“The magnetism of his person- ality offset the cynicism [his poetry] displayed.”

Gatsby is a modern recreation of this magnetism. His desires, unlike Nick's, are intensely focused.  The Byronic Hero shares these characteristics with Gatsby:

•a rebel, •has a distaste for social institutions, •ultimately being self-destructive, •in exile (following the war), •expressing a lack of respect for rank and privilege (esp. re: Tom), •having great talent (or at least ambition), being highly passionate (about Daisy), •hiding an unsavory past (reinventing himself through Dan Cody), •unusually handsome, or inextricably attractive, often to both sexes (Nick and Daisy), •wounded or physically, disabled in some way (by Daisy), •moody, mysterious, and/or gloomy (won't attend his own parties), •passionate (both in terms of sexuality and deep emotions generally),  •remorse laden (for some unnamed sin, a hidden curse, or crime),  •unrepentant (despite remorse),  •persecuted by fate, •self-reliant (often rejecting people on both physical and emotional levels).

Gatsby sees himself as his own god, indefatigable.  He is so wrapped up in his reinvented self, so focused on his goal and desire, that it blinds him to his inevitable death.  This is what separates the tragic hero from the Bryonic: Gatsby never realizes that fate, realism, George, death, etc... have caught up with him.  He never has an epiphany, at least not narrated so by Nick.

What did the Europeans call the French and Indian War?

What we call the French and Indian War was called the "Seven Years War" in Europe.

This war was part of the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France (although this particular war involved other countries on each side).  These countries had been in conflict on and off with one another for centuries.

The Seven Years War was much larger than the French and Indian War, so it is not exactly right to say that they are the same thing.  The British and French were fighting each other in many places around the world.

So it's probably more proper to say that the French and Indian War was one theater of the Seven Years War.

What is the naval officer thinking at the end of Golding's novel,"The Lord of the Flies"?In other words, is there anything significant about the...

In William Golding's allegorical novel, "Lord of the Flies," there is a final irony in the rescue of Ralph from the savagery of Jack and the hunters.  For, this rescue is effected by a warship with a naval officer arriving on the island.  While, on the one hand, this officer represents the discipline and order of a civilized society, he also, on the other hand, represents war with its accompanying brutality and savagery. 

This officer looks "down at Ralph in wary astonishment"; he wonders what has occurred on the island, while at the same time he is cautious of this apparent savage. 

In the background, with bows [that] hauled up and held by two ratings.  In the stern-sheets another rating held a sub-machine gun.

With his gilded cap, gilt buttons, epaulettes, and revolver, the officer represents a decadent society that is, perhaps, not so civilized either. The officer's astonishment extends to his disapproval of the boys' lack of discipline as he looks at the painted faces of the boys:

I should have thought that a pack of British boys--you're all British, aren't you?--would have been able to put up a better show than that--I mean--

Without realizing the import of his words, the officer has called the boys "a pack"--much like wolves who also are bloodthirsty--and used a Britishism "a better show" which here contains an ironic meaning. For, while the officer means "appearance" the suggestion within the context of the situation is that he himself puts up "a show" of civilization with his gilded uniform, but he is, ultimately, a soldier of war, just as the boys are in battle with Ralph. 

What is the setting, conflict and complication?

The diary format of Go Ask Alice highlights the drug and sex focused culture of the late 1960s. The baby-boomers of the 1960s had easier access to drugs and birth control and an unpopular war in Vietnam divided society along generational lines between the powerful establishment of old, white men and the younger counterculture.

Alice diary reflects her experiences and feelings as she feels caught between both philosophies. She has traditional dreams such as marriage, but she also resents the society that makes it so easy for minors to obtain illicit drugs. She documents her drug experimentation, but she mentions very little of the other cultural phenomena such as the music makers like the Beatles, Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin and others. The war is barely acknowledged, and the political rallies seem more a means of giving people an excuse to get stoned rather than making a statement.

What is the "scar" that is repeatedly mentioned?

I remember the scar as being the damage done to the landscape by the crashed plane. As such, the scar might be seen as a symbol of the destructive influence of humans; they have crashed into what might have been (although I don't believe it) seen as a Garden of Eden.

This question has been asked before (see the link below) and the answer given is pretty much the same as mine.

Explain the differences between 'apostrophe' and 'personification' with examples.

Wordnik defines 'apostrophe' as

"The direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the course of a speech or composition."

In Ch.23 of Charles Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge" Mr. Chester remarks,

"Ah Ned, Ned, if you would but form your mind by such precepts, we should have but one common feeling on every subject that could possibly arise between us!'

This apostrophe was addressed, like the rest of his remarks, to empty air: for Edward was not present."

Similarly, Wordsworth's sonnet "Milton" which begins, "Milton!thou shouldst be living at this hour" is another famous example of apostrophe.

Wordnik defines 'personification' as,

"A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form."

Emily Dickinson's poem "The Train" which begins,"I like to see it lap the miles/ And lick the valleys up" is a fine example of 'personification.'

The difference between 'apostrophe' and 'personification' is that in an apostrophe the person referred to has to be absent [both Edward and Milton are absent], where as in personification it is not necessarily so. Moreover, in an apostrophe persons are merely referred to, where as in personification inanimate objects become endowed with human qualities.

By the end of the Indian Wars, the Native American population in the continental United States had...

...a variety of cultures which had been completely wrecked."  There were probably no more than three million Native Americans in what became Canada and the US when Jamestown was founded in 1607, the vast majority living in the Southeast and Northeast.  It took white Americans over two centuries to conquer the nations east of the Mississippi, but little more to complete the Indian Wars.  The truth is that once Lewis and Clark proved President Jefferson had caused the US to purchase what was the most valuable real estate in the world there was no way the white settlers, government and business interests were going to let the approximately three thousand Indians who lived there keep it.  The discovery of gold in the Black Hills and such situations made the process a little faster, but the main impetus was simply the land itself.  The central plains of North America is the richest farmland on the planet, and the lure was irresistible.

The process, from the Powhatan War of 1622 to the Massacre at Wounded Knee took about 270 years.  Most Native cultures were completely destroyed, only a shadow of some remaining in the West.  Red Cloud was the only Indian leader to actually win a war with the US, although the reservation he accepted and many of the freedoms his people were guaranteed were eroded over time.  The worst defeat by the Natives was visited on two US Army regiments in 1791 at the Battle of the Wabash, where some 623 soldiers were killed under the command of Gen. Arthur St. Clair by the Miami nation under Little Turtle.

Polar Bears are more an more affected by mercury pollution. How is this happening?

First of all, it's important to establish from where the Polar Bear is feeding.The result was that from 2 cardinal food chains the Polar Bear procures it's nutrients, mainly:phytoplankton (microscopic plants which are floating on the ocean's surface) and algae.

According to studies, the phytoplankton is the principal source of nutrients for Polar Bear, but also having a higher amount of mercury than algae.

The dependency of the Polar Bear of ingestion of increasingly large phytoplankton quantities is the result of global warming, thus, the amount of mercury ingested is worrisome. 

It is not negligible the fact that ice and snow have their proven contribution to deposition of mercury, substance which is found in environment, naturally, as well as from sources generated by mankind. The mutation of mercury into the poisonous methylmercury is happening in microorganisms which, after that, are stored in fish and animals.

The dependency of the Polar Bear of ingestion of increasingly large phytoplankton quantities is the result of global warming, thus, the amount of mercury ingested is worrisome.