Monday, December 3, 2012

Please describe the structure of a chromosome in detail. I get confused with chromatids. Is the chromatid double helix structure, or the chromsome?

Right, the esiest way to understand this whole DNA thing is to work from the bottom up. There are bases called Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C). T pairs with A, G pairs with C all the time. These bases make up the double helix structure of DNA itself, which is supercoiled to make it really tiny.


Chromosomes are made of bundles of these supercoiled bits of DNA. Chromasomes look like little X's, in a chromosome  there are 2 chromatids. The X that is a chromosome is made of two bits, the chromatids. If you can imagine splitting the X down the middle, each half is a Chromatid. It is during meiosis that the chromosomes are pulled apart into 2 Chromatids.  


So basically it goes Bases-DNA-Chromosome-Chromatid.

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