How does Gertrude highlight the weakness of man and his susceptibility to sins of the flesh?

First, if I were casting for the play, I would cast a rather good-looking actor for the role of Claudius.  This would help explain, to some extent, the temptation he posed for Gertrude.

Gertrude seems to take the path of least resistance.  Most probably she and Claudius had some kind of relationship before King Hamlet's murder.  I base this theory on the fact that Gertrude's marriage to Claudius cinched his position as king, so Claudius must have been pretty certain of Gertrude before killing his brother.  Gertrude did grieve over the death of her husband, but she married Claudius very quickly.  Her reasons for doing so are not clear:  perhaps she was strongly attracted to Claudius, perhaps she was trying to maintain life as she knew it as the queen, perhaps she feared facing her future alone without a man to dominate and control.  We rarely know what Gertrude is thinking, so any of these factors could contribute to her relationship with Claudius.  But once married to him, she clearly enjoys him.   Her openly demonstrative behavior toward him is what angers Hamlet and is central to his diatribe against her in Act 3.

In Act 3, when Hamlet informs her that the one who now shares her bed is the one who murdered her former husband, Gertrude reacts in horror.  This moment of truth seems only to paralyze Gertrude,  "Thou hast cleft my heart in twain," she tells Hamlet.  Gertrude's loyalties are now divided between her son and her husband.  Even though her husband is a murderer, how can she break with him?  Gertrude is not strong enough to confront the king.  Besides, it would mean that her entire world would come crashing down.  So, she does nothing. In Act 4, Gertrude stands by the king as if she knows nothing about his heinous crime, even defending him against Laertes' attack.  In Act 5, when she is dying from the poisoned cup, she does not speak out against Claudius even while trying to warn Hamlet about the drink.

Gertrude probably represents many of us who try to maintain the status quo when trying to do the right thing would take enormous sacrifice and might even be futile.  For Gertrude, speaking out against Claudius, exposing him as a murderer, might mean sacrificing her life and the stability of her country.

After reading the book To Kill a Mockingbird, what kind of person do you think the author was? What makes you feel this way?Please give a detailed...

    We can assume that Harper Lee, author of the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, based the main characters of the story on herself.  Like Scout, mischievousness, tom-boyish tom-foolery and a precocious maturity and intellect were all traits of the young Harper Lee during her youth in Monroeville, Alabama. And like Atticus, Ms. Lee nearly became a lawyer before dropping out of school.
    Although Nelle Harper Lee has retained a reclusive lifestyle and type-lipped attitude toward her famed novel, we know many facts about her early life. Scout's dad, Atticus, is brought to life through the experiences of Ms. Lee's father, Amasa C. Lee, who was an attorney, Alabama state legislator and owner of a newspaper. Much like Scout, these occupations exposed her to political and social matters as well as the written word, hastening her own reading and writing skills. Her mother, Frances, suffered from a mental illness--possibly giving her insights into Boo's behavior--leaving her father, like Atticus, as the primary head of the household. Atticus was based on Ms. Lee's father, although she has undoubtedly instilled many of her own attitudes in his character.
    Like Scout, the author spent her own youth as a "rough 'n' tough tomboy." She was visited during summers by her friend Truman Persons, later famed author Truman Capote, who was the basis for the character of Dill. She, too, studied law at the University of Alabama but gave up the profession just short of graduation. She was considered a loner and individualist, and she is still involved in church and social matters.
    Today, Harper Lee, like Atticus, remains humble and lives a simple lifestyle in her hometown of Monroeville. And like Scout, she has a stubborn streak, still refusing interviews or public discussions about her one and only novel.

In The Chrysalids, what is the difference between the external Rosalind and the internal, real one?

"(Rosalind) was in a hostile world, and deliberately equipped herself to face it"
Rosalinds knows that the world is full of threats but she put up a strong front and disguises herself with a though facade. She "builds her own convincing creation" when she was a "sensitive, fearful, yet determined child” . This also shows that Rosalind is very self-reliant and depend on herself to source for weapon and protect from threats.

When the Spider-man says he will take Rosalind as his lover, “(Rosalind’s) eyes dropped” but “it was not surrender to the stronger character, the conqueror. It was loathing, a horror which broke her defenses from within.” à Rosalind is terrified and is made to be described a ‘child’ in the face of the thought of bearing Spider-man’s child. She had lacked the physical and emotional strength against a stronger character like Spider-man and she breaks down and exposed her possibilities of being harmed.

Therefore, Rosalind appears to be though on the outside (external) but is vulnerable in the inside (internal).

Source: My personal notes ;)

In Chapter 3 of The Chocolate War, what word were writen on the side of the bus? What might the words mean to Jerry?

In Chapter 3 of The Chocolate War, the word "Why?" had been scrawled in "a blank space no advertiser had rented" on the side of the bus. Beneath that word, someone "had slashed in answer" the words "Why not?"

Jerry is an intelligent young man, and the words scribbled on the side of the bus make him think about the reasons he does the things he does. In the liberated, freedom-loving society of the late 1960s and early 1970s, his school, Trinity, is "one of the last schools to retain a dress code - shirt and tie," and it also demands complete comformity in a number of other ways as well. The students are expected to behave according to a strict standard of behavior at all times, and to submit unquestioningly to directives such as participating in the school candy sale. The questions on the side of the bus reflect thoughts going on already in Jerry's mind. Unlike so many of his classmates, he does not easily submit mindlessly to whatever he is told to do. He is prone to reflection, and consideration of the possibility of acting on his own, in defiance of the established order.

Just before he sees the writing on the bus, Jerry is confronted by a hippie who is hanging out with a group on the Common across the street. The hippie mocks him for his obvious adherence to convention, chiding,

"You know who's sub-human, man? You. You are. Going to school every day. And back home on the bus. And do your homework...square boy. Middle-aged at fourteen, fifteen. Already caught in a routine. Wow."

Although Jerry is not inclined to drop out of society to the extent done by the hippie and his companions, he is being challenged on all sides to at least think about what he does in his life. By doing so, however, he is taking a great risk, because in the world in which he lives, refusing conform, even through such seemingly insignificant means as not participating in his school's candy sale, brings dire consequences (Chapter 3).

Who was the first familiar person Victor saw after the completion of his "project"? For what reasons did this person travel to Ingolstadt?How did...

Victor, who was in pretty sad shape after first "meeting" his creation, ran into the street.  He ran into his friend, Henry Clerval, who had come to Ingolstadt to check into Victor's health and well-being.  It's ironic that they should meet in the street, but very necessary for the plot.  Victor falls into a fevor/delerium when they get back to his house.  This coincidence is critical for the plot.  If no one had found Victor, he may have wandered the streets until he died, or he may have been "captured" by the police and put into their equivalent of a mental hospital ... after all, where would you put someone who claimed to have made a human being out of spare parts that he stole from wherever he could get them? 

Henry spends the winter nursing Victor back to health.  Of course, the other irony is that, after nursing Victor back to health, he will later lose his own life because of his friendship with Victor.

In "The Crucible" is there any indication Parris know the girls are false?For example, Abigail runs away? Anything else?

Nowhere in the play does Parris state to anyone, "Hey--I know those girls are lying."  However, you have to conclude that he knows, deep down, that there is something fishy about their accusations.  He was there when it all started, he's there every day in court, and he is there when it all fizzles and dies, and Abby bails on him.  So, he's got to know.  I think that he might suspect it, but, playing along with them works more in his favor than not.  Playing along with them makes him look like the important man of the town, an official of the high court, and he even plays the role of a sort of unofficial judge during all of the proceedings.  Playing along allows him to voice, in an official capacity, many of his long-held judgments against townspeople that don't like him.  He decries Proctor and Corey when they come to the court, trying to turn the judges against him--Proctor and Corey have never liked Parris, and they have all fought in the past.  Helping out with the girls also helps him to boost his reputation as a man of god in the town--here he is, helping root out the witches.

But consider the fact that just before Abby broke down and "confessed" to witchcraft, she had been vehemently denying doing anything other than dancing in the woods.  Consider that as soon as the townspeople start to turn against the courts, Abby takes his money and leaves--that is so highly suspicious that Parris is visibly shaken and fears for his own reputation and life.  Consider that Mary Warren herself came and confessed that they had all been faking.  Parris is quick to discredit her, but you have to wonder if he didn't know she was speaking the truth.

The bottom line is that if he did know, he kept it to himself.  He had much more to gain from keeping that quiet, and being a selfish, prideful man, he took advantage of the situation to improve his standing and take care of himself above all others.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

What do we learn of Macbeth's character from Act 4, Scene 3 of Macbeth?

From Act IV Sc 3 we learn that Macbeth is not only corrupt and evil but is also capable of carrying out horrendous deeds to achieve his aim.

The function of this scene is to discuss and assess the moral forces of the play before the final attack on Macbeth's corruption and treachery is set in motion. The main discussion takes place between Malcolm,the murdered king's son and heir to the throne and Macduff .a loyal nobleman. During the discussion Macduff says:

Not in the legions

Of horrid Hell can come a devil more damn'd

In evils to top Macbeth (Act IV Sc 3 L 57-59)

In his reply Malcolm says:

I grant him bloody,

Luxutious.avaricious.false.deceitful,

Sudden,malicious,smacking of every sin

that has a name. (Act IV Sc 3 L 58-61)

The horrors of Macbeth's reign are discussed and analysed as well as the affairs of the realm. We learn that Malcolm and Macduff are both honourable men. The fact that they consider that there are no bounds Macbeth's treachery confirms to us the evil of his ways

Their conclusion is proven correct when at the end of the scene Ross announces that Macbeth has had Macduff's wife and children mercilessly murdered.

How does John Proctor demonstrate alienation throughout "The Crucible"?

The main way that John demonstrates alienation is within himself; he has sinned, and he feels like he is not really a worthy man in the eyes of others, God, the church or himself.  So even though he is around people, and interacts with them, he feels alone.   Miller writes of him that

"the steady manner he displays does not spring from an untroubled soul...he is a sinner...against his own vision of decent conduct."

So, he feels like he has sinned against himself and his own morals, and this alienates him from his own self-esteem, and everyone else too.

In act one we learn that he doesn't come to town often, and in act two, we see that he is very alienated from his wife.  Hale questions why he has alienated himself from the church, not coming very often that past year.  He tends to alienate him from Parris and those that like Parris, and from the Putnams and their money-grubbing ways.  All in all, he does not have very many connections, and keeps himself aloof from forming alliances and connections.  He does, however, join with Francis and Giles in trying to save their wives, and ends up alienating himself further by getting arrested and thrown in jail.  He then refuses to confess, which sets the judges against him.

All in all, John Proctor is a very strong figure, but one that feels alienated in his own heart because of his misdeeds, and keeps himself distant from hypocrites and other people he doesn't like.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

How does McCandless from Into the Wild mimic Jack London's protagonist in "To Build a Fire?"

In a sense, McCandless shared antithetical views to London's dark naturalist themes. McCandless sought adventure in Alaska, but he also thought that he could prepare himself to beat the elements.  London, on the other hand, after enduring a severe "beating" by the Yukon's extreme environment focuses on man's inability to conquer nature or animals' instinct.

However, readers of both works cannot help but see the similarity between McCandless's lonely, harsh fate and "To Build a Fire's" protagonist's isolated death in the cold, unforgiving Yukon. Both men think that they will be different from others who have gone before them into the demanding elements of the north and met cruel deaths.  Chris does not listen to all those who worry about him and advise him not to go alone to Alaska.  Likewise, the newcomer ignores the oldtimer's advice about not traveling alone when the temperatures drop so low. In the end, both men die because nature defeats them--Chris is defeated by the cold and starvation, and the newcomer dies from hypothermia.  Both are alone in the end.

Why is the movement of lithospheric plates significant?

Most earthquakes can be explained coherent by the theory of tectonics plate . According to this theory, the outer shell of the Earth (the lithosphere) consists of some relatively stable massive huge rock, called tectonic plates. The main tectonic plates have an average thickness of about 80 km and are moved by the movement of convection in the mantle, which in turn is created by heat generated in the nucleus.

Relative movement of tectonics plate  is responsible for a part of significant seismic activity worldwide. Collision between lithosphere plates, edges destruction of tectonic plates in subduction zones (convergent area) at a slip of a plate
under another plate,or expansion in the ocean divergent areas, are all mechanisms that produce significant tensions and fractures in the earth's crust. Many major earthquakes 
is due to sliding along transcurrents faults .

Earthquakes generated from the active edges of tectonic plates is called earthquakes inter-plate. Strongest surface earthquakes in Chile, Peru, Eastern Caribbean, Central America, southern Mexico, California, Alaska South and Aleut Kuril Islands, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand, belt Alps - the Caucasus - the Himalayas are the type of Intra-plate earthquake. Average speed of movement of tectonic plates is 2-5 cm / year.

In addition to earthquakes generated in the active edges of tectonic plates, sometimes occur devastating earthquakes within the plate tectonics. The latter is called intra-plate earthquakes. Such earthquakes indicate that the lithosphere plates are indeformabile and inside them that can cause fractures. Examples of such earthquakes are north-east Iran, New Madrid (Missouri), Charleston (South Carolina, USA), northern China.

In "The Interlopers," which family won possession of the disputed land in the lawsuit ?

In Saki's The Interlopers, Ulrich's family is the one that owns the land legally. Georg is the one that is technically trespassing because he continues to hunt on Ulrich's land anyway. After a tree branch falls on each man, they grow to accept their situation and mend their ways by ending the feud that has plagued both of their families for years. However, when the situation appears to be one for rejoicing, it soon grows bleak again. The ten figures that Ulrich observes on the hill are really wolves. It is likely that the two men will meet their demise at the hand of wolves, not one another.

What countries in Europe won their independence during 1830 and 1831? And where did the first revolt against the Balkan people begin?This are the...

From the French Revolution to the Age of Napoleon to the Revolutions of 1848, Europe was in constant political turmoil for the first half of the 19th century.  Inspired by revolutionary movements in France and in the New World, Europeans began to revolt and establish new political entities.  Belgium broke away from the Netherlands in 1831; Greece broke away from the Ottoman Empire in 1832, France underwent yet another revolution in 1830 which once again deposed the monarchy; Poland attempted a revolt but was crushed by Russia, Austria attempted to alter its government, but the movement was also crushed;  Most notably, the failure of Austria and what are now the Balkans to reform led to one of the principle catalysts for the First World War.

In Jane Eyre Chapter 4, how are Eliza, Georgiana, and John characterized as children?

In the book Jane Eyre Eliza, Georgiana, and John are the Reed children.  Their father is deceased and they are being reared by their mother with the assistance of her servants.  Eliza, Georgina, and John have been raised to regard the poor as being beneath them.  Their compassion of the poor is limited by their circumstances.  They have been taught that being poor as a very bad thing.  John is more of an antagonist against Jane.  He is spoiled and likes to start trouble by making fun of others.  Yet, when he has a consequence for his actions from another child, he runs to his mother or the servants.  The girls are always dressed nicely showing their parent's wealth. 

I do not believe that the children will become anything but what their circumstances will allow.  If the girls find a proper mate with money, they will continue to live in the higherlevel of society.  They may change as they grow older to have compassion for those with less than themselves, but it is doubtful based on the attitudes in their home.  Georgina is already selfish evident by her desire not to share her doll house toys with Jane. Eliza sells her chicken eggs to the servants and hoards the money demonstrating her greed.  John will continue to be spoiled as the male in the household.  He will most likely dominate his mother and perhaps even be a bully among others as he grows to age.  Bullies tend to target people weaker than themselves who have no from of defence.  Since he does not like to have someone fight him back, I imagine that he will fit that pattern well as an adolescent and adult.

What is Lennie's personality like throughout the 1 & 2 chapters?

In the beginning of John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men," Lennie and George are introduced.  As George walks like a man, Lennie plods behind him,

A huge man, shapeless of face [like a child], with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulder; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws.

Despite his size, Lennie is subservient to George, and thinks as a child.  For instance, George has to scold him about drinking so much water as Lennie submerges his entire head into the lake.  Then, he

dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers so the water arose in little splashes...

As the two men camp out, waiting for the next day, George scolds Lennie as though he were a child, cautioning him not to drink too much water, instructing him about how to behave the next day on the job, telling Lennie that he holds his work card so Lennie will not lose it.  Then, George notices that Lennie, like a small boy, has something in his hand.  Again, he must scold Lennie, reminding him of the trouble that he got into at the other place.  Lennie gigles as he recalls.  As he lies quietly for a time, Lennie then asks Georges questions, just as a child would, such as why are they not going to the ranch today and what are they going to eat.  The "parent" George espies something in Lennie's hand.

George tells Lennie to throw away the mouse: 'I wasn't doin' nothing bad with it, George, Jus' strokin' it.'  When George alludes to Aunt Clara, Lennie looks at George sadly. for his mother-figure is now dead.  He asks George to tell him about their friendship and their "dream"; this tale is like a night-time story for Lennie, and he is lulled into comfort.  Before they bed down, George instructs Lennie about what to do if they get into "trouble," having Lennie repeat such phrases as "Hide in the bush."  Lennie falls asleep as he listens to George tell him about the rabbits they will have and the ranch they will own. Dependent upon George for thinking for him as well as for his income, Lennie is absolutely lost without George, for George is like a father-figure to him.

In "The Book Thief" how does Liesel and Rudy's friendship change throughout the book? What does Rudy want from Liesel?

At first, Liesel and Rudy are just mere acquaintances, neighbors at the most.  They live down the street from each other, and occasionally cross paths at school and in the streets, especially playing soccer and other games outside.  But then, when Liesel takes down the neighborhood bully, a true friendship is formed.  For Rudy, it is love at first sight.  He is "wow'ed" by Liesel and her strength, and the two of them become friends and start hanging out together quite a bit.  At first it is just occasionally, but after a while, they end up doing almost everything together, including thieving for local gangs, and stealing books.  When they aren't at their individual homes, they are together.  They are hungry together, tired together, in trouble together, stealing together, scheming together, being happy and carefree together, and even rebelling against the local service requirements together.

For Rudy, it's more than friendship; given their pretty young age though, it stays friendly, with Rudy teasing Liesel about getting a kiss.  Liesel's feelings for Rudy are more ambiguous; we know that she cares for him, but it isn't until later in the novel when tragedy occurs, that we realize to what extent.  Their affection for each other is strong; they would do anything for each other.  Rudy even jumped into a frozen river to snatch Liesel's book for her, risking freezing to death.  They have each other's backs and are the best of friends with a very strong bond.  It's a great relationship, one that grabs the reader and helps them to want to keep reading right on through to the end.  I hope that those thought helped; good luck!

What principles govern the choices Cassius and Brutus make in Julius Caesar?

This is a difficult question, because it concerns internal motivations. It is even difficult to judge our own motivations. However, we can surmise. Let me focus on Brutus. When it comes to Brutus, we must look at past Roman history. When we do this, we read of another Brutus that acted on behalf of the Roman people. When Tarquinius Superbus was the king of Rome, some Roman believed that they must get rid of the corrupt king. What they wanted was a government that was more equal and protected the people. This was the beginning of the Republic.

When we come to Caesar, we read of another Brutus. This Brutus was probably motivated by duty, a love for the Republic, a sense of honor that stemmed from the other Brutus. When he realized that Caesar stepped the boundaries of the Republic, he wanted to reestablish the Republic, like his noble ancestor.

How did westward expansion shape British North American colonies and the U.S. between 1607-1877?

That is a massive question indeed.  Another thing to consider is that fact that when Britain began expanding across the Appalachian Mountain range, it ran into trouble with the Iroquois Confederacy, and more native resistance in general in hostile terrain.  The French exploited this by arming the native tribes, and Britain attempted to restrict settlement in order to appease them after the French and Indian War.  This caused tension with the poorer Scots-Irish settlers forced to seek land in the rugged hill country.

Later in US history, also consider the connection between westward expansion, the rapid growth of slavery after 1800, and the growth in tension between southern and northern interests that ultimately led to the Civil War.  The war may well have been delayed if there had been a slower move west, or no expansion in that direction at all.

What is the "artificial leaf" and which are it's uses?

The mechanism of photosynthesis, in which the sunlight is taken and turned into chemical fuel, was an  inspiration for the scientists in their searching for alternative energies. Among other alternatives( wind energy, water power, etc), solar energy is one of the most reliable energy, the quantity of energy which the Earth is receiving in an hour, from the Sun, is greater than the amount which mankind consumes in one year.

Through photosynthesis process, the water and carbon dioxide is transformed into sugars,oxygen and hydrogen.Scientist tried to simulate the process and they have managed. The researches are aiming now the development of a substance to act as a catalysts, so that water to be converted into hydrogen. The technology intended to be used is photocatalytic overall water splitting, this one using nanoparticles activated by light. The important thing is that the technology mentioned is more efficient than the others and, above of all, less expensive.

By simulating the mechanism of photosynthesis, the final intended product would be not only the result of water splitting, but the obtaining of the liquid fuels, like methanol.

Why did Grandma Dowdel shoot at the coffin when she saw Tom the cat?

Grandma Dowdel is a bit of a loose cannon, isn't she? I hope you're enjoying this book. It's one of my favorites! Grandma Dowdel is one of the most enjoyable (and ornery!) characters in adolescent literature.

In chapter one, "Shotgun Cheatham's Last Night Above Ground," we find Grandma telling a whopper of a tall tale. When a reporter comes snooping, trying to learn why the recently deceased man, Shotgun Cheatham, was called "Shotgun," Grandma decides to make fools of everyone, by pretending that Shotgun was a war hero. In order to pull off her bluff, she has the casket (and body!) delivered to her front room so that she can hold an overnight vigil over the dead body. Effie Wilcox, the town gossip, and the reporter join her. When the cat jumps into the coffin and starts batting at the gauze over the lid, the guests assume that the dead man is coming to life. Annoyed by her overnight guests (Wilcox and the reporter), and finished with her ruse, she fires the gun at the coffin, clearing the room and reasserting her reputation in the town as someone "not to be messed with!"

What is the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect is a natural process by which the Earth's lower atmosphere is warmed. The term "greenhouse effect" has a negative connotation because of its association with air pollution and global warming. However, it is only because of the greenhouse effect that the Earth's surface is warm enough to sustain life. In the absence of the greenhouse effect, Earth's average surface temperature would be the same as its outer atmosphere, about 0° Fahrenheit (-18° Celsius)—a far cry from our actual average surface temperature of 59° Fahrenheit (33° Celsius)!

"Greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere—primarily water vapor and carbon dioxide and secondarily methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—trap heat in the same way as the glass of a greenhouse. Specifically, solar radiation enters the atmosphere in the form of visible light, is absorbed by the Earth's surface, and is converted to heat. Some of that heat radiates upward and is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The gases reradiate heat outward in all directions, including back toward the surface. In this way the Earth's lower atmosphere is heated continuously, even at night when there is no incoming sunlight.

Since the Industrial Revolution (in the mid-1700s), levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing. This is primarily due to the burning of coal, oil, gas, and wood. The increase of greenhouse gases means that more heat is being trapped and returned to Earth, creating a condition known as "global warming."

Sources: Engelbert, Phillis. The Complete Weather Resource, vol. 3, pp. 500-4; Gay, Kathlyn. The Greenhouse Effect, pp. 2, 122-25; McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th ed., vol. 8, pp. 225-26.

I have little time: I need 10 facts about Native Americans

On December 29, 1890, the infamous Massacre at Wounded Knee occurred.  Three hundred sixty-five U.S. troops surrounded an encampment of Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.  The Indians were told to disarm themselves and, as the last Sioux to do so, they began to comply.  However, one warrior who was deaf did not turn over his rifle;consequently, the scuffle over Black Coyote's rifle escalated into a full-blown battle. Those Sioux who yet had their rifles tried to defend their tribes, but the 7th Cavalry opened fire indiscriminately upon men, women, and children.  When some Indians tried to flee, they followed them and killed them. The wounded were left to die in a three-day blizzard. In the end, 200 Sioux were dead.  Following the burial of the Native Americans, Americans lined up by the massive grave to have their pictures taken.  Twenty medals of honor were given to the U.S. soldiers involved in this "battle."

In the 1970s a book, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by historian Dee Brown was written about this massacre, creating an awareness of the horrors of the incident.  And, in 1972, Johnny Cash released the song "Big Foot," which related to the tragedy of Wounded Knee.

In 1973 the town of Wounded Knee was seized by the followers of The American Indian Movement who protested the slaughter of their ancestors and they demanded some sovereignty over their lands.  For seventy-one days they controlled the town; then, fifty Federal Marshals moved in and what started as a vigilante war became a media circus.  Both AIM and government records state that fire was exchanged for three months.  John Sayer, a chronicler, reported that 130.000 rounds of ammunition were used.  Federal agents were killed and Native Americans arrested.

What do you think ?I need some peoples interpretation of this poem.Eileen Myles That Country I’ve justnever knownwhatto callthat country.If I...

This is a very witty contemporary poem that takes up the new world order of Globalization and Postmodernism where extreme hybridity has led to an impasse in zeroing down on anything. One  thing always appears to be everything or nothing for that matter.

De-spatialization and the problematics of naming is at the core of the poem. The problems voiced would have to be understood in terms of the prevailing multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism of today's world. To name the national space seems to be the basic problem, which also opens up the issue of nation-states, nationhood for that matter moving out gradually with the onset of globalization.

The poem also implies the issue of forced Americanization, the spread of multilingualism which has made sure that it is not possible to codify a nation, solely in terms of a/one language. There are always others, as it were, waiting in the wings.

The space in this postmodern globalized world is a space of flow and fluidity--an intermediary of sorts. That is what leads to the feeling of being a vestigial figure, always on the edge. It is money and money alone, that makes all the difference in this age of high capitalism.

In "Hamlet" discuss the importance of Polonius in the play and whether you think he deserved his fate?

Polonius seems like he is only a meddling idiot who constantly noses about in other people's affairs; he might seem relatively harmless. However, don't discount the impact that all of that meddling has on the lives of those around him.  The first area that he meddles in is in prompting Ophelia to break up with Hamlet.  Polonius warns Ophelia that even though she thinks Hamlet loves her and is honorable, he indeed isn't, and all he wants is to hook up with her then abandon her.  Opehlia, at her father's prompting, agrees to stop seeing Hamlet. This rejection of Hamlet makes Hamlet, who is already mad at his mother's seeming fickleness, even more mad at women, and more incensed at the situation with his uncle and mom.  It grows his anger, making him lash out in rage against his mother in her chambers later on.

Polonius also enhances and exaggerates Hamlet's suspicious behavior, drawing attention to it, which makes the king suspicious of Hamlet's intentions--this leads the king to plot against Hamlet.  If Polonius hadn't meddled, and pointed out Hamlet's strange behavior to the king, Hamlet might have slipped under the radar and been able to enact his revenge without suspicion.

Then, because of Polonius's meddling in the queen's chamber, he ends up getting killed--because of his death, Hamlet is sent away, giving the king a chance to kill him in secret, away from the limelight.  It doesn't work, but, Hamlet's banishment from the kingdom for a time helps Hamlet to realize his own strength, find his will, and decide, once and for all, to enact revenge.

So even though Polonius may seem like a minor character who is a harmless and bumbling old man, he actually does have quite an impact on the events of the story.  And does he deserve being murdered in cold blood?  I don't think so.  We all meddle in other people's affairs; we're all gossips.  If anyone who every meddled or gossiped were killed, it would be a quick way to dramatically reduce the human population, don't you think?  I hope that helped; good luck!

Comment on Conrad's use of natural setting as an essential part of the story.

The setting of Malayan forests does function as vey much integral to the story of Arsat imprisoned in an isolation of guilt & remorse in Conrad's The Lagoon.

The natural setting consists of dark jungle 'bewitched into an immobility perfect and final' & the mysterious lagoon at the edge of which stands the old, impoverished hut where Arsat used to live with his beloved, Diamelen. The meticulously detailed out forests, bereft of all motion and impregnated with a sense of evil, the stagnant pool of water, all the hushed and intricate intonations of the night, as the Malay tells his story of love-passion-escape-betrayal to the white man, build up an appropriate atmosphere from the sunset to the sunrise the next morning.

The setting in Conrad's story is perfectly attuned to the theme of moral default that Arsat suffers from ever since the death of his brother and his arrival with Diamelen in the jungle. The poisoned and mischief-ridden forests, notwithstanding the protective 'nibong palms' inclined over Arsat's cottage, and the stagnant lagoon  covered with the shroud of late-night mist wonderfully relate to the account of human guilt, moral alienation & retribution in the form of Diamelen's death.

Why do some members believe churches would empty if a preacher periodically used Edward's types of messages reminding us we are under God's...

I am not a churchgoer myself, nor am I a Christian, so my viewpoint may be different than yours, onlytheword. Yet, I believe the point of church service is to show the congregation how to grow in the love of the Lord, not simply avoid burning in hell for eternity. Thus, sermons should be focused on how to become a better person through Christ, and how the Bible teaches us that this is possible. Many people also believe that Edward'skind of sermon fosters a Puritanical attitude that can be counter-productive to Christianity's overall message. I live with someone who practices the Christian faith, whose father is a preacher, and they both abhor the kind of self-righteousness thatpasses for spirituality in many cases today. Instead, they want to encourage everyone to seek God for themselves, and use the Bible as a tool to achieve this kind of understanding.

Simply put (perhaps too simply), you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. People respond to discussions of kindness and love with a deeper understanding than people who are scared into coming to church. You may think it's better to keep a congregation in line with fear, but then you miss a greater portion of the people you could reach through preaching God's love. Also, is the point of church to simply "keep people in line?" I hope not. I'd like to think that every Christian church's goal would be to spread the gospel of Christ to each member, not simply scare them so badly they don'tdare skipa service.

Should constitutional law enforce a distinction between heterosexual and homosexual unions, insofar as formal recognition of marriage is...

On a personal level, I am strongly opposed to homosexual marriage.  Nonetheless, I fail to see why a ban against it should be added to the Constitution.

The function of the Constitution is to define the basic roles and structure of the government.  The Bill of Rights (and the later amendments) as its name implies, expands the function of the Constitution to include a clarification of the basic political rights of the people in their relationship to the government.  Thus the people have the right to free political speech, to a government that does not show preference to any particular religion, to bear arms in order to form militia (a semi-governmental army) for self-protection, to vote regardless of race, etc., etc.

Marriage is essentially a private or religious matter.  It certainly has nothing to do with the structure of government, nor with the people's rights in relationship to the government.  As such, I do not see it as an appropriate topic for a constitutional amendment.  It should be left to the individual states to legislate as they see fit.

 P.S. Note what I wrote about the right "to a government that does not show preference to any particular religion."  That's right.  The Constitution does not actually say that you have freedom of religion (although in practice, you do).  It says that the government shall not establish any particular religion as the official religion of the land.  As you see, the Bill of Rights is, like the Constitution, concerned primarily with the structure of government, not with specific rules and regulations concerning people's conduct.

A 0.16 kg baseball moving at +21 m/s is slowed to a stop by a catcher who exerts a constant force of -350 N.How long does it take this force to...

The aceleration of the ball due to the force =force/mass of the ball=-350/0.16 m/s^2

To stop the ball imlies the ball' velocity becomes 0.The relation between the initial and final velocities and the acceleration is

v=u+at, where u is the initial velocity of the ball =21m/s and v isthe final velocity =0 in this case, and ais the acceleration =(350/0.16)m/s^2.t is the time to find out.

t=(v-u)/a=(0-21)/(-350/0.16)=0.0096 secs.

Therefore , the distance s travelled by the ball while stopping is given by: s =(v^2-u^2)/(2a), where u is the final velocity , u is the initial velocity and a is the acceleration. v=0, u=21 and a=-350/0.16. So, s=(0-21^2)/(2*(-350/0.16))= 0.0983m.

Therefore, the ball has traversed a distance of 0.1008 m after the applied force to stop it.

In "Hamlet" how do you explain the different sides of Hamlet?

Hamlet really does present different sides of himself, depending on who he thinks is around.  When he is by himself, he is ponderous, mopey, analytical, and philosophical.  When he thinks that the king, queen, or Polonius are in the vicinity, he tends to put on his "antic disposition" act, behaving in bizarre, nonsensical, disrespectful ways.  And, with trusted friends, which, by the end of the play is pretty much limited to Horatio, he is logical, kind and forthright.

Why the different acts?  Well, the most "true" Hamlet is probably the one when he is by himself--we can trust what he says, because he's not trying to put on a show, throw anyone off, or act a part.  When he shows different behaviors around the king, his mother, or around Polonius or Ophelia, he is trying to throw them off.  He has been commanded to enact revenge on the king for the murder of his father, and has to go about investigating the situation.  He figures he can investigate it most safely if he acts like his is crazy, and makes everyone around him think he's off his rocker.  That way, if he does or says something that is suspiciously close to revealing he knows about the murder, the king won't be alarmed--he'll just think it's another one of Hamlet's nonsensical rants.  He thinks that if no one takes him seriously, he can spy about without suspicion.  Another reason he acts strangely, especially to Ophelia and his mother, is because he has lost all faith in women and their ability to be faithful and true to men.  He thinks they are flirtatious and shallow; his mother has ruined his opinion of women.  Her "o'er hasty" marriage to his uncle shocked him just as much as his father's death did.  He is bitter about it, and so takes out his bitterness against Ophelia, who is a woman, and against his mother, who is the source of his angst.

Hamlet's an emotional guy with a lot of hang-ups, which accounts for many of his behavior shifts.  He is also burdened with the weighty task of enacting revenge against an uncle that he isn't even sure is guilty yet.  That is why Hamlet behaves in such different ways throughout the course of the play.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Which are the presentation forms of drugs?

If I understand your question correctly, consider the following ways to administer medication, to name a few:

pills or tablets to be swallowed (with a gulp) with water

pills, tablets, powder, syrup or droplets to be dissolved in water and then swallowed

tablets or losanges to dissolve in the mouth or mouthwash to be gargled, then spat out

eye, ear and nose droplets applied directly for local inflammation or infection

creams, oils, lotions, gels, salves, etc rubbed in and absorbed directly into the skin (sprays as well)

patches or a cataplasm with the active ingredient in direct contact with the skin

vapour from a hot solution inhaled (adtive ingredient dissolved in water)

medicated suppositories or enemas administered with a syringe in the anus or vagina

injections in the skin tissue or directly into a vein

certain light treatment (for example blue light for jauntice or infrared)

even marijuana to be smoked (pallative treatment for chronic pain)

implants with a reserve of medication to be released upon demand

Check out the following references for more information.

How is Willa Cather's "Paul's Case" modern?

As in much Modernist literature Willa Cather's character, Paul of "Paul's Case" seeks to find meaning in a petty world.  As Georg Simmel, a Modernist, wrote,

The deepest problems of modern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces, of historic heritage, of external culture, and the technique of life.

The subject matter of Modernist literature is traditionally mundane, and Willa Cather's sets her story in the most ordinary world of blue-collar Pittsburgh. In the exposition, for instance, Paul is called in to face the faculty at Pittsburgh High School where he has been suspended for disorder and impertinence, "yet each of his instructors felt that it was scarcely possible to put into words the real cause of the trouble."

The trouble is that Paul rejects the petty existence of his environment:  his ugly room with

its horrible yellow wallpaper, the creaking bureau with the greasy plush collar-box, and ....the pictures of George Washington and John Calvin"

over his wooden bed.  The banal routine of his family and neighbors who sit our on their front "stoops," talking with nieghbors about the cost of things or the "legends of the iron kings" who travel Europe seem repugnant to Paul:

It is at the theater and at Carnegie Hall that Paul really lived; the rest was but a sleep and a forgetting.

In order to establish any meaning in what Paul perceives as a life of meaningless and strict conformity, he must live in the world of the arts: 

So in the midst of that smoke-palled city, enamored of figures and grimy oil, Paul had his secret temple.

Like Hemingway's old man in "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place," Paul finds some solace from the "immense panorama of futility...which is contemporary life," as T. S. Eliot once commented.  He finds this solace when he goes to the opera; after being denied this outlet, Paul violates the work ethic of John Calvin and the honesty of George Washington, stealing from the bank where he has been made to work.  He travels to the city of the arts, New York, and lives in an illusionary world for a short time, until he reads the Pittsburgh newspapers.  Then, when all the world has "become Cordelia Street," the new stage which Paul has constructed and in which he can live is shattered.  Meaningless comes upon him and he throws himself before a train, an ending far removed from the Romantic one the reader may have expected.

A commonly used unit is the kilowatt hour. The physical quantity measured in kilowatt hour isMultiple Choice: A. current B. work (energy) C....

I will answer with mathematical analysis:Work done(W) = Force x distance (Units N-mt or Kg-mt) = = F*x

The rate of doing work is called Power.Mathematically the derivative of Work done is Power.ie dW/dt = d(F*x)/dt = F*v

Units = N-m/sec = 1 watt.THe capacity of doing work is called Emergy.hence it is time dependent. Physically Work done and energy are same.dW=P*dt

Emergy =Powerxtime =watt-sec or biger unit KWh. Therefore Answer is B.

Describe the stanza form Robert Browning invented for "Love Among the Ruins" and explain how it affects the mood of the poem.

Iambic pentameter in "Love Among the Ruins" has a really piercing effect on the poem, in that, the longer line reads smoothly, then the shorter, three syllable line emphasizes meaning, in a singular way. (It almost sounds like a song; as readers, we wait for the "refrain" similar to waiting for the chorus in a song.) The effect is we remember the short syllable lines more intensely.

In "Love Among the Ruins” he describes in detail, a city that has become a place void of relgion and meaning due to war, of course. However it is romanticized, “they built their gods a brazen pillar high / As the sky” (7.75). Robert Browning is a master of using iambic pentameter. In this poem he uses differing voices to convey a totally  different meaning.

He doesn't interpret the fall of the city as occuring only due to the war. It is money. He says “And that glory and that shame alike, the gold/ Bought and sold” (3.35-36). He comments on capitalism that changed the culture and even the language that was used in Victorian poetry.

Why does Macbeth kill Macduff's wife and children?

The play include not only the murder of Duncan, but infanticide (Act 4 sc2) and regicide (Act 2 sc2) also.We do not see the actual killing of Duncan. Shakespeare spares us that because he wants us to concentrate not upon the act itself, but on the significance of it, and the subsequent reaction of Macbeth and his wife. But this brutal killing and other even more violent actions (the stabbing of Lady Macduff and his young son), are shown to us. The effect is that we see clearly and are therefore made to 'feel' the nature of Macbeth's 'power' and the price paid by other for his ambition.

Macbeth has already embarked on a course of murder and bloodshed, as suggested by the witches. His degradation is complete. Commenting on this brutal murder scene (killing of lady macduff and his son), Coleridge writes, "the scene, dreadful as it is, is still a relief, because it is a variety, because it is domestic, and, therefore, soothing as associated with the only real pleasure of life."

In "The Road Not Taken" say something that deals with the dilemma that the reader is faced with on his journey in life.

A similar question was asked not too long ago (see the link below).

In my response to that question, I challenged the popular reading of the poem. I wrote:

I see the Frost poem "The Road Not Taken" in a very different way than the two previous posters. My reading is supported by at least two reputable sources, which are identified at the end of this posting. Both sources state that the poem can be read one way on the surface (readers often don’t move past this superficial reading, unfortunately) and a very different, more compelling and more complex way if the reader pays close attention to the language of the poem.

In 1961, Frost commented that “The Road Not Taken” is “a tricky poem, very tricky.” The trickiness may lie in the speaker's contradictions in characterizing the diverging roads. At first, the two roads seem very different, but upon closer analysis, these differences all but vanish. The second stanza opens by asserting that the one road is “just as fair” as the other and ends with the statement that “the passing there / Had worn them really about the same.” Stanza three includes a similarly contradictory statement. The two roads do not appear to be different at all; they “equally lay / In leaves no step had trodden black.”

What are we to make of these contradictions? A number of critics argue that the poem actually mocks (with good humor) our tendency to look back on our past (just like the speaker, who jumps forward in time in the final stanza of the poem) and to assign all sorts of significance to our past actions. In reality, we know that there are multiple ways to get to any one place; it often really doesn’t matter all that much which particular road we take.

At impact, what is its speed? Answer in units of m/s.A student stands at the edge of a cliff and throws a stone horizontally over the edge with a...

What you have is a two dimensional motion question. Since there is no acceleration in the horizontal plane, that velocity would remain the same (constant). So you only have to solve for the vertical velocity at impact.

In solving this question you would use the equation d = Vit + 1/2at^2. Where the initial velocity multiplied by the time is added to half the acceleration times the time squared. You of course must solve this equation for t, and since Vi is zero, solving it is pretty easy.

THis will give you a flight time of 2.231499907, which you then use in the equation Vf = Vi + at, again Vi is zero and Vf is the impact velocity in the vertical plane. This should give you a vertical velocity of -21.86 m/s (the negative is important as it indicates direction). This is probably the answer they are looking for.

If the question was looking for the two dimentional impact speed, you would then use pythagorean theorem, with -48.8 and 12.6 being sides of a right triangle, which makes the hyptenus the two dimensional impact speed. Which would be 50.4 m/s.

What are the main factors of biosphere that influence life?

The main factors influencing life are
 - Abiotic factors,
 - Biotic factors.
 - Anthropogenic factors

Abiotic factors are all lifeless inorganic and organic elements of  Biosphere (temperature, terrain, climate, soil humus, etc.). The major abiotic factors are given below.

Climatic factors

Determine adjustment, so the spreading, also limiting of the population, depending on climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, precipitation, winds blow, the intensity of sunlight, etc.).

Geographical factor

 Living environment for all organisms, is directly dependent on the geographical location of their area of development (latitude, longitude, altitude).

Orographic factor

This factor, is a geographical-climatic one, caused by climatic features, depending on terrain, especially altitude, but also on the slope inclination or slope exhibition.

Geological factor

Type of rock from the ground surface and especially from the depth, determines soil properties and therefore  plant development on account of which, directly or indirectly, all other living creatures are alive, including humans.

Edaphic factor

Factor characterizing the soil, in all its physical and chemical properties (pH, structure, texture, volume, etc..),having an overwhelming role for all food chains.

Biotic factors are  all organic elements endowed with   life of the Biosphere (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, plants, insects, vertebrates, etc.) and mutual relationship established between them. The role of biotic factors is essential to all organisms and populations, for in isolation, they can not survive, even if they have the most favorable conditions offered by biotic factors. Thus, through biotic factors occurs  insect pollination, which ensure the perpetuation of many plant species. The existence of mushrooms - allow for many forests to exist, the optimum development of herbs leads to maintain herbivore animals, etc.

Anthropogenic factor

 In environment, is involved a very stressful and complex element, namely the anthropogenic factor, ie those determined by human activity. Human, through its activities affect, very pronounced and often negative, the entire biosphere. However, there were few cases in which, through human intervention (creation of protected areas, reforestation, rational exploitation of natural resources, etc.), Nature had won. Soon or later every man will have the task of repairing what was damaged, otherwise, its very existence is jeopardized.

In a world without trade, what would happen to the cost that American consumers would have to pay for Logitech products?

This is kind of a difficult question to answer because of the way that it is phrased.  There are many different kinds of trade, and you would have to know which ones were being eliminated.  After all, buying things at the store is simply trading money for products.  If you eliminated all trade, you wouldn't be able to get the speakers because noone would want your money.  Noone would want to make the speakers because they wouldn't want to trade their time for cash.  So you see, without all forms of trade the question isn't how much a person would pay for Logitech's products, it's "how would a person even get Logitech's products?"

But I am going to assume you mean something more limited than that. I am going to assume you mean "global trade between countries."  In this case, people would still accept money for labor and money for the products they produced, just not products produced somewhere other than their home country.  In this case, Americans would have to pay a lot more for Logitech products than they do now.  Logitech would not have access to inexpensive foreign production facilities to assemble their items and would have to rely on parts manufactured and assembled in the US.  There may not be great supplies of all the raw materials required here, and so their might be a premium for certain components (because you can't just import, say, the oil required to make the plastic housings.)  This would drive prices up considerably.

The good thing about this would be that products would become more "dear" to people and our society would have to switch to a more self-sufficient one.  We would have to keep things longer and pay more attention to the recycling of our resources.  Of course, you'd never get a good French wine or Persian rug, but hey, we would always have the Big Mac and Coca Cola!

I need a summary of the story of Finn.From Beowulf, lines 1063-1250.

This digression is particularly difficult, in my opinion, because of all the new names to keep straight.  Here is a list of the most important names to know:

Frisians:

• King Finn


• Queen Hildeburh (sister to King Hnaef)


• a son

Half-Danes:

• King Hnaef (brother to Hildeburh)


• Hengest (Hnaef's top warrior)


• a group of warriors

King Hnaef and his warriors are visiting Frisia, assumedly with peaceful intentions.  It might be that the marriage between Hnaef's sister and the king of Frisia was an arranged agreement with the purpose of settling a feud between the two families/tribes.

There is a large celebration in a great hall (direct comparison to Herot at the time the digression story is told) and eventually King Hnaef and his men go to sleep all together.  For reasons that are not made clear, the Frisians attack their visitors that night.  Many lives are lost on both sides in the fray, including Hnaef, Hildeburh's brother, as well as her son.  Finn's troops are weakened to the point that they cannot succeed in complete victory, however, the Danes are at a disadvantage because they are on foreign soil.

Instead, a truce is reached, and Finn takes the remainder of the Danish soldiers as his own.  (Imagine now, the Anglo-Saxon virtue of loyalty, as it will certainly come back into play.)  Hengest basically raises to a position of power among the remaining Danes, and spends the winter brooding over revenge.  Once the spring comes, a Danish soldier presents to Hengest a sword, which symbolizes leadership and sends the message that they are ready to fight with him for revenge.

In description that parallels the gruesome imagery of the carnage left by Grendel inside Herot, the fight between Hengest and his Danish men against Finn and the Frisians is a bloody one.  Finn and most of his men are killed.  Hengest and company then take the sister of his dead king and widow of Finn back with them to their homeland.  They also return with many treasures.

What does Rivka mean when she says this quote to Hannah in The Devil's Arithmetic?"A taker is not a giver. And a giver is not a taker either. ...

Rivka is expressing the idea that each of us is a giver and a taker at different times in our lives.  It is not good to lock ourselves in to being one or the other, because if we are always takers, we never give, and if we are always givers, we never take.  Giving thanks to someone for something given is kind, but it should not be the focus of our lives.  We should concentrate instead on being both givers and takers, making sure that we express our thanks for what we take by "hand(ing) it on", becoming a giver for someone else.

Rivka says these words to Hannah when she gets Hannah a coveted job in the kitchen, and she tells Hannah that she learned the philosophy behind them from her mother, who is no longer living.  The words are especially important in the context of the camps.  Survival in the camps depends on a different set of rules than those which govern ordinary life.  In order to make it, a person must learn some hard and counterintuitive lessons, lessons which might at times seem contrary to a basic sense of humanity, such as quickly accepting that some who are too far gone cannot be saved, to know "when to fight and when not to", and to know "who to talk to and who to avoid".  The inmates of the camp are vitally dependent on each other.  Though it is important to retain the capacity to be a giver, in the interest of survival in a world gone crazy, it is equally vital to learn to be a taker at times as well.

In Act I, Scene II of As You Like It, who is Touchstone and why he is talking to Rosalind and Celia?

Touchstone is the Fool or Natural of Duke Frederick's court. When he makes his first entrance in Act I, Scene II of As You Like It, Celia and Rosalind interrupt, or cut off, their witty repartee about Fortune (blind Roman goddess of luck) and say that "Fortune sent in the fool to cut off the argument" and "Fortune makes Nature's natural the cutter-off." By this they mean that they are interrupted ("cut off") by the entrance of Touchstone ("cutter-off"), and thus identify Touchstone as the court jester. Touchstone confirms this role by entering into seemingly meaningless jesting and word play.

Court jesters were called "naturals" and "fools" because they were thought to be unsophisticated and perhaps not fully mentally developed. They were favored at court because they were skilled at word play, especially puns and could entertain with ridiculous sounding speeches and riddles. They were valued because hidden in the tongue twisting comments were truths about the courtier's and ruler's beliefs and actions. If anyone other than a fool spoke out against a ruler, he would be punished, but if it's just a "natural" speaking, well, he doesn't know what he's saying and all can be amused by the remarks: "The more pity, that fools may not speak wisely what wise men do foolishly."

Touchstone comes to Celia and Rosalind to say that Celia's father Duke Frederick wants to see them. They get involved in word play about swearing false oaths and true oaths (e.g., if a woman swears by her beard, she hasn't sworn a false oath because she hasn't got a beard; so she has sworn no oath).

He then stays to comment on the wrestling match Le Beau comes to tell Celia and Rosalind about; his comments put the wrestling match in perspective (" it is the first time that ever I heard breaking of ribs was sport for ladies"). This allows Celia a remark that reveals an important character trait that stands in contrast to one of Rosalind's character traits: Celia has more delicate sensibilities than Rosalind, and Rosalind is more daring and adventuresome than Celia. Duke Frederick later finds the girls himself. They never go to him but stay and watch the wrestling match, wherewith Orlando is introduced.

What is software architecture?

Starting from a customer's request, transmitted by the marketing and management company, architect of software should generate an image, to produce a conceptual specification of the application. Many times, does not start from a clear requirement from a client, but only inferred from a market need.

The architect is the one that defines the application from top to bottom. He should understand what is expected from the application, then have to see how the application can be divided into components, which is the role of each component and how they interact with each other. We should not lose sight of any user-interface application. At the end of the chain, the architect must imagine how application can be tested  and how to make the final validation of the product before launching.
Core responsibilities of this position allow comparison with classical architecture. Just as an architect is designing both the overall design of the "house", and every wall, door or room, with all pipes and wires that pass from one side to the other, software architect should develop its application throughout the project.
Unlike programmers, software architect does not write code, but drafted in a standard format documentation containing all product specifications. On this basis, elaborates on the conceptual level modules, the modules and components. Receiving this documentation, engineer or programmer will implement all the specific code.

What does Jem have to do for Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird?

In chapter 11, Jem, having gotten fed up with Mrs. Dubose's taunts to him about his father, visciously attacked her prized camellia bushes with Scout's wooden baton and destroyed most of the camellias.  He had to pass by her house quite often and she was a cantankerous woman who was dying.  She disapproved of Atticus's defense of Tom Robinson and said spiteful remarks whenever Jem passed by.  When Jem tore up the camellia's, he did it out of anger at her words.  As a punishment, Atticus made Jem go to Mrs. Dubose's house and apologize.  Mrs. Dubose told him that as payment for the ruined flowers, Jem should read to her every afternoon.  Atticus told him he had to do it for one month but it turned into about a week more than a month.  The real reason that Mrs. Dubose wanted Jem to read to her is that she wanted to die free and clear of the morphine she'd been taking to ease her pain.  The reading distracted her and she did die without the addiction to morphine that she'd had.  Because Jem read to her she was able to die without anything having a hold on her, which was her goal.

What is the significance of the title, Flowers for Algernon? What is the significance of the title of Daniel Keyes' story "Flowers for Algernon"?

In the story "Flowers for Algernon," the main character, Charlie Gordon, is a mentally disabled man who undergoes an experimental procedure to triple his intelligence. Scientists have previously tested the surgery only on lab mice. The mouse who has "stayed smart" the longest is named Algernon.

Although Charlie at first resents Algernon for beating him at maze tests, over time Charlie develops a bond with the lab mouse. As the story progresses, first Algernon and then Charlie gain intelligence rapidly, then begin to deteriorate. Ultimately, Algernon dies and Charlie ends up back where he started--with an IQ of 68 and a job as a janitor in a factory. Naturally, Charlie forgets most of what he learned with his artificially enhanced intelligence, but he remembers Algernon fondly as a fellow "guinea pig" and asks that the mouse be honored by placing flowers on his grave.

What does this quote mean from "Song of the Open Road" by Walt Whitman?"Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road, Healthy, free, the world...

Walt Whitman was a poet that rejoiced in being alive and healthy, happy and free.  He loved to explore and write about his meetings with all types of people.  He enjoyed nature, hunting, walking, being outside, meeting laborers and skilled people, and learning about their trades and lifestyles.  All in all, he expressed appreciation and joy for every aspect of being alive.

In these lines, Whitman is simply expressing happiness as he hits the road to go for a walk.  He starts off by saying that he starts his walk on foot ("afoot"), with a light heart, which means, a happy heart that is free from the burdens of cares, streses and sorrows.  He takes off on this walk, happy of heart, and rejoicing in the fact that he is healthy, and able to do so.  Not everyone can just take off walking when they have the desire; he can, and rejoices in it.  He also feels free--he has the freedom to take a walk and enjoy it if he desires.  As he goes on his walk, he is optimistic; he feels like he can accomplish anything.  He expresses this sentiment through "the world is before me."  He feels like the world is his, there for him to enjoy.  When he mentions "the long brown path before me," he is simply referring to either the dirt road that he is on, or a trail that he is following through the woods.  And the last part, "leading me wherever I choose," indicates once again his optimism; he can go where he wants, and he does, in full health and happiness.

I hope that those thoughts help a bit; good luck!

What can be deduced about the character of Atticus from his defense of Tom Robinson? Why was he “chosen”? To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

To Kill a Mockingbird author Harper Lee created in Atticus Finch a character who has become larger than life in both literature and in legal circles. The quintessential fictional Southern liberal lawyer, Atticus is so respected in his home state that the Alabama State Bar erected a monument in Monroeville to honor the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history." One attorney noted that "Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." An article in the Michigan Law Review claimed, "No real-life lawyer has done more for the self-image or public perception of the legal profession."

Honest to a fault, Atticus was chosen personally by Judge Taylor to defend Tom Robinson because he knew that Mr. Finch would do his best to gain an acquittal. The townspeople knew it, too.

"... you know the court appointed Atticus to defend this nigger."
    "Yeah, but Atticus aims to defend him. That's what I don't like about it."

Atticus plays upon the jury's conscience in his summation, calling upon them to honor the integrity of the court system. He makes it clear that although "all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe," he maintains a faith in the equity of both the white and black races.

Is there a good source for the definition of the term "animalism" (as used in George Orwell's "Animal Farm")?

Animalism

Animalism is an allegorical mirror of the Soviet Union, particularly between the 1910s and the 1940s, as well as the evolution of the view of the Russian revolutionaries and government of how to practice it. It is invented by the highly respected pig Old Major. The pigs Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer adapt Old Major's ideas into an actual philosophy, which they formally name Animalism. Soon after, Napoleon and Squealer indulge in the vices of humans (drinking alcohol, sleeping in beds, trading). Squealer is employed to alter the Seven Commandments to account for his humanization, which represents the Soviet government's tweaking of communist theory to make it more a reformation of capitalism than a replacement.

The Seven Commandments are laws that were supposed to keep order and ensure elementary Animalism within Animal Farm. The Seven Commandments were designed to unite theanimals together against the humans and prevent animals from following the humans' evil habits. Since not all of the animals can remember them, they are boiled down into one basic statement: "Four legs good, two legs bad!" (with wings counting as legs for this purpose, Snowball arguing that wings count as legs as they are objects of propulsion rather than manipulation), which the sheep constantly repeat, distracting the crowd from the lies of the pigs. The original commandments were:

1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy


2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.


3. No animal shall wear clothes.


4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.


5. No animal shall drink alcohol.


6. No animal shall kill any other animal.


7. All animals are equal.

Later, Napoleon and his pigs are corrupted by the absolute power they hold over the farm. To maintain their popularity with the other animals, Squealer secretly paints additions to some commandments to benefit the pigs while keeping them free of accusations of breaking the laws (such as "No animal shall drink alcohol" having "to excess" appended to it and "No animal shall sleep in a bed" with "with sheets" added to it). Eventually the laws are replaced with "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others", and "Four legs good, two legs better!" as the pigs become more human.

Frederick Douglas prayer to God by the water

Frederick Douglas was not only an abolistionist, but a devout minister. He said in his prayer to God, "You are loosed from your moorings, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and am a slave! You move merrily before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the bloody whip! You are freedom's swift-winged angels, that fly round the world; I am confined in bands of iron! O that I were free! O, that I were on one of your gallant decks, and under your protecting wing! Alas! betwixt me and you, the turbid waters roll. Go on, go on. O that I could also go! Could I but swim! If I could fly! O, why was I born a man, of whom to make a brute! The glad ship is gone; she hides in the dim distance. I am left in the hottest hell of unending slavery. O God, save me! God, deliver me! Let me be free! Is there any God? Why am I a slave? I will run away. I will not stand it. Get caught, or get clear, I'll try it. I had as well die with ague as the fever. I have only one life to lose. I had as well be killed running as die standing. Only think of it; one hundred miles straight north, and I am free! Try it? Yes! God helping me, I will. It cannot be that I shall live and die a slave. I will take to the water. This very bay shall yet bear me into freedom. The steamboats steered in a northeast course from North Point. I will do the same; and when I get to the head of the bay, I will turn my canoe adrift, and walk straight through Delaware into Pennsylvania. When I get there, I shall not be required to have a pass; I can travel without being disturbed. Let but the first opportunity offer, and, come what will, I am off. Meanwhile, I will try to bear up under the yoke. I am not the only slave in the world. Why should I fret? I can bear as much as any of them. Besides, I am but a boy, and all boys are bound to some one. It may be that my misery in slavery will only increase my happiness when I get free. There is a better day coming." Thus he spoke on Sunday near the Chesapeake Bay where he would collect his thoughts after a tough week. His faith in God carried him to his place in history as a truly gifted preacher, speaker, and abolistionist.





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Can anyone help me edit this paragraph please? I really need it! I am the eldest of three children, so I feel that it is up to me to open as many...

The eldest of three children, I have felt responsible for not only myself, but also for my younger siblings. For instance, while I have struggled in the advanced placement and honors classes, I encourage my siblings to challenge themselves as well; in fact, I urge them each quarter of every year to make better grades than I have. In addition, I encourage them to prepare for the future by learning about colleges.  So, again I try to set an example by browsing college websites and by discussing colleges with both teachers and friends.  Clearly, my responsibility for my future extends also to that of my siblings since I encourage them to pursue their dreams and aspirations as I intend to do. 

(For help with paragraph writing, see the site below. Remember to make use of transitional words, repeating some nouns as transitions sometimes)

What elements of plot, dialogue, characterization, and theme make Death of a Salesman a realistic play?

One of the major narrative elements that makes Death of a Salesman a realistic play is the development of the play's protagonist Willy Loman as an antihero.  Willy is very much an average American man who has been overcome by his desire to be successful.  Willy cannot cope with simply being an average salesman, so he blames others for his shortcomings.  During the course of the play, Miller uses flashbacks to give the reader/viewer an idea about Willy's life in the past; Willy wanted his sons Happy and Biff to be on top of everything, and he seemed to live vicariously through their experiences.  In the present, Willy often escapes into his daydreams with Ben to envision the life and adventure he never attained in reality.  The theme of illusion versus reality is evident in the play and people can certainly relate to this theme because it influences our everyday lives.

What are possible readers' views about the theme of Love and Marriage after reading Spenser's poem Epithalamion?Our teacher says, one should love...

In Epithalamion Spenser celebrates the full cycle of life as it ranges from hours of a day (23 stanzas + 1 envoi) to the summer solstice ("With Barnaby the bright") to the movement of seasons, months, and years (68 short lines and 365 long lines), thereby also celebrating the full cycle and duration of his love and marriage to his beloved Elizabeth. Therefore, after reading this, the reader has a perception of continuation and ever moving cycles in love and marriage.

Spenser also hallows his marriage song (epithalamion is Greek for a wedding song tribute) through allusion to Greek gods as well as to the Christian God and sacrament. When the couple passes the temple gates with Hymen, the organ rolls and angels fly and the Holy Priest weds them. Therefore, after reading Epithalamion, the reader has a sense of the eternal sanctity of love and marriage, regardless of religious association.

Spenser also invokes the blessing of the night on the consummation of their wedding night lest there be any fears to alarm or dangers to be afraid of so that the night might be sweet and end in blissful and loving sleep. After reading this poem, the reader would therefore have the perception of the majesty of love and marriage, not of the appeal of lust.

Scissors are mentioned a lot in the story. What could they possibly symbolize? Or are they a notable symbol at all?

The scissors are a phallic symbol in the narrative.  Elisa's association with the scissors helps illustrate how power works between men and women within the arc of the story.  When the reader first meets Elisa, she is described as both "lean and strong" and "blocked and heavy."  Several lines afterwards, the scissors she uses are described as "short and powerful," a description which is similar both to Elisa's figure.  Elisa's physicality appears male--she is not described with the curves of a woman, but rather the square figure of a man.  Her use of the phallic scissors increases the association.  She even wears men's clothing while she gardens.  The garden is where she is most powerful.  The fertile garden is a symbolic womb, and yielding the symbolic phallus means that Elisa is both man and woman in this world--she doesn't have to wait for a man to help her, she can do it on her own.

The scissors continue to be a source of power in Elisa's encounters with the tinkerer.  He  offers to sharpen her scissors--which feels sexual in nature--and she assures him that she can sharpen her own scissors.  Finally, Elisa allows him to fix the hole in her pot--another seemingly sexual situation--although it is made clear to the reader that this is out of pity, not out of necessity.  Her charged interactions with the tinkerer show the reader that she can take care of herself.

However, the scissors disappear at the end of the story.  With the powerful symbol gone, so to does Elisa's power dissipate.  Her husband recognizes her strength--is surprised by it, even--but it is gone by the end of the story.  After she realizes the tinkerer threw away her chrysanthemums--which she tended to so carefully with her scissors--she realizes her own weakness, and her strength is gone.

How bad is air pollution?i am doing a speech and it is due tomorrow and i need to know right know oh yah a

During a respiratory act, human at rest, passes through his lungs   an air quantity of 500 cm2, volume increasing more in the conduct of an exercise, being directly proportional to the effort. In 24 hours, human is breathing about  15-25 m3 of air.

By standpoint of hygiene, air affects health both through its chemical composition, as well as by its physical properties (temperature, humidity, air currents, radiation, pressure). 

In terms of chemical composition,we distinguish the influence exercised on the health of variations   in concentration of normal components, as well as action exercised by the presence in air, of foreign compounds.

Direct effects are the changes that occur in the health of population due to exposure to pollutants. These changes may be translated in order of gravity through: increased mortality, morbidity, emerging or changing physio-pathological symptoms, the occurrence of direct physiological changes and / or loading the body with the pollutant agent or pollutants.

Long term effects are characterized by the occurrence of pathological events after prolonged exposure to air pollutants.These effects can be the result from accumulation of pollutants in the body, in case of cumulative pollutants (Pb, F, etc..), until loading reaches the toxic threshold. Pathological changes can also be caused by repeated impacts of harmful agents to certain organs or systems. Long-term effects occur after long periods of exposure that may be years or even decades.

Pathological manifestations can take specific aspects of pollutants (chronic poisoning, allergic phenomena, carcinogenic effects, mutagenic and teratogenic) or can be characterized by the occurrence of  diseases where multiple pollutants represent one of the determinants or aggravating etiological agents  (acute respiratory illness and chronic anemia, etc.).

How would Behrman tell the story of "The Last Leaf"?

To answer this, it helps to look at the personality of Behrmen.  O. Henry paints him to be a rather gruff, sarcastic man who is a bit rude and surly in his attitudes and behaviors towards Johnsy and Sue.  However, he does hold a fondness for them; he helps to pose for their paintings, and has established enough of a relationship with them to be a confidant for Sue when Johnsy gets ill.  O. Henry writes,

"He was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above."

So, despite his fierceness, he cared for the two women above and considered himself their protecter; this is evidenced in his apparent sacrifice and effort to paint the leaf on the wall in the bitter cold.  His heart is soft and sacrificing.

If Behrman were to tell the story, he would probably focus quite a bit on his failed masterpiece, his love for gin, the silliness of the two girls above him in the building, and on the ridiculous fancies of the sick Johnsy.  When Sue tells him of Johnsy's fixation on the leaf, he openly shouts and laughs at the silliness of it all.  But then, have him go down to his apartment and start worrying about Johnsy.  Have him take one last drink then head out to do his work.  We might then get his last words before he dies, which might focus on the silly girls above, his fondness for his masterpiece, and the ridiculousness of his position.  All of these perspectives would fit in well with the personality of the unexpectedly kind-hearted Behrman.  I hope that helps; good luck!

How does it differ from the theories of creationism and evolution?The major premise of the theory

The simple answer: creation science believes that the universe, planet, and all life on it were created by a supreme being (God).  The theory of evolution holds that all life on the planet derived from one or few common ancestors (all living things are related = common descent).  In essence, life on the planet was an "accident" or normal outcome of natural processes that had no "creator" or "divine architect".

A major philosophical difference between the two ideas is creation "science" is not really a science at all.  To be a science is to follow the scientific method.  Make observations, form hypothesis, experiment to test hypothesis, collect data, form conclusions, publish your results so other scientists can verify them.  Models or hypothesis that fit the available data and cannot be disproven are kept while other ideas are discarded.

Creation science operates in the reverse direction.  The answer- "God created" is already present and assumed to be correct.  Data and results are then gathered to support that answer.  Any data that does not agree with this assumption is discarded or ignored. (The courts have agreed with this in legal cases involving evolution versus creation science).

Evolution, on the other hand, has to adhere to the existing rules of science and the scientific method.  Any hypothesis that does not fit the data must be discarded.

Why do the Spaniards kidnap Bright Morning in Sing Down the Moon?

Bright Morning and Running Bird are kidnapped by Spanish slave traders. These men look for young Indian girls to sell in the city to families who want domestic help. The slave trade is apparently a lucrative occupation, and essentially, Bright Morning and Running Bird are kidnapped to make money for their captors. Bright Morning says,

For many years now (the Spanish slavers) had come to the Navaho country and stolen girls to sell to families in the town who needed girls to cook for them and to wash their floors. One of the Navaho girls had escaped and come back to Canyon de Chelly and told us what had happened to her. (Chapter 4)

The slave traders prey upon the young Navaho girls as they watch their sheep in the grazing areas. In this way, they hope to be able to take their captives surreptitiously, without having to confront the warriors who would defend them. When Bright Morning and Running Bird are stolen, the warriors in their tribe are away on a raid, but the slavers do not know that. They are very careful in making their escape with the girls, often stopping to listen for the sound of following hoofbeats (Chapter 5).

What are the Keatsean predicaments in "Ode to the Nightingale" and "To Autumn"?

dipika,

Keats, one of the pre-eminent poets of English Romanticism, was inspired by Edmund Spenser and John Milton, although he progressed later in life into a unique style with his famous odes.

In “Ode to a Nightingale,” Keats explores important questions of vitality, morality, love, and nature. The nightingale, in Keats’ day, would have been immediately recognized as a symbol of erotic love. Keats is concerned intellectually with the inexorable effects of the passage of time on beauty and on human love. The world of everyday realities is a place of weariness, frustration, and change, “Where beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, / Or new Love pine at them beyone tomorrow.” What Keats wishes to do is to reach out to a world in which love and beauty are not subject to change. His prime symbol for the imaginative power that will take him on this journey is the nightingale, or more specifically its song.

Some scholars believe this poem best exemplifies Keats’ theory of Negative Capability, a state of uncertainty which may engulf even men of great reason and may leave them without hope of logic to extract themselves.

Keats' "To Autumn"Critics is rich in tactile, visual, and auditory imagery, differing somewhat in the weight they give to the melancholy overtones of the autumnal scene. The first two stanzas seem to build up, or appear to build up, a wholly happy picture of summery warmth and bursting ripeness in everything, of vines and trees and fruits and nuts and bees fulfilling their creative destiny. The personified spirit of autumn becomes a mythic figure, a kind of immortal; although reaping and cider-making are not lifted out of the practical world, they are invested with the dignity and aura of seasonal rites.

Yet even in these stanzas there is the overshadowing fact of impermanence. The summer has done its work and is departing; and if autumn comes, winter cannot be far behind. Precise hints are few—the bees ‘think warm days will never cease,’ the cider reaches its ‘last oozings’—but we cannot escape the melancholy implications of exuberant ripeness.” In the last stanza, “every item carries an elegiac note. The day is dying and gnats and lambs and crickets and birds all seem to be aware of approaching darkness.”

There may be no bird song as in "Ode to a Nightingale, but we are not to regret this because autumn has a music of its own, which is sad but not despairing because autumn is in the harmony of things. The verse rises and falls mournfully with the cloud of gnats, but the lambs bleat loud. They may no longer ‘bound as to the tablor’s sound’ and they are protesting because they have been separated from the ewes, but they will live on; they symbolize life’s continuity, like the robin who whistles cheerfully through the winter and the migrating swallows who will return from the ‘warm south.’ ”

Why is the title of the story ''NO NEWS FROM AUSCHWITZ '' BY A.M. ROSENTHAL ironic?CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHY IT IS IRONIC?

One definition of irony is that it is an outcome of events that is contrary to what would be expected.  The story is ironic in this sense.

In 1958, AM Rosenthal of the New York Times visited Auschwitz and filed the story you refer to.

The whole point of his story is that Auschwitz, which was once the site of one of the greatest horrors of the 20th century, was such an unimportant place just thirteen years later.

When Rosenthal got there, what he saw was children playing and sunlight on the poplars and not much else -- nothing going on.  How could that be in a place where something so important had happened?

As Rosenthal says

And so there is no news to report about Auschwitz. There is merely the compulsion to write something about it, a compulsion that grows out of a restless feeling that to have visited Auschwitz and then turned away without having said or written anything would somehow be a most grievous act of discourtesy to those who died here

This reflects the irony -- there's nothing going on in a place that has so much meaning for our history and for the people who died there.

Scout decides to keep her costume on while walking home. How does this affect her understanding of what happens on the way home?Chapter 28

Scout really didn't have much of a view of what happened in the climactic scene of Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. Her ham costume was quite burdensome.

Mrs. Crenshaw, the local seamstress... took some chicken wire and bent it into the shape of a cured ham. This she covered with brown cloth and painted it... It came almost to my knees... I looked exactly like a ham with legs... (but) once inside, I could not get out of it alone.

Scout could not, at first, hear the sound that Jem heard behind them on their way home from the Halloween pageant. She could tell that whoever it was "shuffled and dragged his feet," and then he began to run. Jem ordered Scout to run, too, but she could not balance herself in the bulky costume. Between the darkness and the costume, Scout could see nothing. She felt her costume being crushed, and then Jem grabbed her and tried to run once more. Finally, the two were separated. Scout feels a "flabby male stomach... but his arms were like steel." Slowly being choked, the man suddenly was "jerked backwards and flung on the ground."

Scout blindly made her way home without having seen a thing. Her ham costume had probably saved her life, but she thought that Jem might be dead. Only afterward does she realize that there were four people involved, and one of them was Boo Radley.
 

What are the main themes of William Shakespeare's Macbeth?

Perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's tragedies, Macbeth focuses on three primary themes.

POWER & AMBITION.  Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth become enamored with the idea of power and each respond by committing terrible crimes. Although Macbeth desires the throne, it is his wife's ambitious prodding that prompts him to kill his king. One crime begets another until Macbeth falls prey to a more powerful foe.

GUILT & FEAR.  Following each misdeed, Macbeth and his wife become overwhelmed with guilt, facing this consequence by committing even more crimes. But instead of a guilty conscience, Macbeth views his psychological reaction as fear instead. Lady Macbeth, meanwhile, understands the guilt that plagues her, but she attempts to deny it.

NATURAL VS. SUPERNATURAL.  Macbeth encompasses the supernatural world, beginning with the three witches who prophesy both "foul and fair." Reality is often confused with prophecy, and an aura of evil follows the two main characters. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth fall victim to the madness that follows their many unnatural acts.

What are some examples of irony in Chapter 10 of The Kite Runner?

An example of irony that occurs in chapter ten is the fact that Ali, a man who has always been wealthy and successful, is now stripped of all his material possessions and is traveling with members of the lower-class into Pakistan to escape the Russians.  This is not at all what we would expect from a man of this status, and it's ironic that after a life of hard work and success, he must start all over from the bottom.

A second example of irony is when Amir overhears the conversation between his father and Kamal's father.  Kamal is one of the boys who was present at Hassan's rape.  His father tells Amir about a situation that occured a few months back where Kamal was raped by a gang.  It is ironic that Kamal had been raped after he was involved with Hassan's rape.

Why should Freedom of Speech be extended to persons who use it to advocate destruction of that freedom for others?

Freedom of speech has to mean exactly what it says.  When the government was established in the United States our forefathers took careful consideration to prevent the abuses that had been experienced by life in England through the King's laws.  When one begins to try and determine what constitutes the right to be spoken, one is taking that right away from individuals that have opposing thoughts.

With the above thought in mind, let us look at the Vietnam War.  Many Americans were in support of the political move to enter into the war.  However, as the war progressed and many of our soldiers were maimed and killed, protestors began to speak out against the war.  At fist many were shunned or even sprayed by water when they protested.  However, because of freedom of speech they were aloud to have their say even if it was not initially the majority thought.  Later, of course, it helped to bring an end to America's involvement in war.

An important part about freedom of speech is that one person can not decide what is appropriate to speak out about.  One person’s point of view is not going to be another person’s point of view.  In order to protect the right, all men must be allowed to speak out freely even if the words are not always appropriate and may be hurtful.

In pre-Holocaust Germany, the Nazi party collected people who spoke out against the government.  Had more people not been afraid to speak up then the atrocities that occurred might not have happened.

On a negative note, black people were denied the right to speak out for so long and had to go to great lengths to have the right to the same freedoms granted to white people.  At the time an entire nation of people watched in horror as many black people took to the streets to advocate for their rights.  The black people were not the majority and their trying to obtain their own rights was not the popular thing to do at the time, but without their stepping forward to gain those rights, they would not have had the opportunity to progress and would have continued to be a separate part of a society in which they have contributed so many great things.

Freedom of speech is a responsibility as much as it is a right.  It is the responsibility of ensuring that people continue to be allowed to serve all people whether one believes in what they say or not.

What do you mean by world energy scenario?energy

The word scenario may be used figuratively to mean description of a real, expected or an imagined situation. Thus we can talk of current world energy scenario, or world energy scenario as it is expected to be after 20 or 50 years. We can also talk about what are different possible future world energy scenario depending upon different assumptions about development in world energy consumption and the way these energy needs are met. The exact information included in such scenario will depend on the purpose of painting such a scenario. Given below is a partial list of information that could be included in world energy scenario.

• Energy consumed: This may include region-wise and application wise details.


• Sources of energy and quantity of energy supplied by each. It may also give the total availability of energy from each source. Also region-wise details of such information may be provided.


• Prices and costs of energy from different sources.


• Environmental impact of energy consumption.


• Impact of energy consideration on world politics.

How does Walter show that he is a round character in the shift of scenes at the hospital in "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" by James Thurber?

James Thurber's character Walter Mitty has become an archetypal character for the ineffectual, weak, bumbling, hen-pecked man in America.  As such, he is not a round character, for the only development that takes place in his personality is in his daydreams. In the hospital scene, for instance, Mitty imagines himself as the ingenious, heroic surgeon who "saves the day" and is rewarded for his superiority by being asked to perform a critical operation while the "crave figure of Benbow, who drank... and the the uncertain faces of the two great specialists" must defer to Mitty's genius.  However, once jarred out of this reverie by the mechanic's "Back it up, Mac!"  Mitty meek character returns, "Bee. Yeh."

Later, as he waits for his wife at the hotel in a winged armchair that shields him from view, his wife accosts him angrily,

I've been looking all over this hotel for you....Why do you have to hide in this old chair?  How did you expect me to find you?

Ineffectively, Walter attempts to assert himself:

I was thinking....Does it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking?

When Mrs. Mitty simply ignores his feelings by saying that she is going to take his temperature when they arrive home, Walter offers no dissent, proving that he is still submissive and weak. In the end, Mitty again retreats into his daydreams; his final one finds Mitty symbolically in front of a firing squad [his wife] where he is shot down, "Walter Mitty the Undefeated, inscrutable to the last"--the irony cannot be missed here as he is, in reality, defeated and predictable. 

What does Buddy's friend discover after flying her kite on their last Christmas together?

In the Novella, "A Christmas Memory," by Truman Capote, Buddy and his friend have shared a Christmas morning with their distant family members.  They have eaten breakfast and Buddy's friend looks at him and says, "Buddy, the wind is blowing."  Buddy and his friend immediately grab their kites.  They have each given one another kites for Christmas as gifts.  Buddy, his friend, and Queenie head out to their pasture located below the house and begin to fly their kites.  While Queenie buries her bone, the friend and Buddy enjoy the tug of the kites on their strings.  It is here that Buddy's friend realizes that she

"...will wager at the very end a body realizes the Lord has already shown Himself.  That things as they are just what they've always seen, was seeing Him.  As for me, I could leave the world with today in my eyes."

How is ultrasound used in the medical field?

Ultrasound is a form of mechanical energy, high frequency sound waves outside audible spectrum of human ear (from 16Hz to about 15-20,000 Hz).
In Medical field, ultrasound is used at:
- Non-invasive medical diagnostic
- Doppler ultrasound
- Three-dimensional ultrasound (3-D) with ultrasound processing in images  in 3-D space, or four-dimensional space (4-D).

Responding to the application of ultrasound:
- Thermal
- Mechanical
- Chemical.
All these effects of ultrasound are dependent on the dose of ultrasound!
Ultrasound energy has the following physiological effects:
1. inflammatory response and tissue recovery,
2. restoration quality 
3. the heating of the soft tissues.
Ultrasound energy is absorbed especially in tissues with high collagen: bone, periosteum, cartilage, ligaments, capsules, tendons, fascia, scar tissue, surface tissue.

Common use of ultrasounds for non thermal effect
Facilitate healing of inflammations and proliferative phase   after soft tissue injuries (tendinitis, bursitis, acute soft tissue injuries). Healing of bone lesions = 1.5 MHz, pulse 20%, 0.15w/cm2, 20 minutes daily.