What is the reaction of acids with metals and carbonates?

Acids are substances composed in whose composition enter, besides atoms of non-metals, one or more hydrogen atoms, which may be substituted with metal atoms, leading to salt.
The reaction of acids with metals
Acids react with some metals, forming salts and releasing hydrogen.
Zn + HCl = ZnCl2 + H
Reaction of acids with metal oxides
Basic oxides react with acids, forming salts and water.
CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2 + H
Neutralization reaction
Acids react with bases, forming salts and water, according to general reaction: acid + base = salt + water
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
Acid reaction with salts
HCl + AgNO3 = AgCl + HNO3
Importance and use of acids
The acids Importance  is so large that the presentation of uses is impossible to be easily exhausted.
Hydrochloric acid is used to obtain laboratory hydrogen, chlorine, the chlorides and weaker acids . It  is also used in dyes industries, medicines, leather industry, textiles and plastics.
Sulfuric acid is considered the blood of industry. It is used to obtain sulphates, chemical fertilizers and in the pharmaceutical industry.
Nitric acid is greater use of chemical fertilizer industry, the explosives, dyes, synthetic fibers and yarns. 
 Conclusion
Metals placed to the left of hydrogen in a series of activities  can replace it  from acids, that means that it reacts with dilute acids,putting hydrogen on free.
Right hydrogen metals are attacked only by concentrated oxidizing acids (HNO3, H2SO4). They first oxidize the metal and the produced oxide  reacts with a new amount of acid; in this case, instead of hydrogen, water is formed as a byproduct.
Iron
Iron is the most common metal on Earth and, besides aluminum, is the most abundant metal on earth. It occurs in combinations, constituting approximately 4.7% of Earth's crust, especially in the form of oxides, sulfides and carbonates.It is found in small amounts in native state as: telluric(earth) iron, found in rocks from Earth's surface, or outer meteoric iron, found in meteoric stones mixed with nickel, cobalt, carbon, etc..Iron is also found in some ferruginous waters in the form of acid carbonate of iron, Fe (HCO3) 2.