Well let's take a look at what that means..."public art." This is art that has been created with the intention of being displayed in a public place where it can be accessible to everyone. This, of course, contrasts with art that is privately held or is being kept in a museum. Sometimes this includes art inside of buildings that people can get to and see if they wanted to, but I think the spirit of true "public art" is that it is more accessible in that it is "out there."
This type of art has been around for a long time, with monuments and statues being some common forms people have been making for centuries. Some people also include in this definition examples of beautiful architecture which are meant to be enjoyed by everyone who sees them.
The art should not, also, be limited to physical things. Public art can be human demonstrations of various kinds, such as dances, parades, and other displays.
As for the purpose, well, it has the same purpose as any art: to be enjoyed, to make people think, or to convince people to believe a certain way. When taken too far, public art can become propaganda, but usually in society it functions as a way to beautify or express a common community value. The art becomes controversial when it "goes too far" or goes against those community values.
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