Lord of the Flies was written because of Goldin's experience with World War II. The book also takes place during the war and we see traces of the world at war outside of the island. We do not know exactly what happened to the boys, but it is likely their plane was shot down by another aircraft involved in the war. We also see other signs such as the dead parachutist as well as the arrival of the Royal Navy at the end.
Golding explores the nature of evil in his novel. He seeks to explain, in one form, what it is that would cause people to start a war and where the desire to hurt other human beings comes from. Through his novel we see Golding's belief that this evil is innate and civilization attempts to control it. However, it all goes sour when even civilization cannot stop the desire to kill and the world breaking out into war.
By using children, Golding is able to explore where this evil can come from. Children are products of the society in which they are brought up. Near the beginning we see the "littlun" that recites his name and address as a reminder that within these boys there still exists a clear imprint of their society and civilization. Little by little the boys start to forget and the imprint goes fuzzy as they begin to give in to that innate savagery.
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