Is there a mantra to Parvati that one would use with a prayer mala? Could you please spell it phoenetically? If there isn't one, could you...

Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions with enduring practices and traditions. In the Hindu religion, goddesses form an integral part of worship and mantras are a way of communicating a prayer or spiritual message through various sounds which usually have a lyrical quality to them. The mantra "Om" (Aum) is well-known outside Hindu circles but sometimes its power and real meaning is not fully appreciated. 

Parvati is considered to be one of the more nurturing forms of the Goddess Sakhti who is central to all forms of power and the universe. A mantra to Parvati would have a special intention and because Goddess Parvati is representative of love, fertility and devotion, the person or persons performing the mantra would invoke a special blessing primarily related to marriage, marriage partners or troubled marriages. The mantra would be recited daily until such time as it is not required. Parvati herself underwent enormous suffering and "penance" and this would not be overlooked in any mantra to Parvati. Most often, mantras are accompanied by rituals, dedications and offerings for any set number of days. A prayer mala is useful as it is a set of beads which ensures that a person does not lose count of the number of times that the mantra has been recited. 

What is the analysis of Haircut by Ring Lardner?Please give me a detail answer as this is a very important task for me, thank you very much.

In the short story "The Haircut" by Ring Lardner, the narrator is the town barber.  He is telling his customer about the town and the exploits of the now deceased Jim Kendell.  Jim had a place of honor in the shop where he would plant himself on Saturday evenings.  Initially Jim seems like a nice fellow but the reader soon learns that Jim does not provide support for his ex-wife and children.  He is a heavy drinker as well. 

"He spent pretty near all of it on gin, and his family might of starved if the stores hadn't of carried them along."(Lardner)

Jim is a joker who likes to play cruel mean jokes on others.  On one incident he writes a card indicating to a man that his wife is cheating on him.  He does not even know the man.  He copies the man's name and business down as he passes through a town while on a business trip.  He is a vengence seeking person who even lies to his ex and his children by telling them he is going to take them to the circus.  He does not show and they have waited at the circus for nothing. He makes fun of a boy in the town who bumped his head and had brain damage after falling out of a tree.  He is spurned by a girl he likes who likes the town Doc.  He roughs the girl up when she refuses him.  To get revenge he calls her pretending to be the Doc.  She goes to the office where Jim and his gang chase her home while mocking her.

The story demonstrates irony.  The reader at first believes that the barber liked Jim and that Jim was a nice man, but the more the reader learns about Jim the more the reader realizes Jim is the opposite and that his keeping the whole town always laughing was at the hand of his cruel jokes.

There is also some question as to whether Paul killed Jim on purpose or by accident.  After all, an investigation was never conducted.

In the end the barber says:

 "But still we miss him round here. He certainly was a card!" (Lardner)

Once again we have the idea that Jim was a man worthy of being missed.  His behavior clearly indicates that the townspeople are probably more appreciative that he is gone.

So is one to preach only the kind side of God's love and exclude the parts of His Word showing our sinful side to help us face it and seek...

As far as I can tell, the issue is that your theology is different than mine in a number of ways.

For me, the Old Testament vision of a wrathful God does not make sense (in terms of what I think God should be like) and therefore I don't accept it.  This comes of me not believing that the Bible is the literal revealed word of God as you probably do.  It is for this same reason that I do not believe in all the stuff from Revelation -- the Rapture, the trials and tribulations, etc.

Second, I would hope that I could be motivated to do what's right by my desire to be a good person and NOT by my fear of eternal hellfire.  That's one reason I don't believe in that vision of hell.  I don't want my kids to behave because they're afraid I'll beat them -- I want them to behave because they know it's the right thing to do.

So I guess the major difference is that you are (I assume) Bible-believing while I am much more inclined to see the Bible as something written by ancient people and to take what seems logical (to my mind) from it and leave the rest.

A moving car has kinetic energy. If it speeds up until it is going four times faster than before, how many kinetic energy does it have in...

Kinetic energy of any object is given by the formula:

kinetic energy = k = (m*v^2)/2

Where: m = mass and v = speed of the object.

If speed of car v become four time than the increased kinetic energy

= [m*(4v)^2]/2 = (m*16*v^2)/2

Since the mass of the car (m) remains same, the ratio of increased energy at 4 times he speed to original speed:

=[(m*16*v^2)/2]/[(m*v^2)/2] = 16

Thus kinetic energy will increase 16 times in comparison.

Thus alternative A) is right.

Why was Abraham Lincoln called the emancipator?answer should be of 200 words

Answers on this site are recommended to be of 90 words, so I'll try to stick around there and give you a basic foundation that you can build on.

To "emancipate" means to set free.  Lincoln is known as "The Emancipator" because it was during his time as president that the slaves in the United States were freed.

Lincoln can be credited with freeing the slaves in two ways.  First, he chose to fight a civil war against the South instead of allowing them to secede.  If they had seceded, they would have been able to keep their slaves.  By fighting, and winning, the Civil War, Lincoln allowed the slaves to be freed (this was done by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified after the war).

The second thing Lincoln did was to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, which went into effect on January 1, 1863.  This order freed all slaves in areas that were then rebelling against the US.  Although this order did not free all the slaves, it established the idea that the Civil War was to have freeing the slaves as one of its major goals.

In "A Rose for Emily," what's the internal monologue when her father dies?Emily's internal monologue at some special moments

In William Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily,” Ms. Emily is a southern born aristocrat and spinster who has fallen into poverty and isolation.  As her environment she deteriorates.  She is a tradition and an obligation to the town.  She is a symbol of the Old South.  Initially when her father dies she is in shock and alone.  She refuses to believe he is dead and will not allow his body to be removed.  She carries on for three days like nothing has happened.  She may have talked with him about him not leaving her: telling

him that he is still well and should continue to stay well.

“When her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her;  and in a way, people were glad.”(Faulkner)

Being left without money Miss Emily must have felt resentment against her father as well as relief.  Her father had put the family at such high esteem that no suitor was considered well enough for Emily.  There fore, she was still single in her thirties.  Her internal monolog probably indicated that she was no longer under her father’s rule and would now make decisions as she chooses.

She meets a construction worker and has an affair with him.  Her internal monolog to her father may have been.  “See father, I can now date who I want, and do what I want and you can’t stop me.”  When he prepares to leave her behind, her monolog to her father may have been, “Stop it.  I know what you are thinking.  I am not good enough for him.  Quit telling me “I told you so.”

What does this incident reveal about the economy in Maycomb?

Which incident are you talking about? There are a number of economies in the fictional town (and county) in Harper Lee's novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Let us know what incident you mean and you'll get some good answers, I'll bet. This novel is full of material for discussion.

The non-monetary payments from Mr. Cunningham to Atticus Finch tell something about the economy in Maycomb, for example. In the Depression era, money was hard to come by, and in this largely agrarian region in Lee's novel, the farmer pays his lawyer not in cash but in firewood and turnip greens.

Not everyone is poor, of course, and some people still have money to buy luxuries. There's a brief reference to out-of-town travelling salesmen (selling furs) in one place in the novel.

a) Find the gradient of the function y=9x-x^3 at the point where x=-3. (b) Use your answer from part (a) to find the equation of:...

(a) Finding gradient

Gradient of the function y = 9x - x^3 at any point x is given by derivative of this function.

Derivative of 9x - x^3 is:

9 - 3x^2

Gradient of the original function when x = -3 is obtained by substituting the value -3 for x in above derivative. Thus

Gradient at x = -3 is:

= 9 - [3*(-3)^2] = -18

(b) i. Finding equation of tangent to the curve at x = -3

When x = -3, value of y for the curve is obtained substituting this value of x in the equation for the curve. Therefore:

y = 9*(-3) - (-3)^3 = 0

Therefore we have to find the equation of the line that has slope of 36 and passes through the point (-3,0), and has gradient of -18. Therefore equation of the tangent is:

y = -18x + c ... (1)

To find the value of c substituting the coordinates x = 3 and y = 0 in equation (1) we get:

0 = -18*(-3) + c = 54 + c

Therefore c = 18*3 = -54

Substituting this value of c in equation 1, equation of tangent to the curve becomes:

y = -18x - 54

(b) ii. Finding equation of tangent to the curve at x = -3

Gradient of the tangent is -18. Therefore gradient of the normal will be:

= -1/(-18) = 1/18

Therefore we have to find the equation of a line with slope of 1/18 and passing through the point (-3,0).

Thus the equation of the normal is:

y = (1/18)x + c

Or

y = x/18 + c  ...    (2)

To find value of c, substituting the coordinates x = -3 and y = 0 in equation (2) we get:

0 = -3/18 + c = -1/6 + c

Therefore c = 1/6

Substituting this value of c in equation 2, equation of normal to the curve becomes:

y = x/18 + 1/6

What is the recommended "colored" diet, and on what principles is based?

"Colored" Diet  is a healthy diet, especially one for cancer prevention. Is not particularly a diet to lose weight. It warns against sugar and fat, promote exercise and encourages consumption of balanced portions of healthy food, also a person who follows this diet, it may lose weight. Diet author is Dr. David Heber, UCLA Manager of Center for Human Nutrition.
Foods allowed
Any food that is highly colored, can be consumed. The author refers, of course, to the tomatoes intense red colored, not red meat. The basic idea is to eat as many fruits and vegetables.

They are permitted:

- Soybean

- chicken white meat
- Egg

- Fruits and vegetables

- Whole grain

- Popcorn (prepared in air)

- Olive oil or avocado.
Diet Principles 

This diet is based on the principle that food colors signify not only that the food looks good, but that the nutrients present different colors. The more intense a certain color of a food, the more content in certain nutrients is higher .
Basic principles are:
- Red: these foods contain Lycopene, which reduces the risk of cancer, examples of foods that contain it: tomatoes, watermelon, red grapefruit;
- Dark red, purple: grapes, red wine, strawberries, blueberries and red apples;
- Orange: foods containing alpha and beta-carotene, which facilitate intercellular communication and slow the progression of cancer, examples: carrots, mango juice, sweet potatoes;
- Orange / yellow: These foods contain vitamin C which protect cells and one of the many carotenoids, which Heber recommend them, examples: oranges, tangerines, papaya and nectarines 
 - Yellow-green: they are rich in carotenoids such as Lutein and Zeaxanthin, which contributes to eye health; examples: spinach and other greens, yellow corn, green peas and avocado
- Green: foods containing  isothiocyanate  which stimulates liver cells to synthesize certain ingredients that fight cancer, caused by chemicals, examples: broccoli, sprouts Burxelles, bok choy and kale (in the mustard)
- White / Green: These foods contain flavonoids that protect cell membranes, examples: garlic, onion, celery, white wine, endive and chives.
Note that:
It is harmful to eat too much of anything, even colored fruit. Herber prohibits the consumption of food with butter or margarine, preferring moderate amounts of olive oil or avocado. Those who are frightened when they hear that it has to eat from 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables a day should start gradually. You can add some bananas and strawberries to cereal when eating in the morning. At lunch we can choose an intensely colorful salad as a additional portion in place of potatoes or pasta.

Prohibited foods

They are prohibited:

-Meat high in fat content

- Whole eggs

- Butter and margarine

- Farmed salmon.

What does Eveline's father think about Frank in the story "Eveline"?

Eveline's father did not like Frank, and had forbidden her to see him.

Eveline had been seeing Frank for awhile, and people in the neighborhood knew the two were courting.  She had met him one day while visiting at a house on the main road; he had been a lodger at the house and had been standing at the gate, "his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze".  Frank began to meet Eveline everyday outside the Stores where she worked, and would see her home.  He was a sailor, and would sing romantic songs to her and regale her with "tales of distant countries".

When Eveline's father found out about the courtship, he had forbidden his daughter to have anything to say to her beau, noting cruelly and insinuatingly, "I know these sailor chaps".  One day, he actually had a quarrel with Frank, and after that, Eveline "had to meet her lover secretly".  It is significant that the sheltered young girl had the courage to defy her father to continue to see the man she loved; she was raised to be so dutiful and obedient that to continue the affair as she did must have taken a great deal of fortitude.  In the end, however, Eveline cannot find the strength to change her life and take control of her own destiny.  She stands frozen and helpless on the dock as the boat which was to have taken her and Frank to a new land and a new life sails away, ultimately unable to take the steps to sever the ties that bind her.

Comment on the use of Salinger's symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye.

A very important symbol that Salinger uses in this famous text is the Museum of Natural History. Salinger uses this symbol to establish central truths about the character of Holden. One of the interesting things about him is his self-confessed love of the mummies at the museum. All of the displays, but of course especially the mummies, represent the kind of frozen immobility that appeals to Holden. They, unlike himself, don't change, and they can be counted upon to stay the same. Note what he says about how he likes to look at the mummy exhibition:

I sort of liked it, in a way. It was so nice and peaceful.

Holden desires a world that represents frozen time, that is resistant to the forces of change, and which is immune to the chaotic changes that life forces on people. He is somebody that is bewildered by his brother's death, somebody who hates conflict and somebody who finds change very difficult to manage. As a result, the museum is somewhere that he likes.

Can anyone give me the brief summary on any three poems by Sarojini Naidu?i am in search of summairies of any of the poems ny sarojini naidu...

One of Naidu's most reflective poems would be "The Soul's Prayer."  The poem is essentially about an exploration about the nature of existence and the presence of divinity.  In it, Naidu explores the duality of joy and pain, suffering and happiness, life and death.  She presents the child- like inquiry as something that allows for a sense of great analysis, and represents the childish musings as something that represents the greatest of complexity and thought.  At the same time, she also presents a face of the divine, who answers such a fervent questioning.  In this vein, one can see Naidu's extreme level of skill in assuming the personas of both questioner and answerer.

How does suicide affect the characters in Hamlet and their lives/actions? Use 5 excerpts from the play to support your answer.

Suicide affects the characters in many ways, although there is only one character whom it is agreed actually commits suicide: Ophelia. Of course, there is some question as to whether Gertrude knew the wine in the goblet was poisoned, and since Ophelia was in such a fragile state of mind, there's even a possibility that she didn't really commit suicide. Hamlet is a play of questions, and often, we come away with even more after reading. Let's begin with Ophelia though. Her death affects many characters, most strikingly her brother Laertes and Hamlet. When Gertrude enters with the news, Laertes is struck immediately.

Too much of water hast thou, poor Ophelia,
And therefore I forbid my tears; but yet
It is our trick; nature her custom holds,
Let shame say what it will. When these are gone,
The woman will be out. Adieu, my lord.(205)
I have a speech of fire, that fain would blaze
But that this folly drowns it.

So he refuses to cry, saying that Ophelia has had too much water already, & also saying that tears are womanly. He leaves in a distraught state, & Claudius is worried about him. Later, Laertes is upset to learn that because she killed herself, she won't receive a full ceremony. The priest says that ordinarily, she would be laid in unsanctified ground and would have glass and stones thrown at her. It is only due to her status that she is allowed any rites at all. Laertes responds, "Must there no more be done?" & the priest tells him that they would be doing a disservice to the dead to allow anything more. When Hamlet finds out that it is Ophelia being buried, He is as upset as Laertes, saying

I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers
Could not, with all their quantity of love,
Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her?

This leads to a graveside fight (some productions stage it as actually in the grave). This fight ultimately leads to the duel between Hamlet and Laertes, and the death of both characters.

Now, even though Ophelia is the character whose suicide is established, Hamlet ponders the concept in more than one soliloquy. In fact, it is those thoughts on life and death that guide his actions throughout the play. His first soliloquy, in Act I, scene 2 introduces this idea.

O, that this too too sullied flesh would melt,
Thaw and resolve itself into a dew,
Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd
His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!

So, almost from the first moment we meet him, he is wishing for death. Yet it is a passive kind of wishing, from which nothing will really come. He returns to this idea in his most famous soliloquy, asking "To be or not to be." Again, he is questioning what is right: to be alive, or not to be alive.
Hamlet's notorious inaction is a direct result of this question, which becomes his central notion of being. Thus, although only one character commits suicide, the idea is a central motif in the play.

Why does Grendel believe Hrothgar’s dream (that he could one day pass his kingdom on to his sons and his sons’ sons) is doomed in Grendel?

In Gardner's Grendel, Grendel knows, or at least strongly suspects, that Hrothgar's children will never rule his kingdom.  He knows that Hrothulf will kill Hrothgar's children as soon as Hrothgar dies.

Grendel writes that Hrothulf, at age fourteen and recently arrived at Hart due to his father's death, is already a "pretender":  a pretender to the throne.  Grendel writes that Hrothulf sits between Hrothgar's children and sharpens his knife.  Grendel tells of Hrothulf's conversations with his tutor, in which Hrothulf displays Machiavellian tendencies to power. 

Grendel has seen enough of humans to know that Hrothulf will eliminate Hrothgar's children, since they are in line to inherit the fiefdom before him.  Son of Hrothgar's younger brother, Halga the Good, Hrothulf will seize power the first chance he gets. 

Why did the community make the distinction between "selection" for Receiver of Memory and "Assignment" for all other occupations in The Giver?

"Assignment" is a common and relatively simple process in the society.  At the age of twelve, every citizen is "Assigned" to a job they will do for the good of the community.  Children are carefully observed during their formative years, and based upon the talents and interests they demonstrate, a Committee chooses a job that seems best to suit their  inclinations.  Although every effort is made to make "Assignments" correctly, they are not set in stone once given.  At the Ceremonies, the Chief Elder explains,

"Sometimes...we are not entirely certain about the Assignments, even after the most painstaking observations...so we continue to observe during training, and to modify...when necessary".

"Selection" is a whole different thing.  There is only one Receiver of Memory in the community, and when it is time for him to be replaced, his successor is "Selected", not assigned.  A "Selection", in the words of the Chief Elder, "is very, very rare".  The person who is "Selected" must have uniquely specific but almost intangible qualities which appear in the population very infrequently; this person must have the capacity "to see beyond".  It would not be too far-fetched to say that in seeking to identify the next Receiver-in-Training, the Committee is looking for a progidy.  Once the Receiver-in-Training is "Selected", there is no chance to rectify the decision; his behavior cannot be observed or re-evaluated, and there is no going back.  If the Committee is incorrect in its "Selection", the repercussions are grave for the entire community (Chapter 7).

Can you explain Piggy's death?

Ralph and Piggy have a meeting,they're furious that Jack stole Piggy's glasses which they needed to attract help through fire so Piggy wants them back and they decide to set out for Jack's camp with the conch where they have an argument with Jack about the glasses because Piggy calls Jack's followers childish savages and makes them angry - one, Roger, dislodges a huge boulder which hits Piggy and he falls off the cliff and dies.

I have included a link to Piggy's character for you below - in case you wanted to research his personality and death/murder in more than one hundred and ten words. Precis is a great skill to learn but you need to learn which elelments are relevant enough to keep in and which to leave out. For example I have omitted that Samneric were at Ralph's meeting to save characters!

What lessons does Scout learn from the school yard in To Kill a Mockingbird?

    Like in the real world, the Maycomb schoolyard in Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, is a hotbed of juvenile gossip and life experience. In Chapter 3, Scout exercises her tomboy and fighting skills. She bests young Walter Cunningham and then discovers that he is the son of Atticus' client by the same name; afterwards, she takes him home for lunch and learns more about the other side of Maycomb life in Old Sarum. Walter also divulges a new tale about Boo, who supposedly "pizened" pecans from the Radley tree and tossed them into the schoolyard to the unsuspecting children. In Chapter 9, Scout restrains herself from battling Cecil Jacobs, who claims that her father "defended niggers."  Atticus later explains why his conscience would have bothered him if he had not decided to defend Tom Robinson.

What are the tricks that help to maintain a healthy winter skin?

For many people cold days have the quite unpleasant effect on skin, which is showing in this way : appear dry hands, face and legs. Felt by some as a tight feeling in the skin, sometimes dry skin can cause cracking and events such as skin rashes or eczema. The sensation of dryness is accentuated whenever we enter a heated room.

Tricks to treat dry skin throughout the winter!

Skin hydration

It is possible to have a moisturizer that is precisely during the spring or summer. But as the seasons change, and our skin needs to change. Winter is appropriate to use a moisturizer with a fatty consistency, oil-based rather than a water-based, because oil will produce a protective film which hold moisture in the skin, this does not happen when we use creams with fine texture or lotions.

But we must be alert to the type of oil content moisturizer, because not all can be beneficial to the skin. Very useful are oils of almond, the minerals, avocado oil or Primula. Should pay attention to this issue, because other oils may have an undesirable effect of occlusion of facial pores.

It also indicated, and products containing wetted, a class of substances that draw moisture from the environment and set the water to the skin. These substances are glycerol, sorbitol and alpha-hydroxy acids.

Use protective creams

 PhotoCream - Solar protection screen - not to be used only in summer, in winter, sunlight in combination with the one reflected by the snow can affect the skin equally. Therefore it is appropriate to apply a protective cream on the face and the hands (when not wearing gloves ) 30 minutes before going outside the house. If we spend more time outdoors, applications must be renewed every two hours.

Pay attention to your hands!

Top Hands skin is thinner than that of many other areas of the body, and has fewer sebaceous glands, which means that at this level hydration is always poor, and this aspect is accentuated particularly in air cool and dry. Thus, small cracks may appear in the skin, irritation or itching.When you step out in the open, you should wear gloves, if they are to from wool is well to wear inside a thin cotton glove to prevent the appearance of irritation that can be caused by wool.Avoid wet gloves or socks !Wet socks or gloves can cause skin irritation, cracking, pain or even the appearance of eczema, very difficult to treat.

Avoid dry air in the room

In most rooms, heated winter air is dry, so it is recommended using a humidifier or vaporizer to increase air humidity, so the skin does not have to suffer. It is advisable to have a humidifier in each room to ensure an equal distribution of moisture in the air.

Hydration not limited to the skin

Even if we grant enough attention to skin hydration,we should not be overlooked that it is indicated to drink plenty of fluids.

Both under perfect competition and monopoly equilibrium output is determined at a point where MR=MC then where lies the difference?

In monopolistic competition the demand curve for the whole market and for the monopolistic firm is same. That is the demand curve for the firm is also downward sloping. In comparison in perfect competition the demand curve for the firm is a straight line.

Thus a monopolistic firm has to reduce its price to increase its sale. This means that at any time the marginal revenue is less than the price level essential for selling the increased sale. Thus marginal revenue for a monopolistic firm is always less than price. In contrast the marginal revenue for a firm is always same as the market equilibrium price which remains constant irrespective the quantity sold.

Both monopolistic firm and a firm in a perfectly competitive market maximize their profit by selling a quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. But for this marginal revenue and marginal cost is lower than the market price. This point is reached for a quantity that is less than the quantity corresponding to lowest average cost. In perfect competition, the the quantity sold by each firm also corresponds to its lowest average cost.

Thus a monopoly firm increases its profit by producing and selling at a level which is lower than the quantity corresponding to most efficient production. In contrast, every firm in a competitive market produces and sells a quantity that enables it to produce most efficiently with lowest average cost.

What is the impact of food additives?

Disguised in all sorts of packaging and attractive advertisements, in pastel colors and aggressive - tasty scents , chemicalized nutrition  entered in the existence of each of us. Overwhelming majority of people already adopted,  willingly or by necessity, this type of food, since the adverse effects are not seen even after one month or one year, but after long periods of time.

Whatever the constraints, food safety must remain the primary objective of a civilized society. In our every day food  are hidden hazards, including a number of those substances with or without nutritional value, to be used in the preparation of food to improve their quality or to allow the application of advanced processing,food additives.
Some food additives are derived from natural sources - examples: soybean, maize, beet red, others are obtained by chemical synthesis.
The presence of food additives in processed food composition - whether natural or synthetic - is subject to existing legislation, which establishes the amounts allowed under safety rules. In the international list,additives are classified into 25 specific categories and they are specifically numbered.1. Dyes
2. Preservatives
3. Antioxidants
4. Emulsifiers
5. Emulsifying salts
6. Fattening agents
7. Agents, thickeners
8. Stabilizers
9. Agents taste
10. Acidifying
11. Acidity and pH
12. Anti-caking agents
13. Modified starch
14. Sweeteners
15. Substances raising
16. Anti-foaming
17. Surface and bleaching agents
18. Flour treatment agents
19. Hardener
20. *******
21. Arrested
22. Enzymes
23. Filling agents
24. Gas engines
25. Other categories

Description of some of them:

Buffer substances - used for pH adjustment and maintenance of specific food.

Anti-foaming agents - reduce or limit foaming.

Emulsifiers - substances that make it possible to form and maintain a homogenous mixture. Bread and bakery products contain emulsifiers to maintain freshness and that the dough can be processed under conditions of mass production. They are also used in ice cream, cake, cream, sauces, cheese feta. Thickeners - give food texture through formation of a gel,enhance viscosity.

Stabilizers - keep physicochemical properties.

What are some good points for an essay about the conflict in the story "Lady or the Tiger?"

Before you can begin to write your essay, you will, of course, have to have a good idea of what the conflict of the story "Lady or the Tiger" is.  On the surface, the story is about the conflict of the man vs. nature...that is the most powerful of the images (what could be worse than seeing the man ripped to pieces by a murderous tiger?)  But that's sort of a "side conflict."

The real conflict, the heart of the story, is the conflict within the princess (woman vs. herself.)  Which has she chosen?  Notice the way that the author makes a point of saying that she and her dad are "semi-barbarians."  This is an important point.  It goes to say that no matter how civilized they dress or act (in some situations,) at their hearts is a raw, uncivilized streak. That is the nature the woman is at war with.  Her civilized, "higher" nature should have her telling the man to open the door with the woman behind it.  After all, if you love someone, how could you send them to their bloody death?

Of course, this is in contrast with her "lower" nature, the part that is a remnant of her fathers barbaric past.  She hates the woman who is behind the door and can't stand the idea of "her" lover being married to that witch.  It's sort of a case of "if I can't have him, no-one can."

The answer is not clear.  If one of her "natures" was far more powerful than the other than the princess wouldn't have made her decision: "after days and nights of anguished deliberation." Her two sides were warring against each other, showing how undecided she was.

That, in a nutshell, is the conflict of this story. Good luck with your essay!

What is the definition of Media Literacy and the importance of it?

Media literacy refers to the development of skills and  knowledge required in the area of broadcast video production, sound editing, movie editing, and all forms  of web-based journalism, entertainment, and communication.  There are a number of technologies and applications that allow media professionals - journalists, videographers, recording artists, producers and directors, etc. - to communicate via different types of media (television, streaming video, recorded video, computer-based tutorials, audio tapes, CDs, DVDs, etc.). Industrial standard applications include Apple Inc.'s FinalCut Pro, which is used for digital video production and editing (many movies and other video-based broadcast content is edited using this software). Another industry standard is ProTools, a sound editing software application by DigiDesign which is used by almost every professional recording artist/studio/producer making music today.  There are others by Adobe (PhotoShop, Illustrator) that are commonly used in on-line communication, as the transition from hard-copy journalism makes its way to digital, or virtual, journalism. These are sophisticated software applications that usually require specific training to master and use on a day-to-day basis in a media-related industry.  Think of watching an NBA basketball game on TV, and the instant replay.  Think about the technology that is required to not only capture the play in live action and high definition (camera, digital information storage system - certainly not video tape) and the means to instantly record, edit, and replay that content.  The people who know how to use the tools that make this type of experience possible are media literate, and the use of these and other high-tech tools is media literacy.

Explain Emerson's quote, "For nonconformity the world...a sour face," and say if the world still punishes nonconformity.

Emerson means that people punish the nonconformist but it doesn't matter because the self-reliant person should stand up against public opinion. He says:

For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure. And therefore a man must know how to estimate a sour face. The by-standers look askance on him in the public street or in the friend’s parlour. If this aversation had its origin in contempt and resistance like his own, he might well go home with a sad countenance; but the sour faces of the multitude, like their sweet faces, have no deep cause, but are put on and off as the wind blows and a newspaper directs.

He is saying that the people's sour faces or sweet faces have no real meaning because they come and go like the wind. It is so true. Public opinion is fickle or arbitrary.

Emerson would say it is better to be true to yourself and forget what people think or how they react.

Describe Dill's relationship with his father.

Dill's relationship with his parents is complicated. While never directly stated, there is the suggestion of divorce and possible boyfriends. Of course, with Dill's overactive imagination, one can not be quite sure where reality begins and ends in his tales. It could be that his father is very much a part of his life- just a part Dill wants to forget.

Every time Dill comes to visit, he claims to have a new father. His fathers' occupations include everything from  "a lawyer like Atticus, but much younger" to the "president of the L&N railroad." He does state at one point that his father is not around, and so he may deal with his issues of abandonment and neglect through fantasies. When he runs away to Finches, just before the trial begins, he says he had "been bound in chains and left to die in the basement...by his new father, who disliked him". Later he admits he simply ran away. Whatever the situation, it is clear Dill's real father is not providing his son with the care and love he needs.

What instances in "To Kill a Mockingbird" do people show inequality towards boo Radley?

We first see Boo introduced in chapter 1. Boo is described as a "malevolent phantom". To the children, he was the creepy guy on the street that everyone avoided. Tales start to circulate around the misunderstood Boo. "People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people's azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events: people's chickens and household pets were found mutilated; although the culprit was Crazy Addie, who eventually drowned himself in Barker's Eddy, people still looked at the Radley Place, unwilling to discard their initial suspicions." The inequality showed to Boo Radley was based on assumptions and projections. The people of Maycomb never tried to understand him and therefore, because he was misunderstood, he was treated inequitably. We see this later on with the treatment of Tom Robinson, another one of the novel's "Mockingbirds".

Explain the role of ethics in entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurs are people who start new business activities. Being a successful entrepreneurship requires many different capabilities such as initiative, foresight and judgement, willingness to take risk. It also requires a strong motivation to achieve ones goals in life. Frequently, for business entrepreneurs, these goals may be center around making profit and amassing wealth. Unfortunately, high ethical standards is not a very important requirement for becoming a successful entrepreneurs.

I must make it clear that I am not accusing entrepreneurs of having low ethical standards. Rather I am of the belief that the best and most successful entrepreneurs also have very high ethical standards. But frequently it is found that, many people with not so high ethical standards succeed fairly well as business entrepreneurs.

But looking at this issue from another angle, success in true business is not possible without delivering value to ones customers. I have used the phrase 'true business' to distinguish it from fraudulent, pseudo business activities and practices such as ponzi schemes, and insider trading in stocks.

Thus some sense of serving the customer is implicit in all successful business entrepreneurs. And to that extent they need to have some minimum ethical standard. Good ethical behavior also helps entrepreneurs to develop good reputation during the initial period of business establishment and thus obtain support of suppliers, employees and other people in position to help. A reputation for meeting one's commitment also help entrepreneurs to win customer. While an entrepreneur may or may not have very high ethical standards, a bad reputation for ethical behavior is definitely poison for an entrepreneur trying to establish a new business.

In Shakespeare's play Much Ado About Nothing, how do characters view Claudio?Is Claudio young and naive or is he a deeper person?

Leonato says he is an honorable soldier: "I find here that Don Peter hath bestowed much honour on a young Florentine called Claudio."

The messenger calls him noble: "He is most in the company of the right noble Claudio."

Beatrice likewise: "God help the noble Claudio! if he have caught the Benedick, it will cost him a thousand pound ere a' be cured."

Benedick calls him sad, not manly for wanting to be a husband: "But speak you this with a sad brow? ...Come, in what key shall a man take you, to go in the song?...But I hope you have no intent to turn husband, have you?"

Don Pedro calls him a lover: "Thou wilt be like a lover presently / And tire the hearer with a book of words."

Don John is obviously jealous of Claudio.  He gives him mock praise: "Who? the most exquisite Claudio?"

Beatrice calls him jealous, after he thinks Don Pedro has wooed Hero is his own name: "The count is neither sad, nor sick, nor merry, nor well; but civil count, civil as an orange, and something of that jealous complexion."

Borachio says this of the Count: "spare not to tell him that he hath wronged his honour in marrying the renownedClaudio--whose estimation do you mightily hold up--to a contaminated stale, such a one as Hero."

In his soliloquy, Benedick says: "I do much wonder that one man, seeing how much another man is a fool when he dedicates his behaviors to love, will, after he hath laughed at such shallow follies in others, become the argument of his own scorn by failing in love: and such a man is Claudio."

Leonato calls him a liar after Claudio calls Hero wanton: "Would the two princes lie, and Claudio lie,"..."Know, Claudio, to thy head, Thou hast so wrong'd mine innocent child and me That I am forced to lay my reverence by And, with grey hairs and bruise of many days, Do challenge thee to trial of a man."

On behalf of Beatrice, Benedick challenges Claudio: "You are a villain; I jest not: I will make it good how you dare, with what you dare, and when you dare. Do me right, or I will protest your cowardice. You have killed a sweet lady, and her death shall fall heavy on you. Let me hear from you."

What are the impressionistic images in "Araby" by James Joyce?

In his exposition to "Araby," James Joyce plays with light and shadow and color in his description of the boy's neighborhood:

When the short days of winter came dushk gell before we had well eaten our dinners.  When we met in the street the houses had grown sombre.  The space of sky above us was the colour of ever-changing violet and towards it the lamps of the street lifted their feeble lanterns.  The cold air stung us and we played till our bodies glowed.  Our shouts echoed in the silent street. The career of our play brought us through the dark muddy lanes behind the houses where we ran the gantlet of the rough tribes from the cottages, to the back doors of the dark dripping gardens where odours arose from the ashpits, to the dark odorous stables where a coachman smoothed and combed the horse of shook music from the buckled harness....

In his/her mind, the reader feels and hears and sees sounds and shadows of the dreary, petty existence of the boy and his neighbors through running, impressionistic description created by Joyce's use of imagery with no punctuation to slow it down.

Later, as the boy romantically imagines himself carrying "the chalice," the Holy Grail "through a throng of foes" to his fair maiden, more impressions are created.  The reader can "see" him jostled by drunken men in the flaring streets, hear the cursing of laborers, the street-singers chanting as his body is "like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires." 

Joyce's use of light/dark imagery is present in his description of one dark, rainy evening on which the boy goes into the badk room where the priest had died.  With "incessant needles of rain [that] impinge upon the earth" he presses his palms together like Romeo and utters, "O love! O love!"  However, his romantic inclinations are shattered when the girl, wearing a silver bracelet--indicating the mundacity of the reality of the situation--tells him she cannot go the the bazaar.  Thus, the dark, shadowy images have foreshadowed the boy's disappointment; later, he continues to look at "the dark house," seeing nothing but the "brown-clad figure cast by [his] imagination."  All the brief reflections of light and beauty have been ephemeral and the reader is left with the sombre overlay of feeling in the boy as he gazes "up into the darkness" with eyes burning from "anguish and anger."

Why is Act 1, Scene 5 important to the play?

This scene is of great significance in the play

Firstly:Romeo and Juliet declare their love for each other. He abandons his former adolescent and unrequited love for Rosaline and falls deeply and passionatly in love with Juliet. Before Romeo met Juliet he was in a very meloncholic and depressed mood. Romeo feels as if he has never truly loved anyone till now. It is as if Romeo has just come back to life. Juliet falls in love for the first time and reacts affectionatly an sincerly to Romeos attempts to woo her. Romeos love is extravagant , idealistic and romantic. He uses religious an poetic language in wooing Juliet. He woos Juliet by acting the part of a pligrim at a shrine of a saint and asking her premmision to kiss her. Romeo and Juliet have found a love more wonderful than they expected and their love for each other is just as strong and absolute as the other's but the effects of their passion on each differ.

Secondly:When Juliet discovers that Romeo is a Montague, her happiness in her new found love is shattered. Because of this Juliet feels as if tragic consequences ar in place for them in the future. When Tybalt recongnises Romeo as a Montague he feels insulted and Tybalt attempts to revive the fued by challenging Romeo to fight. Tybalts vows revenge on Romeo for this insult and an outbreak of old rivalries threatens Romeo's new-found love. Thus we are prepared for a crisis since love and hate, peace and volience vie for supremacy in this scene.

*sorrry, i didnt put in any qoutes. :)

What are the rules of use in "The Bottle Imp"?

When Keawe discovers the bottle imp, he is of course confused by the way in which the man that has such a treasure could look so unhappy. As he chats to the man about the bottle imp, the man tells him the rules of its use which of course explain why he looks so despondent. Note how he explains what the bottle can do:

"An imp lives in it, and that is the shadow we behold there moving: or so I suppose. If any man buy this bottle the imp is at his command; all that he desires--love, fame, money, houses like this house, ay, or a city like this city--all are his at the word uttered."

There are, as always in such cases, certain drawbacks to the possession of this bottle, however. Firstly, the imp cannot prolong life, and secondly, if a man dies before he sells the bottle imp on to another person, he "must burn in hell forever." Thus, as long as you can buy the bottle for a price that is less for which it was bought, and then can sell it, again for a price that is lower than what you paid for it, and do not die before you do this, you are safe.

How many poems did William Shakespeare write?

Shakespeare’s surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems embedded into the plays themselves.

According to tradition, Shakespeare wrote his two long narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and Lucrece, in 1592-94, during a period of forced unemployment when an outbreak of the plague closed London’s theaters. The poems were published, respectively, in 1593 and 1594.

Shakespeare’s famous sonnets and another fairly lengthy poem, The Phoenix and Turtle, are believed to have been written early in his career. They were published some years later, perhaps without his permission. The first 17 sonnets advise a beautiful young man to marry and produce a child. The next 109 sonnets prounounce the poet’s love for this young man and claim that the poems will preserve the young man’s beauty. The sequence concludes with 28 sonnets to or about a "dark lady."

Scholars disagree about whether to attribute another poem, A Lover's Complaint, to Shakespeare.

Scholars generally agree that Shakespeare wrote thirty eight plays, although recent claims have been made for King Edward III and some scholars would include part of Sir Thomas More. Another play, Cardenio, has not survived.

Interestingly, Shakespeare’s complete works – including both his poems and plays – consist of 884,647 words and 118,406 lines.

Muse Of history. Why does Walcott argue that there is no forgiveness or pardon to offer the past?How can one give "strange and bitter and yet...

As someone from the Caribbean who studies Walcott at the University level, I can tell you that Walcott is saying that for those of us in the Caribbbean, In the Antilles, the past is something to build on. The past is bitter in that slavery and indentureshio and what-not was horrific and traumatizing to both slaves and slave masters - to both Europeans and those whom they subordinated and brutalized. The past is a bittersweet thing for Caribbean peoples because had it not been for the event of New World building, for the process of Creolization in the Caribbean, its inhabitants would still be living in Africa, Asia, Europe ect. And if you ask any Caribbean person, most (not all) would say that they are thankful that they live here and not in the land of their ancestors. Walcott himself, being half 'black' and half 'white' is the epitome of this bittersweet taste of history. Had it not been for thise struggles, he would not exist.

Enobling thanks - the Europeans gave those in the Caribbean something to build on. That is, its literature. Walcott uses Classical lit to subvert imperialism. You sould read his other essays and "the Prodogal" for clarification.

There is no forgivness or pardon for the past - He os not saying this. Instead, he says that to fix your gaze on the past, expecting and waiting for that forgiveness is to live in stasis. That is what he means by 'Medusa of History'. The Greek myth has it that who looks at the Medusa would turn forever to stone. Who looks upon and contemplates History for too long is turned into a stasis state from which there is no escape, no progress. Walcott says EMBRACE the AMNESIA of history; emprace the fragments of our epic memory and build on it because history is not a myth. We can't make stories out of it and perpetuate thise stories as real. The simple truth is that on the crossing from the old and into the New World, somethings were forgotten. MEMORY is not wholly reliable and that is all those who have crossed over, have to offer their decendents.

What did Zero tell Mr. Pendanski that he likes to do in Sachar's Holes?

Zero (Hector Zeroni) told the boys' supervisor Mr. Pendanski that he liked to dig holes.  This is ironic because digging holes all day long in a parched, desertic land in the middle of nowhere (ironically called 'Camp Green Lake') is more of a punishment than anything else (although Mr Pendanski tires to convince the boys that it "builds character").

Zero and Stanley Yelnats become best friends at this "reform camp" and strike a deal that if Stanley teaches Zero to read, Zero will help Stanley dig his daily hole. This they do, but that Hector learning how to read is not all that happens as a result.  To find out the big surprise, read this delightful book. It is not only great fun but raises a lot of important issues as well. (There is a film out, too, if you want to take a shortcut.)

THE AVERAGE VARIABLE COST CURVE AND THE AVERAGE TOTAL COST GET CLOSER TO EACH AS OUTPUT INCREASES.WHAT EXPLAINS THIS?

To start with, you must remember that the average total cost is made up of the average variable cost and the average fixed cost.  Variable costs are those that vary with the amount produced (for example, the cotton that goes into t-shirts) while fixed costs remain the same no matter how many are produced (for example, the sewing machines or the building in which they are produced).

When you are only producing a few t-shirts, for example, the fixed costs make up most of the average total cost.  You've paid a lot for the machines and the building, but you're only making a few shirts so you don't have to pay much for the cotton.

But now you start working at 100% capacity.  You're buying lots of cotton and paying your workers lots of money.  But the fixed costs have remained the same.  Because of that, the variable costs are coming to be a much greater part of your total costs.

So -- this happens because as you make more of a product your fixed costs become lower in comparison to your variable costs.

Some individuals decry the decline of the small family farm and its replacement with the huge corporate megafarm.Discuss the possibility that...

It would be more appropriate to say that small family farms were replaced by corporate megafarms because of economies of scale offered by modern farming technology. It should be noted such economies of scale in farming was not available prior to development of modern farming technology which utilized big and expensive farming equipments.

Prior to development of such equipments the productivity and costs of small and big farms was same. If the farm size doubled, all the inputs required for farming including the cost of buying simple implements used in the farming also doubled. The area of land that could be tilled and harvested from a set of tools required was typically less than the holdings of a small family owned farm.

However when sophisticated farming equipments were developed, not every farmer had the financial resource to buy these equipments. Further, people who started using these equipments found that, with these equipment they can farm much bigger areas that they were doing earlier with same equipment and with marginal increase in labour cost. With this started the process of farmers trying to increase the size of their holdings, which then led to development of mega farms.

Once these farms were big enough they were able to derive additional benefits because of their ability to negotiate better rice for the farming inputs like seeds and fertilizers they used.

However I am not so sure about the extent to which big farms enjoy an advantage over smaller farms for multiple cropping.

Why is the book called "Call It Courage?"

The book is called "Call It Courage" because courage is what the main character, Mafatu, has to develop.

In the beginning, he is afraid of the ocean, which is a big problem for someone growing up in his society.  So finally he gets up the courage to go out in a canoe to the other island.

While he is there, he does all sort of things (like fighting with the shark, the octopus, and the wild boar) that force him to gain confidence and courage.  This is especially true when he has to deal with the cannibals.

So it is called that because Mafatu is gaining courage through all his experiences.

Who is the protagonist in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" by Arthur Conan Doyle?

A case could be made that it is Dr. Roylott who is the protagonist in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band." That would make Sherlock Holmes the antagonist in the drama. Here is a definition of the term "protagonist" by Lajos Egri in his invaluable book The Art of Dramatic Writing. 

The pivotal character is the protagonist. According to Webster’s dictionary, the protagonist is “one who takes the lead in any movement or cause.”

Anyone who opposes the protagonist is an opponent or antagonist.

As we see, a pivotal character never becomes a pivotal character because he wants to. He is really forced by circumstances within him and outside of him to become what he is.

The protagonist is the character who starts the action, who makes the story happen, and who is mainly responsible for its continuation. Dr. Roylott started the whole story two years earlier when he killed Julia. We do not know that for sure, but it is not necessary to know the identity of a protagonist immediately or to know his motive. For example, there are many movies and television shows in which someone is committing a series of murders. No one knows who he is or why he is doing it, but that person is the protagonist and the investigator's problem is to expose him. As another example, in "The Hound of the Baskervilles" it is Mr. Stapleton who owns the hound and plans to murder Sir Henry Baskerville, but nobody knows that until near the end of the long story. 

If Dr. Roylott had only murdered Julia and had never given Helen cause to fear for her own life, then Dr. Roylott would not be the protagonist. But he now wants to kill Helen for the same reason he killed Julia. Helen wants to get married and Roylott will be forced to pay her one-third of his annual income. According to Egri, "a pivotal character never becomes a pivotal character because he wants to. He is really forced by circumstances within him and outside of him to become what he is." Dr. Roylott is being forced to try to murder Helen because Helen is engaged to be married. His income has already shrunk drastically. His big house is heavily mortgaged. He would be ruined if he had to pay Helen 250 pounds a year out of his total annual income of 750 pounds. He murdered Julia for the same reason he intends to murder Helen. 

Arthur Conan Doyle introduces Dr. Roylott early in the story by having this violent man come directly to Baker Street and threaten Sherlock Holmes. His intrusion and his threats of bodily harm are proof of his strong motivation. He undoubtedly knows that Holmes suspects him of killing Julia as well as of having sinister plans against Helen, but Roylott is half insane and doesn't care what Holmes thinks as long as he can't prove it. And he hopes to keep Holmes from proving it by trying to frighten the detective into dropping out of the investigation and staying away from Stoke Moran. Holmes is a worthy antagonist to this protagonist. Holmes is working for Helen Stoner for nothing, but that doesn't stop him from pursuing his investigation until the problem created by Dr. Roylott is solved.

Why does Matt's father leave him alone in the wilderness in Sign of the Beaver?

Matt and his father had traveled to their holding in Maine territory to build a house and get some crops planted before bringing the rest of the family over.  Matt's mother is pregnant, and for her comfort and safety, she and Matt's younger sister stayed behind at their home in Massachusetts.  The plan is that when Matt and his father have prepared their holding so that the basic amenities of shelter and food would be available to them, Matt's father would journey back to Massachusetts to fetch the rest of the family and bring them to Maine.  It is calculated that the trip will take six or seven weeks to complete, and during that time, Matt will stay at the holding to care for the crops and protect what he and his father have built.

Matt is only twelve, going on thirteen, but he has been raised, like most children at that time, to be able to take on a great deal of responsibility.  He had "helped to build every inch" of the log house in which the family will live in Maine, and he is quite capable of fending for himself and taking care of the corn which the two have planted.  Still, it is a very large undertaking for a young boy to stay alone in the wilderness for so long a time.  Matt is proud but a little afraid, and his father is a bit reluctant, but knows there is no alternative.  Matt's father is secure in the knowledge that he has trained his son well, and has faith that Matt has the maturity and strength of character to follow through.  As a sign of the confidence he has in his son's ability to do this hard thing, Matt's father gives him his most valuable possession, an old watch which had been handed down to him from his own father.  He also leaves the boy another valuable item, his good rifle (Chapter 1).

Who or what is Dr. T.J. Eckleburg?

Literally, Dr. T. J. Eckleburg was an oculist in Queens, NY, according to chapter 2 of the book. The importance to the story is his old advertisement sign that resembled a large pair of round eye-glasses with eyes looking through them. The sign was adjacent to the Wilson's garage and apartment.  Of greater significance however, is the figurative purpose of the sign.  The sign represents moral judgement.  It is located at the juncture where West Egg and East Egg join the mainland in the desolate part of town referred to by Nick as "the valley of ashes".  It is the part of town where hopes and dreams went to die and it is the part of town where a great deal of immorality takes place in the story.  This is where Tom makes plans with Myrtle to meet in the city to carry on their illicit affair.  This is the part of town, too, where Myrtle is killed.  The eyes are like the eyes of God, passing judgement on all that goes on there.  When Daisy drives to Jay's house to meet with him to carry on their illicit affair, she, too, has to pass by those eyes.  A great deal of the story has to do with morality, or the lack of it, and how immorality brought down the American dream.  This billboard represents the judgement of all that immorality.

I have to create an epithet of my own, but I can't think of anything. Any suggestions?My class is reading excerpts of The Odyssey.

An epithet is a word (usually an adjective) that is used to describe or characterize a specific attribute of a person or thing. It is often considered to be an abusive or disparaging description (such as a racial epithet), although there are several allowable definitions for the term. It should positively express an imaginative and accurate view of the subject. An example is given below from Homer's The Iliad: 

Zeus-loved Achilles, you bid me explain
The wrath of far-smiting Apollo.

"Zeus-loved" describes Achilles, and "far-smiting" refers to Apollo.

As far as creating an epithet of your own, you might want to choose a character from The Odyssey, such as the Cyclops, and concentrate on creating an original descriptive term for it.

To what extent is The House on Mango Street a bildungsroman (coming of age story)?Bildungsroman is defined in this question as "the story of a...

Based on the definition provided of a bildungsroman, The House on Mango Street may be regarded as such because Esperanza embarks on a quest during which her character grows.  The novel, although several other characters' plights are described in the story, is a detailing of Esperanza's journey through her adolescent and teenage years growing up on Mango Street.  The path of her personal development must occur within the confines of her own moral reasoning, the confines of her family and their values, and the nature of the community of which she is a member.  Esperanza witnesses the tragedies of others in her neighborhood, and she eventually experiences tragedies of her own at the hands of men who enter her life.  Throughout this journey, Esperanza continually questions the reasons for the manner in which people treat others and the reasons why people treat her in particular ways.  Esperanza learns her talent for writing and decides to use this as a ticket off Mango Street and away from the degrading elements of her community.  By the end of the story, Esperanza has not fallen to these tragedies--she says that she will leave to better herself in order to come back to her community to help others get out of it.  Growing up on Mango Street has taught Esperanza valuable life lessons that she will use for her own good and the good of others.

What is the function of a pencil sharpener?An accurate description of what the object does or what it is used for!

A rather tricky question. We all know what a pencil sharpener, but when but when we try to describe the function of pencil sharpener beyond the three word description "to sharpen pencils", we need to be clear about three aspects of sharpening pencil - type of pencil, meaning of sharpening, and method of sharpening.

There are two broad type of pencils. One are the traditional pencils in which the lead of the pencil is permanently embedded in an outer layer of wood or some similar material. The other type of pencil is the mechanical or clutch pencil, in which the lead slides within a separate outer covering. The pencil sharpeners are used primarily for traditional pencils. Although it is interesting to note that sometimes, mechanical pencils with thicker leads also have small sharpener to sharpen just the lead.

A pencil not only sharpens the pencil lead, it also removes the layer material covering the lead, a small length at a time, to expose just a small part of the lead required for writing. It also sharpens the lead. The main purpose of sharpener is to remove the outer covering on the lead.

A pencil may be sharpened also by a pencil knife or some other sharp knife. Such tools do not qualify as pencil sharpener. A pencil sharpener, sharpens the pencil in a specific way. The pencil is rotated in relation to and in contact with cutting edge of the sharpener located in in such a way that the cutting edge shaves off material from one end of the pencil to form a conical shape. The apex of the cone thus formed is the sharpened end of the lead, surrounded by the outer covering towards base of the cone.

In the novel 1984 what three important items of information do we learn in the second paragraph about the society in which Winston lives?

First, we learn that the society struggles economically.  The fact that Winston lives in an apartment building that smells badly of food associated with the poor (boiled cabbage) and mats made from left over items (rag mats) tells us that economic conditions are not good.  Also, the elevator, we are told, seldom worked even in the best of times.  The power, however, was currently cut to preserve energy being saved for a government event.  That tells us that the government holds great control over the citizens if it can determine that an elevator is unnecessary, but its celebration of something it deems important is necessary.  Obviously, there is little regard for the citizenry.  Then, we realize that the government not only controls how much electricity the people may use, but it reminds people that they are being watched.  In every one of the 7 landings Winston must pass in order to get to his apartment, there is a large poster displaying the face of "Big Brother" with the words beneath, "Big Brother is watching you!".  This clearly is meant to manipulate the people by making them paranoid and fearful.

In "By the Waters of Babylon" what is the significance of the journey to John and his people?

On his journey, John makes the highly significant discovery that the Place of the Gods was just a city, and that the Gods themselves weren't actually gods; in fact, they were men, just like himself and his people.  This shatters all of the myths, taboos, and many cultural beliefs of his people.  A lot of their existence centers around those mythical "gods" and the strict rules concerning their dead places and the great burning.  John realizes, on his journey, the significance of this discovery.  He states, "It is a great knowledge, hard to tell and believe."  He also realizes while he was there that despite the "great magic" that these people had (all of the technology), it didn't keep them from total destruction.  This puzzles him, but after his father's wise advice, John realizes that perhaps it is because "they at knowledge too fast," which means that they used advancements but left behind the wisdom necessary to wisely use those advancements.

John, through the advice of his father, decides to relate the truth of the situation to them a bit at a time, slowly, so that they can fully understand it, and use it well before learning more.  They start with gathering books and learning from them, and he hopes that as they do this, they can "make a beginning."

John's journey leads to incredible discoveries that will change the lives of his people forever, hopefully for the better as they learn from the mistakes of the past.  I hope that those thoughts help a bit; good luck!

What themes are present in The Crucible by Arthur Miller that make it a universal and enduring play?What themes make it so the play relates to...

Where to begin for this one?  It is so difficult for me to narrow down the greatness of Miller's work to a handful of resonant themes, but for sake of space, I have to do so.  The most reverberating theme of Miller's work, in my opinion, is the idea that political structures without institutional checks can prove to be disastrous.  One need only examine history to see such elements.  Most tyrannies which have committed the greatest of injustices have done so because of the lack of checks and limitations.  Salem's theocracy is no different.  The empowerment of specific individuals over the presumption of innocence and the rights of the accused proves to be one of the legacies of the play.  No social and political order can survive effectively without some level of checks and balances, limitations and boundaries. Building off of this would be that if individuals do not take active and defiant roles against the abuses of power, things will only worsen.  Miller carves out his characters of John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, and Giles Corey as examples of moral fortitude and courage to assume active stances in defense of their own names in what is seen as right.  They have the opportunity to remain silent and sheepishly confess to sins that have not been done, but they don't.  These ordinary people become pillars of extraordinary moral fiber and prove to us that regardless of situation, everyone has some level of choice and power.  This becomes another powerful theme of the work.  The last theme which is timeless rests on the idea of exclusion and isolation, and the tyranny of the majority.  Miller's work speaks to the power of how individuals must always possess freedom.  The instances of social authority being wrong, of individuals succumbing to peer pressure, and the idea of the majority can become tyrannical proves the need for individuals to exercise voice and have their narratives heard and authenticated.  In any setting and time, this is compelling as it is testament to the endurance of the human spirit.

How do we know that Norway has stopped fighting with Denmark?

In Act I Sc.2 Claudius the newly crowned king of Denmark announces that Prince Fortinbras of Norway, without the knowledge of his uncle the sick and bed ridden king of Norway is planning to attack Denmark and retrieve the territories which his father the previous king of Norway had ceded legally to Hamlet's father before his death. Claudius dispatches two of  his ambassadors Voltimand and Cornelius with letters to meet the present bedridden King of Norway and request him to check young Fortinbras and prevent him from marching to war with Denmark:

we have here writ
To Norway, uncle of young Fortinbras,--
Who, impotent and bed-rid, scarcely hears
Of this his nephew's purpose,--to suppress
His further gait herein; in that the levies,
The lists and full proportions, are all made
Out of his subject: and we here dispatch
You, good Cornelius, and you, Voltimand,
For bearers of this greeting to old Norway;
Giving to you no further personal power
To business with the king, more than the scope
Of these delated articles allow.

In Act IV Sc.4 we read of the same prince of Norway young Fortinbras seeking permission from the present king of Denmark Claudius to march through Denmark with his army to fight a battle with Poland. This is proof enough that Claudius's letters to the old King Norway in Act I Sc.2 have had their desired effect and young Fortinbras has been prevented from reclaiming the territories his father had legally ceded to Hamlet's father:

Go, captain, from me greet the Danish king;
Tell him that, by his licence, Fortinbras
Craves the conveyance of a promised march
Over his kingdom.

If young Fortinbras still harbored hostile territorial ambitions against Denmark, then he certainly would not have 'greeted' Claudius 'craving' for 'licence,' that is, permission to march through Denmark to launch a military operation against Poland.

Thus the conflict between the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway which is mentioned in Act I Sc.2 has certainly been resolved by Act IV Sc.4.

What does Nick discover about Jordan Baker's character? How does he feel about her?Chapter 3

At this point in the work, Nick begins to discover more about Jordan, her disposition, and her emotional state.  Nick begins to understand more about Jordan and how she possess a dispassionate and dismissive emotional temperament.  It represents an early time in the work where Nick begins to recognize the phoniness and inauthenticity of the social setting that immerses all of the primary characters.  Notice the way Nick describes how Jordan touches his hand:  "She touched my hand impersonally, as a promise she'd take care of me in a minute."  It is interesting to sense such a hint about Jordan through Nick as an almost emotional foreshadowing of what is to come.  As she holds his hand, Jordan carries on an entire conversation about the golf tournament and dyed hair color, while keeping Nick waiting.  This is rather powerful given how she will appear later in the novel.  As they gossip about Gatsby and "how he killed a man," the reader perceives what Nick understands later on:  Jordan is a gossip, a part of the flapper culture whose primary motivation is the next party, the next item of salacious news, and whose state of being is predicated upon using individuals as means to ends and not ends in of themselves.  Throughout the party interaction, Fitzgerald shows Jordan to be a social butterfly, who is incapabale or unwilling to display any real emotions or valid sense of character.

A 23 kg child is riding a 5.5 kg bike with a velocity of 5.3 m/s to the northwest.What is the total momentum of the child and the bike together?...

Momentum is equal to mass multiplied by velocity.

Given:

Mass of child = 23 kg

Mass of bike = 5.5 kg

Common Velocity of child and bike = 5.3 m/s to northwest

Therefore: momentum of the child = (Mass of child)*Velocity

= 23*5.3 = 121.9 kg x m/s to northwest

And momentum of the bike = (Mass of bike)*Velocity = 5.5*5.3 = 29.15 kg x m/s to northwest

Momentum of bike and child = (Momentum of child) + (Momentum of bike)

= 121.9 + 29.15 = 151.05 kg x m/s to northwest

What are the representations of woman in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves?

Of the six main characters in The Waves, three are women: Susan, Rhoda, and Jinny, and each in a different way picture a different side of womanhood. Susan is the most "natural" of the three women. She comes from the country and only endures her years of education in order to return. She marries a farmer and becomes a mother, a role she seemed destined for from childhood.

Rhoda is quiet and dreamy, withdrawn from the reality of the world the others live in from early in her life. She is always a misfit, always trying not to be noticed, and yet she finds a romantic relationship in middle age with Louis. She is never quite happy with the role she plays, and eventually commits suicide.

Jinny is the most worldly of the three women. Her aim is always to be admired, to flit among the glamorous and to find not love, but lovers. She knows that her beauty and her power will burn out eventually, but she resists that future.

What is the formula for pressure?

Pressure (symbol: p) is the force applied per unit area,  in the direction perpendicular to that surface.

P=F/A, where, F is the normal force, A is the area.

Pressure is a scalar, which in IS is measured in pascals.

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

The pressure is transmitted to surrounding areas or sections of the field of fluid, in the normal direction at any point in these areas or sections.

It is a fundamental parameter in thermodynamics and is a joint variable to volume.

Characteristic Cases

Static pressure

Static pressure, usually denoted SP, is the inner pressure of a fluid which is measured with a device that moves with the same speed as the fluid. For example, to the walls of a pipeline is carried the static pressure of fluid flowing through it.

Dynamic Pressure

Dynamic pressure is the additional pressure of a fluid that would hit an area and would be forced to consume completely it's kinetic energy. It is expressed by the relation:

p dynamic= rho*(v^2/2)

where rho is fluid density in kg/m^3, v is velocity in m / s.

Stagnation pressure

Stagnation pressure is the pressure that would exert a fluid in motion if it were forced to stop. If a fluid moves faster, its stagnation pressure increases. Static pressure and stagnation pressure are related to Mach number of fluid. See also Bernoulli's equation, which however is  valid only for incompressible fluids.Pressure of a fluid in motion can be measured with a Pitot tube, connected to a manometer.

 Hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure due to the weight of a fluid.

p=rho*g*h

where:

ρ (rho) is density of the fluid (eg water density is almost 1000 kg/m3);

g is the acceleration due to gravity (conventional, 9.80665 m/s2 to the sea surface);

h is the height of column of liquid (in meters).

Pressure of explosion or deflagration

Explosion or deflagration pressures are created by igniting explosive gas, aerosol, suspension in closed or open spaces. These pressures propagate as a wave of shock.

Negative pressures

While pressures are generally positive, in some cases negative pressures are meet:

-When discussing the relative pressures. For example, an absolute pressure of 80 kPa may be expressed as a relative pressure of -21 kPa (ie 21 kPa under atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa). The technique is called "a depression of 21 kPa.

- When attractive forces (eg Van der Waals forces) between particles of fluid, exceeds the forces of rejection. This scenario, however, is unstable because the particles are closer and closer until rejection forces would balance the forces of attraction.

- Negative pressures occurring during plant transpiration.

-Casimir effect can create small forces of attraction by interacting with vacuum energy. Sometimes this is called 'vacuum pressure' (not to be confused with depression).

- Depending on the reference system to surface orientation, a positive pressure on one side of a surface can be considered negative on the other side of the area.

- In cosmology( dark energy, expansion of the universe).

What is one major part of Reconstruction legislation?

I would also add the revenge aspect of Reconstruction legislation.  Many Northerners wanted to punish the South before allowing them back into the Union.  There was quite a bit of debate/arguing over the ease vs. difficulty states should face in being restored their place in the U.S.

The amendments became a part of the punishment, but also the oaths taken by former soldiers would play a part in that as well, as well as legal action taken against political leaders, allowing former politicians back into office, etc.

What would be a good essay topic for the novel As I Lay Dying?

There are several detailed essay topics already available on e-notes: here are a few more -

1) Analyse the positive and negative effects of using multiple narrators to tell the story.

2) What does each character gain from the journey to lay Addie to rest? Which character gains the most?

3) How would key events in the novel differ if told from one perspective? Review a chosen section and re-tell in the third person. Present a commentary on your writing, highlighting the effects of objectivity and subjectivity on the events selected.

4) How would Cash choose to represent the final events of the novel?

5) Do you consider Darl to be sane or insane? Chart his emotional development/demise through the novel and reflect on his own viewpoint as well as that of other characters.

6) Write a continuance of the novel showing the reaction of one of the children to the 'new' Mrs Bundren. Try to emulate Faulkner's style as well as keeping the content plausible.

Metternich said, "When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold." What did he mean by these words? In your opinion,was he correct?

Metternich was an Austrian alive during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Era.  He would have been around to witness the revolution in France and its wide-reaching consequences, like involving his native Austria in a war to quell the rebellious revolutionaries and reinstate a monarch to the throne in France.  Once Napoleon took control of France with a coup d'Etat in 1799, Metternich witnessed Napoleon's attempt to create a French Empire that encompassed much of mainland Europe.

When Metternich used the metaphor "when France sneezes, Europe catches a cold", he was referencing both events.  When France's people rebelled against the absolute monarchy, the rest of Europe was tangled in the mess.  When Napoleon seized power as dictator in France, he brought his war and political goals all around Europe- from trying to plant his brothers and sisters on the thrones of other European kingdoms to attempting to expand French boundaries as far as Moscow.  

This metaphor can also be used to explain the series of liberal reforms that broke out in Europe a few decades after the French Revolution- most notably are the Revolutions of 1848, where liberal-backed revolutionaries fought back against the monarchies in their respective countries.  Many countries saw attempts at political reform or revolution, including Poland, Austria, Italy, and Russia among others.  These reforms were also partly inspired by the events of the French Revolution, which lends into Metternich's metaphor about how France impacts the rest of Europe.

Is Laurie's mom innocent or naive in "Charles"? Is she just telling the story or are we getting a glimpse into her character?I understand who...

Like most mothers, Laurie's mom wants to believe that her son is honest and trusting, and up until this time, she has no reason to believe otherwise. But Laurie suddenly changes, and although his mother notices some of the more obvious alterations in her son's character, she fails to observe others. Laurie's rebelliousness leads to the creation of a new identity and a new name--the much more masculine, Charles--that the mother fails to see until his teacher breaks the news. Whether Laurie/Charles shows signs of a split personality or other social disorder is uncertain, but there is little doubt that the mother is surprised to hear the news that the two boys are one and the same. She is both innocent and naive as well as highly unaware of how serious the changes in her son have become. Laurie's "insane" laughter and insolent behavior directed at the father in his own home should be a clue that the little boy's change is not typical of growing pains.  

What are the biggest key points in Chapter 23 of To Kill a Mockingbird?

Events around Chapter 23 of the novel To Kill A Mocking Bird by Harper Lee begin to turn. Jem is confused, having problems coming to terms with the outcome at court and Atticus has been spat at by Mr. Ewell, scaring the children who now begin to worry about their dad and the stand he made - they are beginning to see that these moral stands have consequences. Scout has to go to her aunt's tea party for the Missions charity which means she has to put on a dress.  Her Dad comes to tell them that Tom has been shot escaping from the prison and eventually takes Calpurnia along for the ride to tell Tom's wife the shocking news. Tom's people take the news with nobility and dignity but also with deep sorrow - especially his widow.

Why does Beckett choose the two tramps to represent his world view?plz i need a complete answer

Although it is never stated in the play that they were tramps, Vladimir and Estragon wear bowlers and resemble tramp-like characters played by Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, or even Laurel and Hardy. This underscores the tragicomic nature of the characters. In these cases, the tramp is in a situation where he is at the mercy of external forces and his struggle through those forces is often comedic or just downright ridiculous. Of course, the characters in "Waiting for Godot" are in a dark and seemingly more absurd situation than those in comedies. In performances, they were also usually dressed in drab clothing, in front of drab scenery (sans the tree),  and since nothing happens, they are sort of 'part of the scenery' - they blend in.

In the case of tramps, Becket may have chosen the similarities to Chaplin (and others) purposefully, but he might not have. He was always evasive about commenting on reasons for the choices, usually stating idiosyncratic whims as his reasons. For example, he claims that any relation between Godot and God is either misconstrued or something he did unconsciously.

A tramp is often described as a homeless person, a wanderer = someone on the outskirts, not part of the ongoing progression of society. People get a sense of meaning and importance being part of historical development. Think of the tramps in this play as shipwrecked. They wait for something to happen, perhaps even to be saved. Religious allegories abound here, but more importantly, the tramps are forced to imagine a universe for themselves: otherwise, they do nothing. Being detached from society (because they are tramps and are waiting), they are not part of any societal optimism (the basic idea of progress in society is that things steadily improve - agreements and disagreements will abound here as well.) Therefore, the tramps must consider their own place in the universe. In other words, if they are there alone, what can they do that has any significance, besides simply waiting?

The tramp (wanderer) must always think, "Where am I going? When will the wandering end?" So, he is more subject to philosophical introspection (as dark as it can be at times) than someone who is caught up in the fast-paced day-to-day life that most people are, with work, family, and so on. It is interesting, tragic and comic, because they literally must entertain themselves while waiting. They are the source of their own amusement.

In chapter 11 of Lord of the Flies, why does Ralph bother to blow the conch when calling together the small assembly?

I think Ralph wants to instill some sort of order in an otherwise chaotic environment. By blowing the conch he's modeling to the others how to follow the rules.

The conch is a symbol of order. His decision to continue using the conch is continuing the routine they have established. It takes one person to follow the rules and other people will hopefully follow the lead.

Identify the goals of Reconstruction and evaluate whether they were accomplished in the 12 year that the North occupied the South?

The previous post is correct in that there might have been specific points that your instructor would want you to obtain.  This should be the first reference point.  In the overall understanding about Reconstruction, the fundamental premise is what form post- Slavery society was to have taken after the Civil War.  Part of this was to have a closer and shared identity between North and South, as opposed to the schism which led to the Civil War.  In addition, the role of states' rights still presented itself, as Southern States were allowed to exercise their own autonomy in enforcing Jim Crow Laws to continue a segregated society.  While this was not a goal of Reconstruction, ensuring "malice towards none" did permit a sense of tolerance about ensuring legal equality for people of color and not mandating the social form of equality.  Certainly, this would not disparage the legal equality status achieved for people of color in specific relations to Amendments 13, 14, and 15 in the Constitution.

In the story "Bless Me Ultima", why did Antonio's uncle say there is hope for the young protagonist?

This comes near the end of Chapter Cinco. Tony overhears his uncle and mother talking as he is falling asleep. His uncle says there is hope in Tony because he has the characteristics of the Luna family, whereas his other brothers are more like the Marezes. There is a story passed among the Luna generations that a priest will return and guide them to salvation and good harvest. Both Tony's mother and his uncle hope he will become that priest, but his uncle says that Tony must stay with the Lunas after his first communion, so that he will not be lost like his brothers.

Throughout the novel, Tony is torn between the world of his father and the world of his mother. They represent both halves of his soul, & they are in constant conflict with each other, creating the inner turmoil Tony must learn to calm in order to mature. He needs to reconcile these two halves in order to be whole. This is where Ultima comes in. She guides him to understanding of his true self, and allows him to express his true nature in his life.

What is the importance of dreams in A Midsummer Night's Dream? How do they affect the outcome?

To me, dreams are important in the play, but I do not think they actually affect the outcome.  Instead, I would say that the dreams emphasize the meaning of play.

The whole play is meant to be something of a fantasy.  There are fairies and love potions and mistaken identities and stuff like that.  Because of that, the characters are often unsure if they are awake or dreaming.  The dreaminess of the plot line, in my opinion, emphasizes how unreal our lives can feel -- how strange and out of our control they can be.

But the dreams don't really affect the outcome.  When Hermia dreams of the snake, for example, it doesn't really change what she does next.

What are the indications for use of Q10 ?

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, Ubiquinone ) is a substance with a similar role as vitamins present in all body cells, especially those with very intense activity: heart, liver, brain.

Is involved in all processes of energy production and energy storage in cells also has important antioxidant role by inactivating free radicals responsible for cellular destruction.

Q10 was introduced to treat heart failure in Japan since 1974 and is present on the market as a dietary supplement.

Q10 has shown therapeutic properties in cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure, and cancer, multiple sclerosis and periodontal disease, but also for strengthening the immune system and energy recovery and fast recovery after exercise.

It can be administered in combination with other drugs (eg beta blockers) to counter the undesirable effects on heart function, muscle or other organs.

Cardiovascular diseases

Researches about the action of Q10 in cardiovascular disease dates back to the late 80's. However, there is controversy among experts on effectiveness of Q10 in the treatment of heart failure. There is no evidence on the role of Q10 in the treatment of hypertension or angina.

Cancer

Since 1964, it was observed that the blood of patients with cancer (myeloma, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung, prostate, pancreas, colon, kidney) shows lower levels of Q10. Some researchers have suggested that the boost action of the immune system, would be useful in treating cancer. Q10 provides protection against cardiotoxic action of doxorubicin.

Three trials, conducted on 41 women with breast cancer who received Q10 along with conventional treatment, showed an improvement of therapy results. However, it is considered weak the correlation between the use and effectiveness of Q10 in cancer therapy.

Other conditions

Studies have shown no efficiency of Q10 in:

- Periodontal diseases

- Muscular dystrophy

- Recovery of the body after  effort.

Comment on the use of images of corruption and/or decay in Act 1, Scene 5 in the play?"Hamlet" by William Shakespeare

In Act 1, Scene 5, the ghost of King Hamlet appears to his son, asking him to avenge his death by the poisoning of his brother.  This heinous act of fratricide is, indeed, an act that portrays the corruption of the soul of Claudius. In fact, when the ghost of the king appears to Hamlet, he tells his son that he is doomed to

walk the night.../Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature/Are burnt and purged away (I,v,10-13)

The ghost of King Hamlet entreats his son to "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder" (I,v,25), describing the effects of the poison that Claudius poured into his ear as causing a white, scaly crust upon his body making him appear leprous.  With such a cruelly, abrupt death, King Hamlet is also deprived of the Last Rites of the Church--no communion, no forgiveness of sins, and no anointing.  This deprivation of the sacraments of his church is a moral deprivation--a corruption--of his life by Claudius.

Now, King Hamlet, continues, Claudius has wed Hamlet's mother; and begs his son not to let Denmark become "a couch for luxury and damned incest" (I,V,88).  To his father's words, Hamlet reacts strongly, referring to his mother as "pernicious woman," while calling Claudius a "smiling damned villain" (I,v,110,111).

This scene ends with Hamlet's saying,

This time is out of joint.  O cursed spite/That ever I was born to set it right! (I,v,87-88)

There is a corruption of the natural order of life--"This time is out of joint"--for Hamlet feels that his father should not have so unjustly died.  Yet, there is also a hesitancy suggested in his line of cursing that he should have to avenge his father's death, a remark that is in marked contrast to the first reaction of Hamlet to the ghost of his father,

Hast me to know't, that I, with wings as swift/As meditation or the thoughts of love,/May sweep to my revenge. (I,v,29-31)

So, in a sense, there is a corruption of Hamlet's will as he debates with himself in several soliloquies if and when he should avenge his father.  And, it is not until the final act, of course, that Hamlet finally does take action.

After leaving Castle Rock to search for the beast, the boys stop to eat. What is Ralph thinking about during this time?

Well, here it is, the pause to eat and think and talk at Castle Rock:

While they ate, Ralph thought of the afternoon.

“We’ll be like we were. We’ll wash—”

Sam gulped down a mouthful and protested.

“But we bathe every day!”

Ralph looked at the filthy objects before him and sighed.

“We ought to comb our hair. Only it’s too long.”

“I’ve got both socks left in the shelter,” said Eric, “so we could pull them over our heads like caps, sort of.”

“We could find some stuff,” said Piggy, “and tie your hair back.”

“Like a girl!”

“No. ’Course not.”

“Then we must go as we are,” said Ralph, “and they won’t be any better.”

Eric made a detaining gesture.

“But they’ll be painted! You know how it is.”

The others nodded. They understood only too well the liberation into savagery that the concealing paint brought.

“Well, we won’t be painted,” said Ralph, “because we aren’t savages.”

Samneric looked at each other.

“All the same—”

Ralph shouted.

“No paint!”

He tried to remember.

“Smoke,” he said, “we want smoke.”

He turned on the twins fiercely.

“I said ’smoke’! We’ve got to have smoke.”

There was silence, except for the multitudinous murmur of the bees.

As last Piggy spoke, kindly.

“ ’Course we have. ’Cos the smoke’s a signal and we can’t be rescued if we don’t have smoke.”

“I knew that!” shouted Ralph. He pulled his arm away from Piggy. “Are you suggesting?”

“I’m jus’ saying what you always say,” said Piggy hastily. “I’d thought for a moment—”

“I hadn’t,” said Ralph loudly. “I knew it all the time. I hadn’t forgotten.”

Piggy nodded propitiatingly.

“You’re chief, Ralph. You remember everything.”

“I hadn’t forgotten.”

“ ’Course not.”

The twins were examining Ralph curiously, as though they were seeing him for the first time.

Things are falling apart. It's becoming harder and harder to maintain the veneer of civilization: clean faces, clean hair, a clear mind, and a sense of propriety and of right and wrong.

Dirty faces look almost like painted face, but painted faces are something else, entirely. Painted faces are masks to hide behind, masks to hide things you wouldn't do if you could be identified. Painted faces free the savage within, and Ralph knows the danger, the threat that savagery brings.

And Ralph is thinking, too, of the fire and what it still potentially means to all the boys on the island, the hope for rescue and salvation. The hope of being saved from themselves and what has become of them.

Why was the concept of pain beyond Jonas’s comprehension?no

Jonas lived in a world that had been emotionally and intellectually sanitized to such an extent that there could be no pain, because there was also no pleasure.  This utopian community had done everything possible to remove anything unpleasant from their society--war, fear, hunger, pain, conflict, divorce, competition--and in doing so, had also removed everything that might bring joy, satisfaction, intellectual and/or emotional fulfillment.  There was no pain, but there was also no pleasure.  There was no divorce, but there was also no love.  There were no painful memories in the individual and collective consciousness of the community members, but there were no happy memories for them either. 

What are the literary devices (such as simile, hypebole, etc.), used in Macbeth's soliloquy in Act 2 scene 1 of Macbeth? Thank you!

In Macbeth, Macbeth suffers tragic consequences due to his "vaulting ambition" which by his own admittance "o'er-leaps itself," (I.vii.27). He is unduly influenced by the witches and his downfall is set in motion on "so foul and fair a day," (I.iii.39). Ambition is one of Macbeth's tragic flaws. 

Making use of literary devices enhances the drama in Macbeth's soliloquy in Act II, scene i, lines 31-63 as Macbeth must face his fears. He believes that the only way to further his own ambition to be king is to kill Duncan. Visual elements intensify the symbolism as the audience prepares for what will follow. 

Alliteration is evident in this soliloquy; for example, "The handle towards my hand," (34); as Macbeth tries to steel himself for his deed, adding emphasis to what is about to happen and also a rhythmic quality to the soliloquy. "Bloody business," "which way they walk"  and "heaven or hell,"are also examples of alliteration. There is emphasis on blood and Macbeth's confusion is highlighted. 

Repetition is used to great effect and is particularly significant in referring to being able to "see",  a quality that Macbeth sorely lacks in terms of his long term future. He says, "I see thee" (35,40,45) on three occasions and makes references to sight and his eyes. He wonders whether the dagger is real or imagined. He seems to have an awareness but is powerless to fight against it as he is being instructed by some force which "marshall'st me the way I was going," (42). The paradox between appearance and reality is stressed from what Macbeth imagines here and what he sees; I have thee not, and yet, I see thee still,"(35). 

"Pale Hectate's offerings," (52) somehow justify what he believes he must do. Just as she may perform a ritual and offer a sacrifice, so it seems Duncan will be the sacrifice for Macbeth in order for Macbeth to become king. Here Macbeth is alluding to the ancient practices of sacrifice in order to serve an apparent greater good. 

Shakespeare's use of literary devices allows him to describe and explain in vivid detail so that the audience, or the reader can almost participate in the drama. 

In the Masque of the Red Death, what does the purple room symbolize and what stage of life does it represent?

The purple room in Poe's The Masque of the Red Death represents the second Deadly Sin, which is Greed. Greed, or avarice, is insatiable, excessive desire for wealth and all material goods.

All seven Deadly Sins are, from first to seventh, Pride, Greed, Envy, Wrath (severe anger), Lust, Gluttony, Sloth. Each has a room assigned and each is present in The Masque of the Red Death. The Seven Deadly Sins are of such a monstrous nature because of the other sins that they lead to.

Poe describes the setting as a "voluptuous scene" with seven rooms, "an imperial suite." This indicates that the rooms must be considered together, thus establishing that if the first room represents the first deadly sin Pride, then the second room represents the second deadly sin Greed, and so on. This idea is given support by the fact that the masked ball was held at the end of the sixth month leading into the seventh month.

Since Greed is the sin of having an insatiable appetite for wealth and all luxuries and goods, it leads to other sins against other people, for instance, people who are left without food or shelter. In The Masque of the Red Death, the second room represents the Prince's magnificent preparations for his self-imposed imprisonment with his courtiers.

His country is "half depopulated" yet he is shut up within the abbey's walls with all manner of riches, beauty, wealth, food and wine. The Greed betokened by this insatiable accumulation of food, wine and luxuries leads to the greater sin of his kingdom's people being left to suffer and struggle alone and without necessities.

Additionally, the purple, or second, room represents the stage of life during which humanity is productive and able to acquire the means of sustaining life. This contrasts greatly with the deprivation of others' lives caused by Greed.