Friday, February 18, 2011

"A competitive firm sets its price equal to marginal cost" Please explain why this is false?

In case of perfect competition (adjustment amount), the price is fixed so as to be equal the marginal costs to achieve maximum profit.


In case of normal monopoly, there is an area where increasing marginal cost intersects the decreasing curve of the sales.At this point of intersection, is the combination of the quantity offered and the price obtained that maximizes the total gain of the monopolist. This price is, ceteris paribus, higher than the price set by those who adjust the quantity and the amount offered is less than in case of perfect competition.


In case of "natural monopoly" average costs are decreasing by quantity.In this case there isn't a point of intersection between marginal costs and average costs, because marginal costs are always below average costs. Therefore, such a monopoly can not cover its costs with marginal costs, so it must be set  a price at least equal to average costs.


Only when the marginal costs exceed average costs, the price set can be equal to the marginal costs,so that to be covered all costs.

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