When considering only the Sun, Earth, Mercury, and Mars in a planetary system, which statement is correct?Multiple Choice: A) The Sun, Earth, Mars,...

All the statements are wrong, and at best create confusion.

Each of the planets mentioned revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit , with sun at one of the focii of their orbit. The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are in the inseasing order of the distance from the Sun.

The motion of the planets are governed by Kepler's Laws  motion , which are derivable by Newtons universal gravitational law. The radius vector joining the planet and the sun sweeps (or covers) equal area in equal intervals of time. Planets not only orbit around the sun, but also spin around their own axis. The square of period of the planet is directly proportional to the cube of the distance of the planet from the sun.