I. Impaired Host Defenses, for e.g.
Deficiency of cell-mediated/ humoral immunity
Decreased complement level etc.
Diminished inflammatory response
Diabetes mellitus
Malignancy
Prematurity and low birth weight
Intravenous drug abuse
Old age
Immunosuppressive therapy
Splenectomized patients
Uraemia
Hepatic failure
Aplastic anaemia
Myeloma
II. Pre-existing Infections
III. Instrumentation and Surgery Examples
IV. Other Factors Such as-difficult delivery, exposure to infected incubators, exposure to infected ventilators, etc.
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