The incident you are referring to occurred when slaves being brought from one part of Cuba to another aboard the ship Amistad rebelled and took over the ship. This happened in 1839.
After the slaves took over the ship, they tried to force the navigator to bring them back to Africa. He tricked them and sailed north. They ended up being found by the US Navy off of New York. The slaves were taken to Connecticut to be resold.
When abolitionists heard about this, they started to protest and the case was taken to the US Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the slaves could not be sold and they were set free.
Although it did nothing to help end slavery, this rebellion is seen as having been very important in helping energize the cause of abolitionism in the US.
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